Spatial databases: a tour
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Upper Saddle River, New Jesey
Prentice Hall
2003
|
| Schriftenreihe: | An Alan R. Apt book
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 262 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 0130174807 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Spatial databases |b a tour |c Shashi Shekhar, Sanjay Chawla |
| 264 | 1 | |a Upper Saddle River, New Jesey |b Prentice Hall |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 262 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geographic information systems | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129354104438784 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xv
Preface xvii
Foreword xxi
Foreword xxiii
1 Introduction to Spatial Databases 1
1.1 Overview.......................................................... 1
1.2 Who Can Benefit from Spatial Data Management?..................... 2
1.3 GIS and SDBMS .................................................... 3
1.4 Three Classes of Users for Spatial Databases...................... 4
1.5 An Example of an SDBMS Application ............................... 5
1.6 A Stroll through Spatial Databases .............................. 11
1.6.1 Space Taxonomy and Data Models............................ 11
1.6.2 Query Language............................................ 12
1.6.3 Query Processing.......................................... 13
1.6.4 File Organization and Indices............................. 16
1.6.5 Query Optimization....................................... 18
1.6.6 Data Mining............................................... 19
1.7 Summary.......................................................... 20
Bibliographic Notes.............................................. 20
2 Spatial Concepts and Data Models 22
2.1 Models of Spatial Information *.................................. 23
2.1.1 Field-Based Model......................................... 24
2.1.2 Object-Based Models ...................................... 26
2.1.3 Spatial Data Types........................................ 26
2.1.4 Operations on Spatial Objects............................. 27
2.1.5 Dynamic Spatial Operations................................ 31
2.1.6 Mapping Spatial Objects into Java......................... 32
2.2 Three-Step Database Design....................................... 34
2.2.1 The ER Model............................................ 35
2.2.2 The Relational Model.................................... 37
2.2.3 Mapping the ER Model to the Relational Model.............. 38
2.3 Trends: Extending the ER Model with Spatial Concepts............. 41
2.3.1 Extending the ER Model with Pictograms................. 41
2.4 Trends: Object-Oriented Data Modeling with UML .................. 45
2.4.1 Comparison between ER and UML . ......................... 47
2.5 Summary.......................................................... 48
Bibliographic Notes.............................................. 49
v
vi Contents
3 Spatial Query Languages 52
3.1 Standard Database Query Languages ................................... 53
3.1.1 World Database................................................ 53
3.2 RA . , , ............................................................ 55
3.2.1 The Select and Project Operations............................. 55
3.2.2 Set Operations................................................ 56
3.2.3 Join Operation................................................ 57
3.3 Basic SQL Primer .................................................... 59
3.3.1 DDL .......................................................... 59
3.3.2 DML........................................................... 60
3.3.3 Basic Form of an SQL Query............................... 60
3.3.4 Example Queries in SQL ....................................... 61
3.3.5 Summary of RA and SQL......................................... 64
3.4 Extending SQL for Spatial Data....................................... 64
3.4.1 The OGIS Standard for Extending SQL .......................... 65
3.4.2 Limitations of the Standard................................... 66
3.5 Example Queries that Emphasize Spatial Aspects....................... 67
3.6 Trends: Object-Relational SQL........................................ 71
3.6.1 A Glance at SQL3............................................. 72
3.6.2 Object-Relational Schema..................................... 73
3.6.3 Example Queries............................................... 75
3.7 Summary.............................................................. 75
Bibliographic Notes.................................................. 76
3.8 Appendix: State Park Database....................................... 79
3.8.1 Example Queries in RA......................................... 80
4 Spatial Storage and Indexing 83
4.1 Storage: Disks and Files............................................. 84
4.1.1 Disk Geometry and Implications ............................... 85
4.1.2 Buffer Manager................................................ 86
