Environmental issues in the Mediterranean: processes and perspectives from the past and present
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2004
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge studies in physical geography and environment
1 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 479 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0415156866 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129888548945920 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Environmental issues in the Mediterranean
Autor: Wainwright, John
Jahr: 2004
Contents
List of figures xiii
List of tables xix
List of boxes xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
PARTI
Background 1
1 The Mediterranean region in its context 3
What and where is the Mediterranean ? 4
Current environmental problems in the Mediterranean 10
The long history of environmental issues in the Mediterranean
region 11
Factors of change 11
Past and present 13
Organization of the book 13
2 The geological setting 14
Introduction 14
Volcanic eruptions and their effects 14
Earthquakes 20
The plate-tectonic setting of the Mediterranean 25
Resources of the Mediterranean lands 47
Summary 56
Suggestions for further reading 56
Topics for discussion 56
viii Contents
PART 2
The dynamic environment 57
3 The Mediterranean climate and its evolution 59
Meteorology 59
Climate 70
Reconstruction of climatic evolution 86
Summary of recent climatic fluctuations 117
Summary 118
Suggestions for further reading 119
Topics for discussion 119
4 Vegetation 120
Introduction 120
Mediterranean scale 120
Controls at different spatial scales 125
Effects of human activity 131
Development of vegetation through time 131
Summary of major trends since the late glacial maximum 149
Suggestions for further reading 152
Topics for discussion 153
5 The hydrological cycle of the Basin and its watershed 154
Hillslope hydrology in Mediterranean environments 154
Catchment hydrology in Mediterranean environments 156
Wetlands 163
Groundwater 166
Rivers and channels 166
Suggestions for further reading 169
Topics for discussion 170
6 Erosion processes 171
Introduction 171
Controls on erosion by water 171
Slope-erosion processes 175
Rates of water erosion 180
Mass movements 180
Catchment-scale erosion rates 186
Controls on erosion by wind 189
Suggestions for further reading 192
Topics for discussion 192
Contents ix
7 Fire 193
Introduction 193
Controls on forest fires 193
Impacts on vegetation patterns 194
Effects on soil properties 196
Effects on hydrology and erosion 198
Summary 199
Suggestions for further reading 202
Topics for discussion 202
8 The Mediterranean Sea 203
Main issues 203
The morphology 204
Effects of circulation on temperature and salinity 204
Local circulation 208
The living Mediterranean 209
Suggestions for further reading 210
Topics for discussion 210
PART 3
The human impact on the environment 211
9 Background to prehistoric and historic land use 213
Introduction 213
Settlement and land use in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic 214
Population dynamics from the Upper Palaeolithic to the nineteenth
century 222
General patterns 227
Summary 227
Suggestions for further reading 229
Topics for discussion 229
10 Traditional land-use patterns 1: agriculture 230
Introduction 230
The origin, spread and intensification of agriculture 230
Erosion and agricultural exploitation 247
Climatic hazards and agriculture 257
Irrigation 258
Summary 266
Suggestions for further reading 267
Topics for discussion 267
x Contents
11 Traditional land-use patterns 2: rural settlement 268
Introduction 268
Agro-pastoral systems and vertical settlement patterns 268
Pastoralism and soil erosion 271
Fire 272
Water resources 274
Marginality of mountain populations 275
Summary 275
Suggestions for further reading 276
Topics for discussion 276
12 Traditional land-use patterns 3: urban settlement 277
Introduction 277
Development of urban settlement patterns 278
Impacts on land use 284
Control of the water supply 287
Pollution 291
Summary 291
Suggestions for further reading 291
Topics for discussion 292
13 Traditional land-use patterns 4: use of mineral resources 293
Introduction 293
Mineral sources and their use 293
Impacts of quarrying and mining 295
Summary 297
Suggestions for further reading 297
Topics for discussion 297
PART 4
The Mediterranean environment under increasing pressure 299
14 The present human landscape 301
Introduction 301
Population dynamics in the twentieth century 302
Urbanization 306
Industrialization 308
The development of tourism 310
The Mediterranean and the EU 312
The Blue Plan and its projections 314
Summary 317
