Imagine there's no country: poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
Inst. for International Economics
2002
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 248 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0881323489 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Imagine there's no country |b poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization |c Surjit S. Bhalla |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, DC |b Inst. for International Economics |c 2002 | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Inkomensverdeling |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Internationalisatie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mondialisation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pauvreté | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Revenu - Répartition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Globalisierung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Poverty | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Income distribution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Globalization | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
I Received Wisdom on Poverty, Inequality, and Growth
1 Overview: New Results on Poverty, Inequality, and Growth in the
Era of Globalization 1
The Issues 3
The Framework and the Data 5
A Bird s Eye View 6
A More Detailed Overview 7
Results on Absolute Poverty 8
Results on Propoor Growth 9
Has Globalization Worsened Inequality? 10
Has Globalization Been Good for Poor People? 11
Research and Monopolies 11
2 The Pattern of Economic Growth, 1950 2000 13
Data and Methods of Estimating Growth 14
Global Levels of Income and Growth 17
Globalization; Divergence 21
Evidence of Convergence or Divergence 23
vii
3 Inequality as We Know It 29
Measuring Inequality 31
Measuring Intertemporal Inequality 32
Simple Inequality Mathematics 32
Inequality: Kuznets Curve and Data Requirements 34
Recent Evidence on Country Inequality 36
The Evidence Once Again 38
Tests of Inequality Change 40
Elasticity of Connection, 1960 2000 44
Country Level Inequality 46
Toward Individual Inequality Estimates 46
Individual Inequality 47
Summing Up: The Facts as We Know Them 50
4 Poverty as We Are Told It Is 51
Defining and Measuring Absolute Poverty 53
Poverty in the United States 54
The World Bank Enters the Poverty Arena 56
First Absolute Poverty Line, Estimates, and Forecasts 57
The Search for an Absolute Absolute Measure 59
Rediscovering the $l a Day Poverty Line 61
The Poverty Line Reduced 63
Evolving World Bank Definitions of Poverty 67
II Discussion of Knowledge on Poverty, Inequality, and Growth and
Analysis of Data and Methodologies
5 Taking Stock of the Facts 69
The Global Pie, 1960 2000 70
Inequality Trends â„¢
Poverty Trends 74
Not Propoor Growth ^
Is the Conventional Wisdom Correct? **
Facts and Figures 7
The Importance of Data 77
Duck and Smell Tests to Differentiate 78
Experts Debate 78
Elasticity of the Gini with Growth 79
Poverty Smell Tests 82
The Need for Alternative Studies 87
6 Recounting Poor People 91
Definitions and Methods 93
Using Different PPP Exchange Rates 93
vili
Differences between World Bank Consumption and and Official PPPs 95
All Indians Were Dead in 1950, or 1960 99
7 Surveys and National Accounts: Can a Choice Be Made? 103
What Is the Problem? 104
There Is a Problem Even in the United States 106
In Defense of Surveys 107
What Happened to the Survey/National Accounts Ratio? 109
Unintended Consequences of Moving to Survey Means 111
Do National Accounts Estimates Have Problems? 113
Choosing between Surveys and National Accounts 114
By How Much Do Rich People Understate Expenditures? 116
Estimating Undercoverage of Rich People 119
The SAP $1.50 Poverty Line 120
Smell Tests for Indian Poverty Estimates 121
Should Surveys or National Accounts Be Used? Or Both? 126
8 Other Methodological Considerations 129
The Individual versus Countries 129
Simple Accounting Procedure for Generating W3i 131
The Kakwani Method of Estimating a Lorenz Curve 133
Is SAP Accurate? 134
Using SAP to Identify Errors in Published Ginis 134
III New Results on Poverty, Inequality, and Growth, Based on Simple
Accounting Procedure Methods
9 Poverty as It Is—and Forecasts for 2015 139
How Much Poverty Is There in the World? 140
Where Did Poverty Decline from 1960 to 2000? 141
The Evolution of World Poverty, 1820 2000 142
A Digression: How Do You Assess the Best? 146
Regional Poverty Trends 147
Time to Raise the Poverty Line 147
Forecasts for 2000 and 2015 149
10 Reinventing the Kuznets Curve: Propoor Growth 151
The Search for Propoor Growth 153
The Growth Poverty Connection 154
