The biology of viruses:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York
McGraw-Hill
2002
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Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | XV, 408 S. Ill., graph. Darst. : 24 cm |
ISBN: | 0072370319 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | The Biology of Viruses
Second Edition
Bruce A Vpyles
Patricia Armstrong Johnson Professor of Biological Chemistry
Professor of Biology
Grinnell College
Grinnell, Iowa
Me
Grauu
Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl New York San Francisco St Louis
Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
1CHAPTER
Viruses and Host Cells 1
What Is a Virus? 2
Where Are Viruses Found in Nature? 4
What Are the Physical Properties of Viruses? 5
Size 5
The Genome 5
Virion Architecture 6
What Structural Features of Cells Are Important in Their Role as Viral Hosts? 13
Animal Cells 13
Plant Cells 14
Pmkaryotic Cells 14
Appendages 18
What Genetic Features of Cells Are Important in the Virus-Host Cell Interaction? 19
The Organization of the Host Cell Genome 19
Posttranscriptional Modification ofmRNA 20
intentaiCompartmentalization 21
The Cell Cycle 21
How Does a Virus Reproduce? 22
What Are the Basic Techniques Used to Study the Virus-Host Cell Interaction? 23
Animal Virus Techniques 24
Plant Virus Techniques 27
How Are Viruses Named? 28
The Baltimore Classification 29
Summary: What Is a Virus? 31
vl I Contents
CHAPTER/
Getting In: Attachment, Penetration,
and Uncoating 3fi
Why Does a Virus Infect Only Certain Cells and Not Others? 36
What Types of Interactions Occur Between the Virion and the Cell Surface
During Attachment? 38
How Do Bacteriophages Recognize Their Host Cells? 41
T4 Attachment to E coli 42
Other Bacteriophages 44
How Do Bacteriophages Introduce Their Nucleic Acids into Host Cells? 46
Penetration by the Coliphages T2 and T4 46
Other Bacteriophages 49
How Do Animal Viruses Recognize Their Host Cells? 50
Attachment by Naked Viruses 51
Attachment by Enveloped Viruses 53
How Do Animal Viruses Enter Their Host Cells and Uncoat Their Nucleic Acids? 58
General Mechanisms of Penetration and Uncoating 58
Fusion Proteins 60
Penetration by Enveloped Viruses: Fusion with the Plasma Membrane 61
Penetration by Enveloped Viruses: Endocytosis 66
Penetration by Naked Viruses 69
Transport of the Viral Genome into the Nucleus 69
How Do Plant Viruses Infect Their Host Cells? 69
Summary 71
CHAPTER
Expressi p
in Prokaryotic Hosts 75
on and Replication of the Viral Genome
Prok
What Are the Essential Features of Genome Replication and Expression
in Prokaryotes? 76
DNA Replication in Prokaryotes 76
Transcription in Prokaryotes 78
Translation in Prokaryotes 79
What Strategies Do Prokaryotic Viruses Use to Facilitate Replication
and Expression of Their Genomes? 80
What Structural Features Characterize the Genomes of the Double-Stranded
DNA Bacteriophages? 83
The T-Series Coliphages 83
Contents I vii
How Do the T-Odd Coliphages Express and Replicate Their Genomes? 85
The Bacteriophage T7 85
The Bacteriophage T5 89
How Do the T-Even Coliphages Express and Replicate Their Genomes? 89
How Does Lambda Virus Express and Replicate Its Genome? 94
How Do Single-Stranded DNA Bacteriophages Express and Replicate
Their Genomes? 100
How Do RNA Bacteriophages Replicate and Express Their Genomes? 104
General Features of RNA Bacteriophage Replication 104
The Genomes of the RNA Bacteriophages Q/3 and MS2 107
How Do the RNA Bacteriophages Regulate the Amount of Each Protein
Synthesized During Their Replication? 108
Summary 113
CHAPTERT
{Expression and Replication of the Viral Genome
in Eukaryotic Hosts; The RNA Viruses 11s
What Features of a Eukaryotic Cell s Genetic System Influence
Viral Replication and Gene Expression? 116
What Structural Features Distinguish the Positive-Strand RNA
Viruses of Animals? 118
What Strategies Do the Animal Positive-Strand Viruses Use to
Express and Replicate Their Polycistronic Genomes? 120
Picornaviruses 121
How Are Host and Poliovirus mRNAs Distinguished? 124
How Is Translation of Poliovirus mRNA Begun? 125
How Does Poliovirus Replicate Its Genome? 126
Togaviruses 129
Coronaviruses 133
How Is a Nested Set of mRNAs Synthesized? 135
What Strategies Do Plant Positive-Strand Viruses Use to Express