Suggestions for further reading 318
Topics for discussion 318
Contents xi
15 Agricultural changes in the twentieth century 319
Introduction 319
Intensification, mechanization and their consequences 319
Soil impoverishment and salinization 333
Into the twenty-first century: potential impacts of future
projections 335
Summary 337
Suggestions for further reading 337
Topics for discussion 337
16 The impact of depopulation 338
Introduction 338
Upland and marginal areas 338
Impacts of future projections 342
Summary 344
Suggestions for further reading 344
Topics for discussion 344
17 Pollution 345
Introduction 345
Soil pollution 345
Water pollution 346
Industrial development and pollution - an example from
Spain 346
Marine pollution 348
Protecting the Mediterranean Sea 350
Suggestions for further reading 353
Topics for discussion 353
18 Water resources 354
Introduction 354
A brief overview of water management through time in Spain and
Tunisia 354
Water budgets 355
Groundwater 361
Salinization 364
Dry farming 366
Irrigation 366
Consumptive use 367
A case study from southern Spain 367
Summary 369
Suggestions for further reading 369
Topics for discussion 369
xii Contents
19 The desertification problem 370
Desertification: myth or reality ? 370
Mediterranean desertification 371
The role of the European Community 374
What can be done? 375
Land care? 377
Suggestions for further reading 378
Topics for discussion 379
20 Potential climatic change and its effects 380
Introduction 380
Estimating potential future climatic change 381
Effects of predicted climatic change on the hydrological regime 385
Effects of predicted climatic change on vegetation 386
Effects of predicted climatic change on soils and soil erosion 388
Impacts of potential sea-level rise in the coastal zone 390
Other potential impacts 392
Effects of predicted climatic change on human health 392
Linking potential impacts of climate change with socio-economic
changes 393
Summary 394
Suggestions for further reading 394
Topics for discussion 395
21 Key issues for mitigation 396
Temporal variability 396
Spatial variability 396
Historical antecedents 397
Complicated and complex impacts 397
Management, scale and sustainability 398
Water 398
Agenda 21 399
Canons of Mediterranean environmental management 399
Frameworks for action 400
The future 410
Suggestions for further reading 410
Topics for discussion 410
Bibliography 411
Index 469
Figures
Topography of the Mediterranean with major rivers and locations xxix
1.1 The catchment of the Mediterranean Basin 5
1.2 Climatic definitions of the Mediterranean zone 6-7
1.3 Distributions of characteristic Mediterranean plant species 8-9
1.4 Definition of the Mediterranean zone by the Blue Plan according to
modern administrative boundaries with some frontage on the
Mediterranean coastline 10
2.1 Earthquake hazard map of Israel 24
2.2 Map of locations of active volcanoes 26
2.3 Sections through Mediterranean island arcs 27
2.4 Types of volcanic activity named after Mediterranean volcanoes or historic
eruptions 28
2.5 Recorded historical eruptions of volcanoes in the Mediterranean 29
2.6 Map of locations of present and historic earthquakes 31
2.7 Fault-plane solutions of a number of earthquakes in the Mediterranean
showing the type of fault movement 32
2.8 Comparisons of different interpretations of the geological structure
underlying the Mediterranean region 33
2.9 Bathymetry of the Mediterranean Sea 35
2.10 Sedimentary deposition since the end of the Messinian salinity crisis just
over five million years ago 39
2.11 Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin 40-44
2.12 Topography of the Mediterranean region 46
2.13 Distribution of four major geological types - limestone, igneous,
metamorphic and marl and unconsolidated sedimentary terrains 48
2.14 Copper deposits in Cyprus 49
2.15 The general distribution of soils in the Mediterranean region showing
the seven most important soil groups according to the FAO classification 49
2.16 Examples of typical soil profiles from the Mediterranean 53
3.1 General characteristics of atmospheric circulation in the summer 60-61
3.2 General characteristics of atmospheric circulation in the winter 62-67
3.3 Patterns of cyclogenesis in the Mediterranean 68
3.4 The average annual rainfall for the Mediterranean Basin 71
3.5 Map of the average annual number of raindays 73
3.6 Cycles in the mean annual 500hPa heights at Algiers and Cairo
demonstrating the presence of the Mediterranean Oscillation 75
3.7 Map of average annual temperatures for the Mediterranean 76
xiv Figures
3.8 Climatograms indicating the length of the dry season at various locations
around the Basin 78