Propoor Elasticity 155
Propoor Mathematics 157
Empirical Estimates of Propoor Growth 158
Estimating Propoor Elasticity 159
Has Global Growth Been Propoor? 161
ix
Using Consistent Data 163
Is the Initial Income Distribution Important? 166
A Simple Method for Estimating Propoor Growth 167
Forecast of Poverty in 2015 168
11 Inequality as It Is 173
SAR Results for World Inequality, 1950 2000 174
Regions and Indices 175
Individual Inequality Studies Compared 177
How Accurate Are the SAP Estimates? 181
Poor People Have a High Elasticity of Connection 182
What Happened with Global Inequality? 183
The Relationship between Growth and Inequality 185
The Middle Class 186
12 Globalization: A Second Look 189
Income: Before and After 190
Convergence: New Results 190
Catch Up with Globalization 191
Is There a Poverty Terrorism Connection? 196
The Evolution of Living Standards, 1960 2000 196
13 Conclusion: Roads Not Taken 201
Different Forks for Different Folks 202
Answers to Often Asked Questions 204
Appendix A The Simple Accounting Procedure Dataset 207
Appendix B Estimation of the Lorenz Curve, and Its Accuracy 211
Appendix C Basic Data for the Simple Accounting Procedure 217
References 225
Index 235
Tables
Table 1.1 Some new and different results for poverty, inequality, and
growth in the era of globalization, 1980 2000 3
Table 2.1 Annualized per capita growth rates according to various
measures of GDP 16
Table 2.2 GDP of global regions, 1950 2000 17
Table 2.3 Population of global regions, 1950 2000 18
Table 2.4 Per capita daily income of global regions, 1950 2000 18
Table 3.1 Country and regional inequality; Gini and quintile income shares 39
Table 4.1 Calorie intake in the United States, 1971 74 60
Table 4.2 What is the $l a day poverty line at 1993 prices: $1.08 (World
Bank) or $1.30 (SAP)? 66
Table 5.1 Global regions shares of income and population 71
Table 5.2 Income growth and poverty change of global regions, 1987 99 85
Table 6.1 Differences in income and consumption purchasing power
parity exchange rates, 1993 95
Table 6.2 Which data do you believe? Per capita consumption, 1993 99
Table 7.1 Ratio of surveys to national accounts: Disturbing trends 109
Table 7.2 Elasticity of survey means to national accounts means 110
Table 7.3 Estimates of income and consumption per capita, circa 1993 112
Table 9.1 Poverty over the years 141
Table 9.2 Where did poverty decline? 143
Table 9.3 Poverty reduction yied of growth 145
Table 9.4 Poverty in the world, 1950 2000 148
Table 10.1 Shape of the distribution elasticity, 1960 2000 160
Table 10.2 Estimates of the growth model, India and the developing
world, 1950 2000 162
Table 10.3 Relationship between growth and poverty reduction:
Evidence from India and international sources 165
Table 10.4 Change in income and consumption, 1980 2000 169
Table 10.5 Forecast of poverty, 2015 170
Table 12.1 Muslim and non Muslim incomes in the developing world,
1950 99 197
Table 12.2 Indices of living standards for the world, 1960 2000 198
Table 12.3 Indices of living standards for the developing world, 1960 2000 199
Table A.I Data for the simple accounting procedure 209
Table B.I How good is the simple accounting procedure? Testing with
the National Sample Survey data from India, 1993 98 215
Table B.2 How error free are published Ginis? 216
Table C.I Basic SAP data on incomes and distribution, 1960 2000 218
Figures
Figure 2.1 Average per capita daily incomes of global regions, 1950,
1980, and 2000 19
Figure 2.2 Annual per capita income growth before and during the
globalization era 20
Figure 2.3 Ratios of mean income of the United States and of the
poorest country 25
Figure 2.4 Convergence or divergence? It depends 26
xi
Figure 3.1 World Lorenz curve, 1950,1980, and 2000 32
Figure 3.2 The time dimension of world inequality change, 1960 2000 41
Figure 3.3 Elasticity of incomes of poor people with respect to
average incomes 42
Figure 5.1 Changing patterns of world income and population shares 72
Figure 5.2 Elasticity of world Gini with respect to excess growth in
industrialized countries 80
Figure 7.1 Example of mismatch, survey and national accounts, India,
1993 94 118
Figure 7.2 National accounts adjustment multipliers for different
deciles, India, 1993 94 119
Figure 7.3 Alternative estimates of the number of poor people in
India, 1999 123
Figure 7.4 Per capita consumption in the developing world 126
Figure 8.1 How good is the SAP method? Evidence from the United
States, 1967 98 135
Figure 8.2 Ginis compared: Original source and simple accounting
procedure, selected countries 136
Figure 8.3 Ginis compared, original source and simple accounting
procedure, other selected countries 137
