Essential statistics:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
Chapman & Hall/CRC
2001
|
Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
Schriftenreihe: | Texts in statistical science
[50] |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXI, 361 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 1584880074 |
Internformat
MARC
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Essential statistics |c D. G. Rees |
250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b Chapman & Hall/CRC |c 2001 | |
300 | |a XXI, 361 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 1 | |a Texts in statistical science |v [50] | |
650 | 7 | |a Hypothesetoetsing |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Regressieanalyse |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Statistiek |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Statistische betrouwbaarheid |2 gtt | |
650 | 7 | |a Waarschijnlijkheid (statistiek) |2 gtt | |
650 | 4 | |a Statistik | |
650 | 4 | |a Statistics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents
Preface xiii
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Preface to the First Edition xix
Acknowledgements xxi
1 What is Statistics? 1
1.1 Statistics as a Science 1
1.2 Types of Statistical Data 4
Worksheet 1: Statistics and Types of Statistical Data 6
2 Some Statistical Notation 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 2 9
2.3 Factorials 11
2.4 xr 11
2.5 ex 12
2.6 Decimal Places and Significant Figures 12
Worksheet 2: Some Statistical Notation 13
3 Summarizing Data by Tables and by
Graphical Methods 15
3.1 Introduction 15
3.2 Tables and Graphs for One Continuous Variable 15
3.3 Using Minitab for Windows to Draw Graphs 19
3.4 Tables and Graphs for One Discrete Variable 21
3.5 Tables and Graphs for One Categorical Variable 22
3.6 Tables and Graphs for Two Variable Data 23
3.7 Summary 26
vii
viii ¦ Essential Statistics
Worksheet 3: Summarizing Data by Tables and by
Graphical Methods 26
4 Summarizing Data by Numerical Measures 31
4.1 Introduction 31
4.2 Averages 31
4.3 Sample Mean (x) 32
4.4 Sample Median 33
4.5 Sample Mode 34
4.6 When to Use the Mean, Median, and Mode 35
4.7 Measures of Variation 37
4.8 Sample Standard Deviation (s) 38
4.9 Sample Inter Quartile Range 40
4.10 When to Use Standard Deviation and Inter Quartile Range 41
4.11 Box and Whisker Plots 41
4.12 Other Measures of Variation 42
4.13 A Measure of Skewness 42
4.14 Summary 43
Worksheet 4: Summarizing Data by Numerical Measures 44
5 Probability 47
5.1 Introduction 47
5.2 Basic Ideas of Probability 48
5.3 The a priori Definition of Probability
for Equally Likely Outcomes 49
5.4 The Relative Frequency Definition
of Probability, Based on Experimental Data 50
5.5 The Range of Possible Values for a Probability Value 51
5.6 Probability, Percentage, Proportion, and Odds 52
5.7 Subjective Probability 52
5.8 Probabilities Involving More Than One Event 52
5.9 Multiplication Law (The and Law) 53
5.10 Addition Law (The or Law) 55
5.11 Mutually Exclusive and Exhaustive Events 56
5.12 Complementary Events
and the Calculation of P (at Least 1...) 57
5.13 Probability Trees 58
5.14 Venn Diagrams and Rees Diagrams 59
5.15 Summary 60
Worksheet 5: Probability 6l
6 Discrete Probability Distributions 67
6.1 Introduction 67
6.2 Bernoulli Distribution 68
6.3 Binomial Distribution 68
6.4 Calculating Binomial Probabilities: An Example 69
6.5 Binomial Probabilities Using Tables and Minitab for Windows 70
6.6 Mean and Standard Deviation of the Binomial Distribution 73
¦ ix
6.7 Simulation of Binomial Distributions, Using Minitab for Windows 74
6.8 Poisson Distribution, an Introduction 75
6.9 Some Examples of Poisson Variables 75
6.10 The General Poisson Distribution 75
6.11 Calculating Poisson Probabilities, an Example 76
6.12 Mean and Standard Deviation of the Poisson Distribution 77
6.13 Poisson Probabilities Using Tables and Minitab for Windows 77
6.14 Simulation of Poisson Distribution Using Minitab for Windows 80
6.15 Poisson Approximation to the Binomial Distribution 80
6.16 Summary 81
Worksheet 6: The Bernoulli, Binomial, and Poisson Distributions 81
7 Continuous Probability Distributions 87
7.1 Introduction 87
7.2 The Normal Distribution 89
7.3 An Example of a Normal Distribution 90
7.4 Normal Probabilities Using Minitab for Windows 93