3.9 Regionalization of rainfall patterns in the European Mediterranean 79
3.10 Locations of named regional winds 81
3.11 Rainfall intensities during the rainfall event of 22 September 1992 in
southern France 84
3.12 Monthly distributions of rainfalls of varying intensities and durations in
Catalonia 85
3.13 Variability in the pollen cores at Tenaghi Philippon 89
3.14 Oxygen-isotope fluctuations in four long Mediterranean cores 94
3.15 Reconstructions of temperature and precipitation in Israel since the last
glacial maximum based on spelaeothems from the Soreq cave site 95
3.16 Climate reconstructions from Italy based on response-surface mapping of
Laghi di Monticchio data 96
3.17 Reconstructions of past temperature and precipitation fluctuations in
France based on pollen data 97
3.18 Reconstruction of the general climatic patterns in southern France since
the last glacial maximum based on pollen data 101
3.19 Summary of French grape harvest data 103
3.20 Examples of flood events and the corresponding monthly rainfall at local
stations in southern France 104
3.21 Timing of Mediterranean floods according to Lamb (1977) 106
3.22 Summary of climatic data for southern France, Italy and Slovenia reported
by Alexandre (1987) from 1030 ce to 1420 CE 112
3.23 Summary of climatic data from Spain 112
3.24 Reconstructions of patterns of annual precipitation since 1100 CE based
on cedar (Cedrusatlantica) tree rings in Morocco 115
3.25 General reconstructions of climate for the period since 1500 using
tree-ring series from the Savoy and Maritime Alps, Mont Ventoux, and
from Calabria 115
4.1 Altitudinal zonation of the plant communities in the Mediterranean region 122
4.2 Stages of the degeneration and regeneration of plant communities 124
4.3 Province of Murcia, Spain. Topography and places cited in the text 125
4.4 Monthly rainfall and temperature for four stations in the province of
Murcia, Spain 126
4.5 Relation between the calculated relative evapotranspiration rate
(EA/Etmax) and the relative wheat biomass for different sites and
three growing periods 127
4.6 Main vegetation types in the province of Murcia, Spain 128
4.7 Altitudinal distribution of vegetation in the Sierra Nevada from the
Vega de Granada to the Pico de Veleta 129
4.8 Zonation of Pliocene and Pleistocene vegetation types 133
4.9 Tentative interpretation of the major changes in late Pleistocene and early
Holocene changes in the Mediterranean vegetation 150
4.10 Summary of the first occurrences of various forms of anthropic
modification of vegetation assemblages within the Mediterranean as a
whole 151
5.1 Tank model of soil hydrology 157
5.2 Location of the Barranco de Arias 158
Figures xv
5.3 Graph of size against return period for the GuadaJfeo River, Sierra
Nevada, Spain 160
5.4 Intensities for the 1982 storm in the provinces of Murcia and Alicante,
obtained from radar imagery 161
5.5 Mean monthly flows of the Guadalentin River at Totana, Murcia, Spain 162
5.6 High flow in the Ripoll, a tributary of the Rio Besos (Pyrenees) in
November 162
5.7 Lake Garaet El Ichkeul - Lake Bizerte 165
5.8 Marine intrusion shown schematically 167
5.9 Aquifers in Castilla la Mancha 168
5.10 Perched and mean sea level aquifers in Malta 169
5.11 Check dams constructed to limit sediment movement to reservoirs or
large dams 170
6.1 Relationship between rainfall intensity and rainfall kinetic energy measured
in a number of Mediterranean locations as compared to average
calculations for the USA 172
6.2 Erosion rate at a given surface stone cover relative to the erosion rate for
a surface with no stones 174
6.3 Splash erosion rates measured by Wainwright (1996a, b) 175
6.4 Erosion rates as a function of different vegetation covers based on rainfall-
simulation experiments of Francis and Thornes (1990b) in Murcia,
south-east Spain 177
6.5 Thresholds for initiation of rilling based on the critical shear velocity as a
function of the soil shear strength 178
6.6 Different types of erosion within Mediterranean landscapes,
demonstrating the various locations where gullies may form 179
6.7 Factors causing slope instability in the Mediterranean 184
6.8 The Vaiont landslide of 9 October 1963 185
6.9 Erosion rates as a function of annual rainfall for four sites with matorral
cover 187
6.10 Measurements of catchment erosion rates in the Mediterranean 187
6.11 Magnitude and frequency of fluvial and slope erosion events in the
Buonamico Basin, Calabria, Italy 189
7.1 Changes in the richness of species present in a dense Quercus ilex coppice
after fire 195
7.2 Evolution of plant height through time following forest fires in the region
of Alicante, Spain 195