and Replicate Their Genomes? 137
What Structural Features Distinguish the Negative-Strand RNA Viruses? 140
What Strategies Do Negative-Strand Viruses Use to Express
and Replicate Their Genomes? 143
Rhabdoviruses 143
Paramyxovi ruses 145
Filoviruses 145
Orthomyxoviruses 147
Can a Viral Genome Have Both Positive- and Negative-Strand RNA? 150
viii I Contents
How Do Double-Stranded RNA Viruses Express and Replicate Their Genomes? 151
What Structural Features Distinguish the Retroviruses from Other Positive-Strand
RNA Viruses? 154
How Does Reverse Transcription Work? 157
How Does Retrovirus Proviral DNA Become Incorporated into the
Host Cell s Genome? 160
How Are Retrovirus Genes Expressed? 162
How Do Retroviruses Replicate Their Genomes? 163
How Do the Lentiviruses Differ from the Oncoviruses? 164
Functions of the HIV-1 Regulatory and Accessory Gene Products 165
Summary 167
CHAPTERj
Expression and Replication of the Viral Genome
in Eukaryotic Hosts: The DNA Viruses 171
What Structural Features Distinguish Eukaryotic DNA Viruses? 172
What Outcomes Are Possible When a DNA Virus Infects an Animal Cell? 175
How Do Animal Viruses with Double-Stranded DNA Genomes Express and Replicate
Those Genomes? 177
The Papovaviruses 177
The Adenoviruses 181 •
The Herpesviruses 184
The Poxviruses 186
How Do Animal Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Express and Replicate
Their Genomes? 188
How Do Plant Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Express and Replicate Their Genomes? 191
What Features Set-Hepadnaviruses and Caulimoviruses Apart from Other Eukaryotic
DNA Viruses ? 193
The Hepadnaviruses 193
The Caulimoviruses 197
Summary 199
CHAPTERO
Assembly, Maturation, and Release of Virions 201
What Is the Evidence That Viruses Self-Assemble? 202
What Basic Strategies Are Used to Assemble Capsids? 203
How Are Rigid Helical Virions Assembled? 203
How Does the Assembly of Flexible and Rigid Helical Capsids Differ? 209
Contents I ix
How Are the Capsids of Icosahedral RNA Viruses Assembled? 210
The Assembly of Poliovirus 213
How Is the RNA Arranged in an Icosahedral Capsid? 215
How Are Simple Icosahedral DNA Bacteriophages Assembled? 215
How Are the Capsids of Complex Bacteriophages Assembled? 219
What Strategies Do DNA Bacteriophages Use to Fill Their Capsids? 220
How Are the Icosahedral DNA Viruses of Eukaryotes Assembled? 223
How Do Viruses with Segmented Genomes Ensure That Virions Contain
a Copy of Each Segment? 223
How Do Viruses Exit Their Host Cells? 224
How Do Naked Viruses Exit Their Host Cells? 224
How Do Enveloped Viruses Acquire Their Envelopes? 225
How Do Nucleocapsids Identify Modified Membrane Locations for Budding? 227
How Does a Virus Target a Particular Membrane Region as the Site of Budding? 227
Do All Viruses Bud Through the Cytoplasmic Membrane? 229
Summary 232
CHAPTER /
Effects of Viral Infection on Host Cells:
Cytological and Inductive Effects ?35
What Morphological Changes in Host Cells Are Associated with Viral Infections? 236
What Causes Cytopathic Effects in Animal Cells? 240
What Strategies Do Viruses Use to Inhibit Eukaryotic Host Cell Protein Synthesis? 241
Competition 243
Inhibition of Host mRNA Transport from the Nucleus 244
Degradation of Host mRNA 244
Blockage of Initiation Complex Formation 245
Covalent Modification of Translation-Related Components 245
Increases in Intracellular Cation Concentrations 248
Viral Inhibitory Factors 249
How Do Viruses Inhibit the Transcription of Their Hosts Genomes? 250
How Do Viruses Inhibit the Replication of Their Hosts Genomes? 251
How Do Bacteriophages Inhibit the Metabolism of Their Host Cells? 251
How Do Host Cells Fight Back Against the Viruses That Infect Them? 253
What Types of Antiviral Defenses Do Prokaryotic Cells Have? 253
What Types of Antiviral Defenses Do Eukaryotic Cells Have? 256
Interferon Proteins and Interferon Genes 257
Synthesis of Interferon 257
The Action of Interferon 258
x I Contents
The Antiviral State 260
The 2,5-OligoA System 260
The Protein Kinase System 262
Other Interferon-Related Activities 262
What Countermeasures Do Viruses Have to Combat the Host Interferon
System Defenses? 262
What Clinical Use Is Made of Interferon and Other Antiviral Agents? 264
Antiviral Drugs 265
Summary 271
CHAPTER O
Effects of Viral Infection on Host Cells:
Integrated Viruses and Persistent Infections 975
Why Is Every Viral Infection Not Productive? 276
What Interaction Between a Bacteriophage and Host Cell Gives Rise
to the Lysogenic State? 279
What Genetic Events Permit a Lambda Virus to Become Lysogenic? 283
How Are the Events Leading to the Lytic Cycle Prevented? 285
How Is X DNA Integration Accomplished? 285
What Determines if a Particular Lambda Virus Infection Results in Lysogeny
or the Complete Lytic Cycle? 286
How Is Lysogeny Reversed? 286
What Effects May Lysogeny Have on the Host Bacterium? 287
What Is the Evolutionary Significance of Lysogeny? 290
Under What Circumstances Do Animal Viruses Become Inserted into Their
Host Cells Genomes? 290
What Effect Does Integration of an Animal Virus Have on a Host Cell? 292
How Do Animal Cells Regulate Their Cell Cycles? 294
How Do Retroviruses Transform Animal Cells? 297
Why Do Viral Oncogenes Cause Transformation When Their Equivalent Cellular
Proto-Oncogenes Do Not? 299
What Mechanisms Besides Viral Oncogenes Do Retroviruses Use to
Transform Cells? 302
How Is Transformation of Animal Cells by DNA Viruses Different from
That Caused by RNA Viruses? 304
What Is the Mechanism of Transformation by DNA Viruses? 304
The Papovaviruses 305
the SV40 T Antigens 306
The Adenoviruses 308
Contents I xi
What Human Tumors May Be Caused by DNA Viruses? 308
The Papillomaviruses 308
The Herpesviruses 310
Besides Integration into the Host Cell Genome, How May a Virus Infection Persist? 311
What Effect Does a Persistent Infection Have on the Host Organism? 314
How Do the Herpesviruses Establish Their Latent Infections? 315
Summary 315
CHAPTER V
Subviral Entities, Viral Evolution,
and Viral Emergence 391
What Structural Features Distinguish Viroids from Viruses? 322
What Proteins Do Viroids Encode? 324
What Host Enzymes Do Viroids Use to Replicate Themselves? 325
What Is the Mechanism of Viroid Replication? 325
How Do Viroids Cause Plant Diseases? 327
What Other Subviral Entities Have Been Found? 327
How Do Satellite RNAs and Satellite Viruses Replicate? 328
How Is Hepatitis Delta Virus Replicated? 329
What Other Subviral Entities Infect Animal Cells? 330
How Do Prions Replicate? 333
Yeast Prion Model Systems 334
What Is the Origin of the Various Types of Subcellular Entities? 334
The Origins of Subviral Entities 336
What Factors Affect Viral Evolution? 337
What Constrains or Counters the Effects of Mutation and Recombination
in the Evolution of Viruses? 338
How Do Nonhuman Viruses Gain the Ability to Infect Humans? 340
Zoonotic Viruses 341
The Origin of HIV 342
Summary 343
Appendix A The Virologist s Toolkit 347
Appendix B CKaracteristics of Selected Viruses 373
Glossary 383
Credits 389
Index 391
|
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spelling | Voyles, Bruce A. Verfasser aut The biology of viruses Bruce A. Voyles 2. ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2002 XV, 408 S. Ill., graph. Darst. : 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Virus Viruses Viren (DE-588)4063589-2 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 gnd rswk-swf Viren (DE-588)4063589-2 s Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s DE-604 Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 s 1\p DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/mh021/2001044142.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/mh021/2001044142.html Table of contents HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009952449&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Voyles, Bruce A. The biology of viruses Virus Viruses Viren (DE-588)4063589-2 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4063589-2 (DE-588)4006851-1 (DE-588)4063597-1 |
title | The biology of viruses |
title_auth | The biology of viruses |
title_exact_search | The biology of viruses |
title_full | The biology of viruses Bruce A. Voyles |
title_fullStr | The biology of viruses Bruce A. Voyles |
title_full_unstemmed | The biology of viruses Bruce A. Voyles |
title_short | The biology of viruses |
title_sort | the biology of viruses |
topic | Virus Viruses Viren (DE-588)4063589-2 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Virus Viruses Viren Biologie Virologie |
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