7.5 Simulation of the Normal Distribution Using Minitab for Windows 94
7.6 Rectangular Distribution 95
7.7 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution 96
7.8 Summary 97
Worksheet 7: The Normal and Rectangular Distributions 98
8 Samples and Populations 101
8.1 Introduction 101
8.2 Reasons for Sampling 102
8.3 Sampling Methods 102
8.4 Sample Size 104
8.5 Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean 106
8.6 Simulation of the Sampling Distribution of
the Sample Mean Using Minitab 108
8.7 Summary 109
Worksheet 8: Samples and Populations 110
9 Confidence Interval Estimation 115
9.1 Introduction 115
9.2 95% Confidence Intervals 116
9.3 Calculating a 95% Confidence Interval
for the Mean, /x., of a Population: Large Sample Size 117
9.4 Calculating a 95% Confidence Interval
for the Mean, /u., of a Population: Small Sample Size 120
9.5 The t Distribution 123
9.6 The Choice of Sample Size When Estimating
the Mean of a Population 124
9.7 Degrees of Freedom 125
9.8 95% Confidence Interval for a Binomial Probability 126
9.9 The Choice of Sample Size When
Estimating a Binomial Probability 127
x ¦ Essential Statistics
9.10 95% Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Population
of Differences: Paired Samples Data, and Including Minitab 128
9.11 95% Confidence Interval for the Difference
in the Means of Two Populations, Unpaired
Samples Data, and Including Minitab 130
9.12 Summary 134
Worksheet 9: Confidence Interval Estimation 134
10 Hypothesis Testing 139
10.1 Introduction 139
10.2 What is a Hypothesis? 140
10.3 Which is the Null Hypothesis and Which
is the Alternative Hypothesis? 141
10.4 What is a Significance Level? 141
10.5 What is a Test Statistic, and How do We Calculate It? 142
10.6 How do We Find the Tabulated Test Statistic? 143
10.7 How do We Compare the Calculated and the
Tabulated Test Statistics? 143
10.8 What is Our Conclusion, and What Assumptions Have We Made? 144
10.9 Using p Values Instead of Tables 144
10.10 Hypothesis Test for the Mean, fi, of a Population 145
10.11 Two Examples of Tests with One Sided Alternative Hypotheses 146
10.12 Hypothesis Test for a Binomial Probability 147
10.13 Hypothesis Test for the Mean of a
Population of Differences, Paired Samples Data 149
10.14 Hypothesis Test for the Difference between
the Means of Two Populations, Unpaired Samples Data 150
10.15 Hypothesis Test for the Equality of the Variances
of Two Normally Distributed Populations 152
10.16 The Effect of Choosing Significance
Levels Other Than 5% 153
10.17 What if the Assumptions of a Hypothesis Test are not Valid? 153
10.18 The Connection between Confidence
Interval Estimation and Hypothesis Testing 154
10.19 Summary 154
Worksheet 10: Hypothesis Testing Including /, z, and F Tests 155
11 Nonparatnetric Hypothesis Tests l6l
11.1 Introduction 161
11.2 Sign Test for the Median of a Population 161
11.3 Sign Test for the Median of a Population
of Differences, Paired Samples Data 164
11.4 Sign Test for Large Sample Sizes (« 10) 165
11.5 Sign Test Using Minitab for Windows 166
11.6 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for the Median
of a Population of Differences, Paired Samples Data 167
11.7 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for Large Sample Sizes (n 25) 169
11.8 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Using Minitab for Windows 170
¦ xi
11.9 Mann Whitney U Test for the Difference between the
Medians of Two Populations, Unpaired Samples Data 171
11.10 Mann Whitney U Test for Large Sample Sizes (nj or n2 20) 173
11.11 Mann Whitney U Test Using Minitab 174
11.12 Summary 175
Worksheet 11: Sign Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test,
Mann Whitney U Test 176
12 An Introduction to the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 179
12.1 Introduction 179
12.2 An ANOVA Example 179
12.3 The Connection between the Unpaired Samples
t Test and the F Test in ANOVA 184
12.4 ANOVA to Compare Four Means, an Example 185
12.5 A Posterior Test if Ho is Rejected in ANOVA 188
12.6 ANOVA to Compare Means, Using Minitab for Windows 190
12.7 Summary 192
Worksheet 12: ANOVA 192
13 Association of Categorical Variables 195
13.1 Introduction 195
13.2 Contingency Tables 195
13.3 X2 Test of Independence, 2X2 Contingency Table Data 196
13.4 x2 Test of Independence, 3X3 Table 199
13 5 X2 Test of Independence, Using Minitab for Windows 201