7.3 Evolution of soil organic matter and aggregate stability in a burnt soil 196
7.4 Relationship between fire temperature and various soil properties
according to the experimental results of Giovannini et al. (1988) 197
7.5 Relationship between fire temperature and soil nutrients according to the
experimental results of Giovannini et al. (1990) 198
7.6 Relationship between fire temperature and subsequent growth of wheat
according to the experimental results of Giovannini et al. (1990) 198
8.1 Morphology of the Mediterranean Basin 205
8.2 Vertical structures of water types 206
8.3 Map of the Alboran gyre 208
9.1 Sites occupied at the Late Glacial Maximum in Epirus, Greece, suggesting
the use of seasonal migration patterns to follow herds of animals 219
xvi Figures
9.2 Site-catchment analysis of the Mesolithic site of Abeuradour in southern
France, showing the wide range of territories exploited 221
9.3 Population reconstruction based on archaeological data for the Argolid,
Greece 224
9.4 Population reconstruction based on archaeological data for the Vera Basin
and the Aguas Valley, southern Spain 226
9.5 Population data for a number of mountain regions of the Mediterranean 228
10.1 Stratigraphy of the PPNA-PPNB settlement of Jericho showing potential
evidence of a flood-control structure 233
10.2 Bull horns and wall paintings relating to symbolic representations of
domesticated species at the early Neolithic settlement of: Catal Hoyiik 235
10.3 Wall paintings of hunting scenes at Catal Hoyiik, suggesting the
co-existence of hunting with agricultural activity 235
10.4 Changes in sea levels in the Mediterranean during the Holocene 238
10.5 Effects of sea-level rise in the coastal zone 239
10.6 Submerged remains of olive pits off the coast of Israel, with the earliest
evidence of olive processing, which is dated to 5569-5278 bce 245
10.7 Major erosional phases in the Argolid 247
10.8 Erosional phases throughout Greece, showing an association with the
Classical, Roman and Byzantine periods 249
10.9 Population expansion in southern Etruria 250
10.10 Accelerated erosion at Laval de la Bretonne, Aude, France 252
10.11 Erosional, vegetation and settlement histories in the region of
Sogiit-Balboura, Turkey, demonstrating a close link with a rapid phase of
population expansion which coincides with a rapid decline in the
juniper-oak-pine woodland around c.1050 bce 253
10.12 The increased emphasis on the water resources close to a site in the
Bronze Age when compared to the Neolithic and Chalcolithic in
southern Spain 259
10.13 Representation on the mace head of the Scorpion king, who is seen
ceremonially cutting an irrigation ditch around c.3100 bce 260
10.14 Technology for irrigation found in ancient Egypt 261
10.15 Qanats: subterranean channels used to tap groundwater flowing beneath
alluvial fans or ephemeral channels and distribute the water to lower-lying
fields 263
10.16 Cuniculi in Etruria, Italy 263
10.17 Integrated agricultural system used in North Africa to minimize stress in
extreme conditions 265
11.1 Map of transhumance routes and other droveroads in the Mediterranean
region, showing the long distances often travelled by pastoralists in the
course of the year 269
11.2 Sketches of photographic evidence showing spectacular erosional events
in the French Pyrenees at the end of the nineteenth century 273
12.1 Development of clustered and ultimately urban settlement patterns in Egypt 279
12.2 Schematic maps showing the extent to which the walled cities of
Mediterranean Europe contained large areas of open space including
enclosed and unenclosed fields, orchards and enclosed gardens 283
12.3 Plan of the Minoan palace at Knossos showing the space employed in
storage of agricultural produce 285
Figures xvii
12.4 Centuriation of the southern Rhone valley showing the extent to which
landscapes were modified in the Roman period as a result of structures
required to support the entire hierarchy of settlement 286
12.5 Examples of aqueduct systems used to earn water to the Roman city of
Lepcis Magna in Tunisia 289
12.6 Map of the Roman water-distribution system bringing supplies from near
Uzes to the city of Nimes via the Pont du Gard aqueduct 290
13.1 Rock and mineral resources exploited in the prehistoric and historic
periods in the Mediterranean Basin 294
13.2 Mining technology in use at the Rio Tinto mines showing the use of
hydraulic technology to modify large areas of the landscape 296
14.1 The annual total population of the Mediterranean according to region
from 1960 to 1997 302
14.2 The annual growth rate of Mediterranean populations according to
region from 1960 to 1997 303