4.1.3 Field, Record, and File....................................... 87
4.1.4 File Structures............................................. 88
4.1.5 Clustering.................................................... 90
4.2 Spatial Indexing..................................................... 96
4.2.1 Grid Files.................................................... 97
4.2.2 R-Trees....................................................... 99
4.2.3 Cost Models.................................................. 103
4.3 Trends.............................................................. 104
4.3.1 TR*-Tree for Object Decomposition ........................... 104
4.3.2 Concurrency Control.......................................... 105
4.3.3 Spatial Join Index........................................... 107
4.4 Summary . . ........................................................ Ill
Bibliographic Notes................................................. Ill
5 Query Processing and Optimization 114
5.1 Evaluation of Spatial Operations ................................. 115
5.1.1 Overview..................................................... 115
Contents vii
5.1.2 Spatial Operations............................................ 115
5.1.3 Two-Step Query Processing of Object Operations................ 116
5.1.4 Techniques for Spatial Selection.............................. 117
5.1.5 General Spatial Selection .................................... 118
5.1.6 Algorithms for Spatial-Join Operations........................ 119
5.1.7 Strategies for Spatial Aggregate Operation:
Nearest Neighbor.............................................. 122
5.2 Query Optimization................................................... 122
5.2.1 Logical Transformation ....................................... 124
5.2.2 Cost-Based Optimization: Dynamic Programming.................. 127
5.3 Analysis of Spatial Index Structures................................. 129
5.3.1 Enumeration of Alternate Plans................................ 131
5.3.2 Decomposition and Merge in Hybrid Architecture................ 132
5.4 Distributed Spatial Database Systems................................. 132
5.4.1 Distributed DBMS Architecture................................. 134
5.4.2 The Semijoin Operation........................................ 135
5.4.3 Web-Based Spatial Database Systems............................ 136
5.5 Parallel Spatial Database Systems.................................... 138
5.5.1 Hardware Architectures........................................ 139
5.5.2 Parallel Query Evaluation..................................... 140
5.5.3 Application: Real-Time Terrain Visualization.................. 142
5.6 Summary.............................................................. 145
Bibliographic Notes.................................................. 146
6 Spatial Networks 149
6.1 Example Network Databases............................................ 149
6.2 Conceptual, Logical, and Physical Data Models ....................... 151
6.2.1 A Logical Data Model.......................................... 151
6.2.2 Physical Data Models.......................................... 154
6.3 Query Language for Graphs............................................ 157
6.3.1 Shortcomings of RA............................................ 158
6.3.2 SQL CONNECT Clause............................................ 159
6.3.3 Example Queries on the BART System ........................... 161
6.3.4 Trends: SQL3 Recursion........................................ 163
6.3.5 Trends: SQL3 ADTs for Networks................................ 164
6.4 Graph Algorithms..................................................... 165
6.4.1 Path-Query Processing......................................... 166
6.4.2 Graph Traversal Algorithms.................................... 166
6.4.3 Best-First Algorithm for Single Pair (v9d) Shortest Path .... 169
6.4.4 Trends: Hierarchical Strategies .............................. 170
6.5 Trends: Access Methods for Spatial Networks.......................... 173
6.5.1 A Measure of I/O Cost for Network Operations.................. 174
6.5.2 A Graph-Partitioning Approach to Reduce Disk I/O...... 176
6.5.3 CCAM: A Connectivity Clustered Access Method
for Spatial Network........................................... 127
6.5.4 Summary....................................................... 129
Bibliographic Notes.................................................. 129
viii Contents
7 Introduction to Spatial Data Mining 182
7.1 Pattern Discovery...................................................... 183
7.1.1 The Data-Mining Process........................................ 183
7.1.2 Statistics and Data Mining..................................... 185
7.1.3 Data Mining as a Search Problem................................ 185
7.1.4 Unique Features of Spatial Data Mining......................... 185
7.1.5 Famous Historical Examples of Spatial Data Exploration .... 186
7.2 Motivating Spatial Data Mining......................................... 187