Figure 9.1 World poverty, 1820 2000 144
Figure 10.1 World cumulative distribution of per capita consumption,
1987 156
Figure 10.2 Growth is sufficient: Actual and predicted poverty reduction
in the developing world, 1950 2000 164
Figure 11.1 World individual income and consumption inequality,
1950 2000 I74
Figure 11.2 An inexorable trend toward less inequality? World income
distribution, 1973 and 2000 I75
Figure 11.3 World income distribution, 1960, 1980, and 2000 176
Figure 11.4 SAP regional measures of income inequality, 1960 2000 177
Figure 11.5 SAP regional measures of income inequality, 1960 2000 178
Figure 11.6 Proper tests of intercountry convergence, 1950 2000 179
Figure 11.7 World individual income inequality estimates, according
to surveys and national accounts, 1950 2000 181
Figure 11.8 Elasticities of connection: Quintile 1 and quintile 5 to mean
income, 1960 2000 I83
Figure 11.9 Middle class share in own population 1°7
Figure 11.10 Share of each region in various income levels 188
Figure 12.1 US income relative to that of developing regions, 1960 2000 192
Figure 12.2 Globalization and big time convergence 194
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| id | DE-604.BV014629362 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:04:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0881323489 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2002027329 |
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| physical | XIX, 248 S. graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Inst. for International Economics |
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| spelling | Bhalla, Surjit S. Verfasser (DE-588)170117685 aut Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization Surjit S. Bhalla Washington, DC Inst. for International Economics 2002 XIX, 248 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Armoede gtt Economische groei gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Internationalisatie gtt Mondialisation Pauvreté Revenu - Répartition Globalisierung Poverty Income distribution Globalization Globalisierung (DE-588)4557997-0 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Globalisierung (DE-588)4557997-0 s Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 s DE-604 Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 s Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s DE-188 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy036/2002027329.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009940396&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bhalla, Surjit S. Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization Armoede gtt Economische groei gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Internationalisatie gtt Mondialisation Pauvreté Revenu - Répartition Globalisierung Poverty Income distribution Globalization Globalisierung (DE-588)4557997-0 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4557997-0 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4013898-7 (DE-588)4066527-6 (DE-588)4002963-3 |
| title | Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization |
| title_auth | Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization |
| title_exact_search | Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization |
| title_full | Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization Surjit S. Bhalla |
| title_fullStr | Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization Surjit S. Bhalla |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imagine there's no country poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization Surjit S. Bhalla |
| title_short | Imagine there's no country |
| title_sort | imagine there s no country poverty inequality and growth in the era of globalization |
| title_sub | poverty, inequality, and growth in the era of globalization |
| topic | Armoede gtt Economische groei gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Internationalisatie gtt Mondialisation Pauvreté Revenu - Répartition Globalisierung Poverty Income distribution Globalization Globalisierung (DE-588)4557997-0 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Armoede Economische groei Inkomensverdeling Internationalisatie Mondialisation Pauvreté Revenu - Répartition Globalisierung Poverty Income distribution Globalization Wirtschaftsentwicklung Einkommensverteilung Wirtschaftswachstum Armut |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy036/2002027329.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009940396&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bhallasurjits imaginetheresnocountrypovertyinequalityandgrowthintheeraofglobalization |