14.3 Population pyramids showing the age structure of Mediterranean
inhabitants by country 304
14.4 Percentages of rural Mediterranean populations by region from 1961
to 1997 307
14.5 Patterns of industrial growth in the Mediterranean 309
14.6 Population growth and projections according to region 315
15.1 Total population in millions employed in agriculture in the European,
African and Asian Mediterranean countries 320
15.2 Total area used for agriculture in millions of hectares in the European,
African and Asian Mediterranean countries 320
15.3 Intensity of agricultural activity measured as number of people employed
in agriculture per unit area used for agriculture 321
15.4 Example of fragmentation of land holdings under traditional patterns of
inheritance in western Cyprus 323
15.5 Intensity of agricultural activity measured in terms of crop yields
(amount produced per unit area) 324
15.6 Stocking density rates in the Mediterranean region measured as number
of animals per hectare of permanent pasture 326
15.7 Area of agricultural land under irrigation in the different areas of the
Mediterranean Basin 327
15.8 Trends in agricultural mechanization in the Mediterranean region 328
15.9 Trends in chemical fertilizer consumption in the Mediterranean region 329
15.10 Trends in pesticide imports in the Mediterranean region 329
15.11 Effects of increased irrigation in agriculture on the quantity and quality
of available water supplies in the Argolid, southern Greece 332
16.1 Rural populations in the Mediterranean Basin, with projections to the
year 2030 343
17.1 Map of the pollution episode at Coto Donana National Park 347
17.2 Map showing principal locations of intensive pollution in the
Mediterranean Sea 352
18.1 Map of Castilla la Mancha showing the Guadiana River and the Tablas
de Damiel 357
18.2 Actual and proposed water transfers in Spain according to El Libra
Blanco de Agua 359
xviii Figures
18.3 The Southern Conveyor Project for water supplies in Cyprus 360
18.4 Modelled comparative water balances for Cordoba and Almeria reflecting
both the different climates and also the different soils in the two areas 363
18.5 Water problems in the Argolid area, Greece 365
18.6 Map of the Aguas del Sur (Southern Water Basins) and the aquifer
systems 368
19.1 Aridity in the Iberian Peninsula 372
20.1 Downscaled GCM results predicting the amount of seasonal temperature
change in the Mediterranean region in °C per 1°C change in global
mean temperature 382
20.2 Downscaled GCM results predicting the seasonal percentage precipitation
change in the Mediterranean region in per cent per 1°C change in global
mean temperature 383
20.3 Downscaled GCM results predicting the amount of seasonal potential
evaporation change in the Mediterranean region in mm day 1 per 1°C
change in global mean temperature 384
20.4 Equilibrium natural vegetation zones as a function of latitude, altitude
and mean minimum temperature of the coldest month 387
20.5 Mean rates of vertical displacement around the Mediterranean region,
based on historical and archaeological data by Flemming (1992) 391
20.6 Graph showing the range of variability in effective sea-level rise to the
year 2100 391
Tables
2.1 Comparison of Mercalli earthquake intensity and Richter earthquake
magnitude scales, with a description of the principal effects of each
intensity g
2.2 Warning periods, distances reached and frequency and capacity of damage
of various volcanic hazards 21
2.3 Explanation of different soil types used in the text, together with
approximate relative frequency of occurrence in the Mediterranean Basin
denned by analysis of digitized soil data at a resolution of c.2 50
3.1 Interannual variability of rainfall at Jerusalem between 1846 and 1965 74
3.2 Extreme rainfall events recorded within the Mediterranean for a variety
of durations 83
3.3 Marine isotope chronology and relative stratigraphic names used in
northern Europe for the later Pleistocene 91
3.4 Average climate reconstructions for GCM model cells representing the
Mediterranean region for the period since 18ka 100
3.5 Rainfall records for the year 1816 in southern France, as compared with
average values for each station 105
3.6 Summary of historical climate data for the Mediterranean region 108-111
4.1 Summary of major vegetation stages derived from pollen and charcoal data 138-141
5.1 Precipitation (mm) of storms of different durations occurring with
different return periods for Almeria city 155
5.2 Infiltration rates as measured on different lithologies using cylinder
infiltrometry at Soria and Ugijar in Spain 156
6.1 Estimated sediment production by gully, interrill and rill erosion in