7.2.1 An Illustrative Application Domain............................. 187
7.2.2 Measures of Spatial Form and Auto-correlation ................. 189
7.2.3 Spatial Statistical Models..................................... 191
7.2.4 The Data-Mining Trinity........................................ 193
7.3 Classification Techniques.............................................. 194
7.3.1 Linear Regression.............................................. 195
7.3.2 Spatial Regression............................................. 195
7.3.3 Model Evaluation .............................................. 196
7.3.4 Predicting Location Using Map Similarity (PLUMS) .............. 198
7.3.5 Markov Random Fields........................................... 198
7.4 Association Rule Discovery Techniques.................................. 202
7.4.1 Apriori: An Algorithm for Calculating Frequent Itemsets .... 202
7.4.2 Spatial Association Rules...................................... 204
7.4.3 Colocation Rules.............................................. 204
7.5 Clustering............................................................. 206
7.5.1 AMnedoid: An Algorithm for Clustering ......................... 209
7.5.2 Clustering, Mixture Analysis, and the EM Algorithm............. 210
7.5.3 Strategies for Clustering Large Spatial Databases.............. 213
7.6 Spatial Outlier Detection............................................. 215
7.7 Summary................................................................ 221
7.8 Appendix: Bayesian Calculus............................................ 221
7.8.1 Conditional Probability ....................................... 221
7.8.2 Maximum Likelihood............................................. 222
Bibliographic Notes.................................................... 222
8 Trends in Spatiai Databases 227
8.1 Database Support for Field Entities.................................... 227
8.1.1 Raster and Image Operations.................................... 228
8.1.2 Storage and Indexing........................................... 231
8.2 Content-Based Retrieval................................................ 233
8.2.1 Topological Similarity......................................... 233
8.2.2 Directional Similarity ........................................ 234
8.2.3 Distance Similarity............................................ 235
8.2.4 Attribute Relational Graphs.................................... 235
8.2.5 Retrieval Step ................................................ 237
8.3 Introduction to Spatial Data Warehouses ............................... 237
8.3.1 Aggregate Operations........................................... 238
8.3.2 An Example of Geometric Aggregation............................ 240
Contents ix
8.3.3 Aggregation Hierarchy..................................... 242
8.3.4 What Is an Aggregation Hierarchy Used For?................. 245
8.4 Summary .......................................................... 246
Bibliographic Notes.............................................. 246
Bibliography 250
Index
258
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:03:48Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Shekhar, Shashi 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)170860566 aut Spatial databases a tour Shashi Shekhar, Sanjay Chawla Upper Saddle River, New Jesey Prentice Hall 2003 XXIII, 262 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier An Alan R. Apt book Systèmes d'information géographique Geographic information systems Geografischer Raum (DE-588)4156686-5 gnd rswk-swf Datenbank (DE-588)4011119-2 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Geografischer Raum (DE-588)4156686-5 s Datenbank (DE-588)4011119-2 s DE-604 Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s Chawla, Sanjay Verfasser (DE-588)116032476X aut Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009909989&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Shekhar, Shashi 1963- Chawla, Sanjay Spatial databases a tour Systèmes d'information géographique Geographic information systems Geografischer Raum (DE-588)4156686-5 gnd Datenbank (DE-588)4011119-2 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4156686-5 (DE-588)4011119-2 (DE-588)4261642-6 |
| title | Spatial databases a tour |
| title_auth | Spatial databases a tour |
| title_exact_search | Spatial databases a tour |
| title_full | Spatial databases a tour Shashi Shekhar, Sanjay Chawla |
| title_fullStr | Spatial databases a tour Shashi Shekhar, Sanjay Chawla |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial databases a tour Shashi Shekhar, Sanjay Chawla |
| title_short | Spatial databases |
| title_sort | spatial databases a tour |
| title_sub | a tour |
| topic | Systèmes d'information géographique Geographic information systems Geografischer Raum (DE-588)4156686-5 gnd Datenbank (DE-588)4011119-2 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Systèmes d'information géographique Geographic information systems Geografischer Raum Datenbank Geoinformationssystem |
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