St. Helena and Ascension Island: a natural history
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oswestry
Nelson
2000
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 475 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0904614611 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | St Helena
and Ascension Island:
a natural history
Philip and Myrtle^Ashmole
Photographs by Philip Ashmole
Maps and figures by Myrtle Ashmole
Anthony Nelson
Contents
Parti
Part II
2 The island and its people 37
Discovery and early visitors 3 7
The colony and its history 39
The Saints today 44
3 The physical environment 47
Landforms and geology 47
The volcano and the island 47
The rocks of St Helena 49
Dykes and sills 52
Erosion and weathering 52
Soils 54
- Sea level changes and the size of St Helena 5 5
Sand and limestone 5 7
Caves 58
Earthquakes 59
Climate 59
Winds 59
Temperature 60
Cloud and rain 60
Hydrology 62
Surrounding sea 63
Dedication 10
Acknowledgements 11
Preface 13
Volcanoes in the sea
1 The islands come to life 19
From the depths of the ocean 19
Early arrivals 23
Colonisation by flowering plants 24
Colonisation by animals 26
Getting established 30
St Helena
4 The native plants and their discovery 65
Discovery of the St Helena flora 65
Origin and evolution of the native plants 67
Group 1 Relict endemic genera 68
Group 2 Old endemic species 69
Group 3 Young endemic species 70
Group 4 Indigenous non-endemic species 70
A reconstruction of the pristine vegetation 70
Fossils from the distant past - a detective story 73 i
5 The animals: discovery, evolution and extinction 81
Discovery and evolution of invertebrates 81
The St Helena Green Turtle population 89
Marine mammals 90
Native birds in historical times 91
Introduced birds 95
Ancient bird communities 96
6 The major habitats on land today 109
Stacks and islands 109
Shore 110
Cliffs 112
Semi-desert zone 114
Prosperous Bay Plain - a unique animal habitat 116
Scrub zone 118
Lantana dominated scrub 119
Tungy dominated scrub 119
Scrub dominated by Wild Coffee Poison Peach and Black Olive 120
Animals of the scrub zone 120
Ruperts Valley 121
Jamestown and the Heart Shape Waterfall 121
Creeper waste 122
Arable land, pasture and New Zealand Flax 123
Woodland 124
The central ridge — 125
Freshwater 128
Caves and underground spaces 131
7 Ecological history of St Helena since 1502 133
The devastation of the native vegetation 134
The vanishing Great Wood - a case study 149
The rise of the alien plants 155
8 Caring for the wild life of the island 159
Conservation of the endemic plants 160
Conservation of dolphins, turtles and birds 165
Conservation of insects and other invertebrates 167
Broader issues 168
Part III Ascension Island
9 The island and people 175
Location and admin istration 175
Discovery and occupation 176
Human activities in the 20th century 179
10 The physical environment 183
Landforms and geology 183
The volcano and the island 183
The rocks of Ascension 183
Other geological features 188
Changes in sea level 189
Caves 189
Climate 190
Surrounding sea 191
11 The animals and plants: a historical view 195
Animals on the pristine island 195
Native vegetation and the impact of goats 198
The arrival of rats and mice 202
Seabird decline and the feral cats 203
The other introduced animals 207
Plant introductions and transformation of the vegetation 208
12 Turtle migration, bird biology and animals of the clinker 217
Turtle migration, plate tectonics and molecular biology 217
Seabird biology 224
The search for subfossil bird bones 231
Animals of clinker and caves: colonisation, ecology and evolution on
a young volcanic island 233
13 The major habitats on land today 241
The coast and coastal pools 241
Boatswainbird Island 243
Stacks and coastal cliffs 245
The lava desert 246
The middle levels 248
Green Mountain 250
14 Conservation and ecological restoration 251
Protection of volcanic landscapes 252
Conservation of endemic plants 253
Conservation of invertebrates 254
Conservation of turtles 254
Restoration of seabird populations and the eradication of feral cats and rats 255
Part IV Animals and plants of St Helena and Ascension Island
15 Animals 259
Mammals 260
Reptiles 267
Amphibians and freshwater fish 2 70
Birds 271
Invertebrates other than arthropods 293
Arthropods other than insects 301
Insects 329
16 Plants 403
Conifers and flowering plants 404
Ferns 456
Bryophytes 466
Bibliography 467
Index 477
List of figures
Endpaper (front) St Helena
Endpaper (back) Ascension Island
Frontispiece Birth of an oceanic island
Chapter 1
1 Atlantic Ocean 20
2 Hotspots and plate boundaries in the Atlantic Ocean 21