south-east Portugal and south-east Spain 179
6.2 Erosion rates measured on standard erosion plots throughout the
Mediterranean Basin 181-182
6.3 Average sediment losses from standard erosion plots in the Mediterranean 183
6.4 Conversion chart giving equivalent soil-erosion rates measured in different
units assuming a dry bulk density of 1,300kgm~3 183
6.5 Erosion rates based on measurements of ground lowering 183
6.6 Erosion rates based on sediment-transport measurements at catchment
scale 188
6.7 ICONA classification of soil loss rates in the LUCDEME
anti-desertification project 188
7.1 Monitored rates of runoff and erosion before and after fires in a range of
locations in the Mediterranean 200-201
xx Tables
9.1 Summary of archaeological periods and their relative timing in different
parts of the Mediterranean Basin 214
10.1 Classification of landscape-degradation events as a function of
socio-economic status of human settlement for the degradation phases
noted in the text 256
12.1 Water supplies of Rome, detailing portions running above and below
ground and the date of construction 288
14.1 International tourist arrivals figures from 1970 to 1996 310
15.1 Number of farms in different size categories, area covered by these farms
and changes in proportion according to size categories in the EU and
some other Mediterranean countries 322
15.2 Water supply and demand in the Mediterranean area 327
15.3 Index of agricultural intensification measured as the ratio of the
percentage of Gross Added Value (GAV) from agriculture to the
percentage of people employed in agriculture 330
15.4 Blue Plan projections for agricultural productivity and other variables
relating to agricultural intensification 336
17.1 Estimates of waste pollution into the Mediterranean Sea for
Mediterranean Basin countries in 1993, according to main source 350
18.1 Production in grammes per plot for different crop types using different
water sources 352
Boxes
2.1 Effects of earthquakes in Israel 23-24
3.1 The orbital variability of the Earth 90
3.2 Marine records of climate change 91
3.3 Dating conventions 92
4.1 The Braun-Blanquet phytosociology classification 121
4.2 Vegetation terms 121
4.3 The composition of the shrub-winter annual community 123
4.4 The MEDALUS project 130
4.5 Timing of human impacts: the case of Greece 152
5.1 How runoff is generated 157
5.2 Return periods 160
5.3 Saltwater intrusion 167
9.1 Chronologies and archaeological periods 214
10.1 The Neolithic Revolution 231
10.2 Evidence for domestication 232
10.3 Sea-level change and its impact on understanding the spread of agriculture 238-239
10.4 Evidence for the use of fire in agriculture 242
17.1 Pollution of Coto Donana National Park, Spain 347
17.2 The Mediterranean Action Plan and the Barcelona Convention for the
Protection of the Mediterranean against Pollution 351
18.1 La grande hydraulique 356
18.2 The Southern Conveyor Project, Cyprus 360
18.3 Water recycling 362
18.4 Salinization in the Argolid area of Greece 365
21.1 EU Water Framework Directive, 2000 406
21.2 Two examples of EU polio-impacts 407
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wainwright, John Thornes, John B. |
| author_facet | Wainwright, John Thornes, John B. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Wainwright, John |
| author_variant | j w jw j b t jb jbt |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV016968432 |
| callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
| callnumber-label | GE160 |
| callnumber-raw | GE160.M47 |
| callnumber-search | GE160.M47 |
| callnumber-sort | GE 3160 M47 |
| callnumber-subject | GE - Environmental Sciences |
| classification_rvk | RO 10438 RO 10844 RO 10915 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)51764553 (DE-599)BVBBV016968432 |
| dewey-full | 363.7091822 363.7/2/091822 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 363 - Other social problems and services |
| dewey-raw | 363.7091822 363.7/2/091822 |
| dewey-search | 363.7091822 363.7/2/091822 |
| dewey-sort | 3363.7091822 |
| dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
| discipline | Soziologie Geographie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Méditerranée (Région) rasuqam Mediterranean Region Environmental conditions Mittelmeerraum (DE-588)4074900-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Méditerranée (Région) Mediterranean Region Environmental conditions Mittelmeerraum |
| id | DE-604.BV016968432 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:12:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0415156866 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2003002187 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010247890 |