13.6 Fisher Exact Test 202
13.7 X2 Trend Test 205
13.8 Summary 206
Worksheet 13: Association of Categorical Variables 207
14 Correlation of Quantitative Variables 211
14.1 Introduction 211
14.2 Pearson s Correlation Coefficient 212
14.3 Hypothesis Test for Pearson s Population Correlation Coefficient, p 215
14.4 The Interpretation of Significant and
Nonsignificant Correlation Coefficients 216
14.5 Spearman s Rank Correlation Coefficient 219
14.6 Hypothesis Test for Spearman s Rank Correlation Coefficient 221
14.7 Spearman s Coefficient in the Case of Ties 221
14.8 Correlation Coefficients Using Minitab for Windows 223
14.9 Summary 224
Worksheet 14: Correlation of Quantitative Variables 225
15 Regression Analysis, An Introduction 231
15.1 Introduction 231
15.2 Determining the Regression Equation, an Example 232
15.3 Plotting the Regression Line on the Scatter Diagram 234
15.4 Predicting Values of y 235
xii ¦ Essential Statistics
15.5 Residuals 236
15.6 ANOVA in Regression Analysis 236
15.7 More Inferences in Regression Analysis 240
15.8 Regression Analysis Using Minitab for Windows 241
15.9 Summary 245
Worksheet 15: Regression Analysis 246
16 Goodness of Fit Tests 251
16.1 Introduction 251
16.2 Goodness of Fit for a Simple Proportion Distribution 251
16.3 Goodness of Fit for a Binomial Distribution 254
16.4 Goodness of Fit for a Poisson Distribution 256
16.5 The Shapiro Wilk Test For Normality 258
16.6 Summary 260
Worksheet 16: Goodness of Fit Tests 260
Appendix A Statistical Formulae 265
Appendix B Solutions to Worksheets 275
Appendix C Statistical Tables 313
Appendix D Glossary of Symbols 347
Appendix E Introduction to Minitab for Windows 351
Index 355
|
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author | Rees, D. G. |
author_facet | Rees, D. G. |
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callnumber-sort | QA 3276.12 |
callnumber-subject | QA - Mathematics |
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ctrlnum | (OCoLC)45172915 (DE-599)BVBBV014849079 |
dewey-full | 519.5 |
dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
dewey-ones | 519 - Probabilities and applied mathematics |
dewey-raw | 519.5 |
dewey-search | 519.5 |
dewey-sort | 3519.5 |
dewey-tens | 510 - Mathematics |
discipline | Mathematik Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
edition | 4. ed. |
format | Book |
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isbn | 1584880074 |
language | English |
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physical | XXI, 361 S. graph. Darst. |
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series2 | Texts in statistical science |
spelling | Rees, D. G. Verfasser aut Essential statistics D. G. Rees 4. ed. Boca Raton [u.a.] Chapman & Hall/CRC 2001 XXI, 361 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Texts in statistical science [50] Hypothesetoetsing gtt Regressieanalyse gtt Statistiek gtt Statistische betrouwbaarheid gtt Waarschijnlijkheid (statistiek) gtt Statistik Statistics Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s DE-604 Texts in statistical science [50] (DE-604)BV022819715 50 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010045651&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Rees, D. G. Essential statistics Texts in statistical science Hypothesetoetsing gtt Regressieanalyse gtt Statistiek gtt Statistische betrouwbaarheid gtt Waarschijnlijkheid (statistiek) gtt Statistik Statistics Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
title | Essential statistics |
title_auth | Essential statistics |
title_exact_search | Essential statistics |
title_full | Essential statistics D. G. Rees |
title_fullStr | Essential statistics D. G. Rees |
title_full_unstemmed | Essential statistics D. G. Rees |
title_short | Essential statistics |
title_sort | essential statistics |
topic | Hypothesetoetsing gtt Regressieanalyse gtt Statistiek gtt Statistische betrouwbaarheid gtt Waarschijnlijkheid (statistiek) gtt Statistik Statistics Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Hypothesetoetsing Regressieanalyse Statistiek Statistische betrouwbaarheid Waarschijnlijkheid (statistiek) Statistik Statistics Einführung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010045651&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV022819715 |
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