3 Surface circulation in the South Atlantic 26
Chapter 3
4 St Helena volcano 47
5 St Helena: phases of volcanism 48
6 St Helena: exposed rock types 49
7 Worldwide sea level changes in the last 250 000 years 55
8 St Helena and its wave-cut platform 56
9 Productivity in the South Atlantic 62
Chapter 4
10 Modern and fossil pollen grains 75
Chapter 5
11 Giant Earwig Labidum herculeana 81
12 Giant Beetle Aplothorax burchelli 82
13 John Charles Melliss 83
14 Peter Mundy s strange creature 91
15 Fossil bones of extinct St Helena Rail Atlantisia podarces 99
16 Fossil bones of extinct St Helena Hoopoe Upupa antaios 100
Chapter 6
17 Bridled Dolphin Stenella attenuata 110
18 lais aquilei caring for its young 129
Chapter 7
19 Extract from St Helena Records 1709 139
20 Map of the Great Wood 1716 151
21 Burchell s drawing of the Great Wood 1809 154
Chapter 10
22 Ascension Island geology 184
Chapter 11
23 Peter Mundy s Rail 196
24 Waterloo Plain (the airfield) photographed in the 1920s 201
Chapter 12
2 5 Turtle migration from Ascension Island 218
26 Timing of breeding of Ascension seabirds 1957-59 227
27 Section through the fumaroles 232
28 Skull and leg bone of extinct Ascension Rail 232
29 The giant pseudoscorpion and a smaller relative 236
Chapter 13
30 Anchialine shrimps in a coral pool 242
List of colour plates
1-8 St Helena facing page 64
9-16 Ascension Island facing page 192
17-24 Animals of the islands facing page 320
25-32 Plants of the islands facing page 428
|
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| spelling | Ashmole, Philip Verfasser aut St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history Philip and Myrtle Ashmole Oswestry Nelson 2000 475 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ecologie gtt Fauna gtt Flora (biologie) gtt Natuurbehoud gtt Botany Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Botany Saint Helena Natural history Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Natural history Saint Helena Zoology Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Zoology Saint Helena Natur (DE-588)4041358-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Ascension (DE-588)4086002-4 gnd rswk-swf Sankt Helena (DE-588)4051605-2 gnd rswk-swf Sankt Helena (DE-588)4051605-2 g Natur (DE-588)4041358-5 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 Ascension (DE-588)4086002-4 g Ashmole, Myrtle Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009965906&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ashmole, Philip Ashmole, Myrtle St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history Ecologie gtt Fauna gtt Flora (biologie) gtt Natuurbehoud gtt Botany Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Botany Saint Helena Natural history Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Natural history Saint Helena Zoology Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Zoology Saint Helena Natur (DE-588)4041358-5 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041358-5 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4086002-4 (DE-588)4051605-2 |
| title | St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history |
| title_auth | St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history |
| title_exact_search | St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history |
| title_full | St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history Philip and Myrtle Ashmole |
| title_fullStr | St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history Philip and Myrtle Ashmole |
| title_full_unstemmed | St. Helena and Ascension Island a natural history Philip and Myrtle Ashmole |
| title_short | St. Helena and Ascension Island |
| title_sort | st helena and ascension island a natural history |
| title_sub | a natural history |
| topic | Ecologie gtt Fauna gtt Flora (biologie) gtt Natuurbehoud gtt Botany Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Botany Saint Helena Natural history Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Natural history Saint Helena Zoology Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Zoology Saint Helena Natur (DE-588)4041358-5 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ecologie Fauna Flora (biologie) Natuurbehoud Botany Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Botany Saint Helena Natural history Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Natural history Saint Helena Zoology Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) Zoology Saint Helena Natur Geschichte Ascension Sankt Helena |
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