| oclc_num | 51764553 |
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| owner | DE-703 DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | XXVIII, 479 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge studies in physical geography and environment |
| series2 | Routledge studies in physical geography and environment |
| spelling | Wainwright, John Verfasser aut Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present John Wainwright and John B. Thornes 1. publ. London [u.a.] Routledge 2004 XXVIII, 479 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge studies in physical geography and environment 1 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Environnement - Méditerranée, Région de la Environnement rasuqam Géographie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Histoire rasuqam Influence de l'homme sur la nature rasuqam Milieuvraagstuk gtt Modification de l'environnement rasuqam Sociale ecologie gtt Écologie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Human ecology Mediterranean Region Human geography Mediterranean Region Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd rswk-swf Umwelt (DE-588)4061616-2 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Méditerranée (Région) rasuqam Mediterranean Region Environmental conditions Mittelmeerraum (DE-588)4074900-9 gnd rswk-swf Mittelmeerraum (DE-588)4074900-9 g Umwelt (DE-588)4061616-2 s Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 s Geschichte z 1\p DE-604 Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s 2\p DE-604 Thornes, John B. Verfasser aut Routledge studies in physical geography and environment 1 (DE-604)BV013930954 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010247890&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Wainwright, John Thornes, John B. Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present Routledge studies in physical geography and environment Environnement - Méditerranée, Région de la Environnement rasuqam Géographie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Histoire rasuqam Influence de l'homme sur la nature rasuqam Milieuvraagstuk gtt Modification de l'environnement rasuqam Sociale ecologie gtt Écologie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Human ecology Mediterranean Region Human geography Mediterranean Region Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd Umwelt (DE-588)4061616-2 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4304982-5 (DE-588)4061616-2 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4074900-9 |
| title | Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present |
| title_auth | Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present |
| title_exact_search | Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present |
| title_full | Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present John Wainwright and John B. Thornes |
| title_fullStr | Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present John Wainwright and John B. Thornes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental issues in the Mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present John Wainwright and John B. Thornes |
| title_short | Environmental issues in the Mediterranean |
| title_sort | environmental issues in the mediterranean processes and perspectives from the past and present |
| title_sub | processes and perspectives from the past and present |
| topic | Environnement - Méditerranée, Région de la Environnement rasuqam Géographie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Histoire rasuqam Influence de l'homme sur la nature rasuqam Milieuvraagstuk gtt Modification de l'environnement rasuqam Sociale ecologie gtt Écologie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Human ecology Mediterranean Region Human geography Mediterranean Region Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd Umwelt (DE-588)4061616-2 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Environnement - Méditerranée, Région de la Environnement Géographie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Histoire Influence de l'homme sur la nature Milieuvraagstuk Modification de l'environnement Sociale ecologie Écologie humaine - Méditerranée, Région de la Human ecology Mediterranean Region Human geography Mediterranean Region Umweltveränderung Umwelt Geschichte Méditerranée (Région) Mediterranean Region Environmental conditions Mittelmeerraum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010247890&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV013930954 |
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