Verfügbarkeit: Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy

Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy: a handbook

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer Acad. Publ. 2002
Schriftenreihe:	Contributions to phenomenology 47
Schlagworte:	Ethiek Morale - Histoire Phénoménologie - Histoire Ethik Geschichte Ethics > History Phenomenology > History Phänomenologie Aufsatzsammlung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Includes bibliographical references
Beschreibung:	VII, 576 S.
ISBN:	1402007701

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1811011500786057216
adam_text	CONTENTS 1 EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS IN LIFE: BIOTECHNOLOGY, GENETIC MANIPULATION, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS E.R. GOLD 1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.1 PHYSICAL INNOVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.1.1 DNA AND PROTEIN MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.1.2 CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.1.3 WHOLE ORGANISMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2 INFORMATION AND OTHER INTANGIBLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2.1 DNA SEQUENCES AND CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2.2 PROCESSES USING BIOLOGICAL MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.2.3 BIOINFORMATICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.3 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 INTRODUCTION TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3.1 EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS VS. RIGHTS TO THINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3.2 PROPERTY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.3 TRADE SECRETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.3.1 SUBJECT MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.3.2 REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.4 PATENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.4.1 SUBJECT MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3.4.1.1 INVENTION VS. DISCOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.4.1.2 EXCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.4.2 REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.4.2.1 SUBSTANTIVE CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.4.2.1.1 NOVELTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.4.2.1.2 INVENTIVE STEP (NONOBVIOUSNESS) . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.4.2.1.3 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION (UTILITY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.4.2.2 PROCEDURAL CRITERION: DISCLOSURE . . . . . . . 13 1.3.4.3 REMEDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.5 COPYRIGHT AND DATABASE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.5.1 SUBJECT MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.5.2 REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.5.3 REMEDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.3.6 PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.3.6.1 SUBJECT MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.3.6.2 REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.4 CHALLENGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.4.1 INCENTIVE VS. ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.4.1.1 JUSTIFICATION FOR PROPERTY RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.4.1.2 ECONOMIC REALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.4.2 FAIRNESS TO PROVIDERS OF BIOLOGICAL MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.4.2.1 RIGHTS TO BIOLOGICAL MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.5 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES -MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF PLANTS W. VA N DEVELDE, M. KARIMI, G. DEN HERDER, M. VAN MONTAGU, M. HOLSTERS, AND S. GOORMACHTIG 2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2 ASPECTS INFLUENCING A. RHIZOGENES TRANSFORMATION EFFICIENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.2.1 CHOICE OF A. RHIZOGENES STRAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.2.2 CHOICE OF EXPLANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.2.3 PREPARATION OF BACTERIAL INOCULUM AND INFECTION OF EXPLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.2.4 CO-CULTIVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.3 ESTABLISHING THE TRANSFORMED NATURE OF HAIRY ROOTS . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4 COTRANSFORMATION OF BINARY T-DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.5 PROPAGATION OF HAIRY ROOT LINES IN LIQUID CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.5.1 THE CLONAL STATUS OF HAIRY ROOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.5.2 STABILITY OF LONG-TERM HAIRY ROOT CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.6 REGENERATION OF PLANTS FROM HAIRY ROOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.7 THE MULTI-AUTO-TRANSFORMATION (MAT) VECTOR SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.8 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 PROTOCOL 1: PRODUCTION OF TRANSFORMED HAIRY ROOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 PROTOCOL 2: PLANT REGENERATION FROM HAIRY ROOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 PROTOCOL 3: HAIRY ROOT LIQUID CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3 TRANSFORMATION OF PETUNIA HYBRIDA BY THE AGROBACTERIUM SUSPENSION DROP METHOD S.J. WYLIE, D. TJOKROKUSUMO, AND J.A . MCCOMB 3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.2 TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.3 ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 X CONTENTS 3.3.1 SCREENING PETUNIA SEEDLINGS FOR HERBICIDE RESISTANCE . . . . . 47 3.3.2 TRANSMISSION OF BASTA RESISTANCE PHENOTYPE TO T2 PROGENY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.3.3 B -GLUCURONIDASE ASSAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.3.4 DNA ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.4 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4 ONION, LEEK AND GARLIC TRANSFORMATION BY CO-CULTIVATION WITH AGROBACTERIUM C.C. EADY 4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.1.1 CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF ALLIUM TRANSFORMATION TECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.1.1.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.1.1.2 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.1.1.3 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.1.1.4 INSECT RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.2 ONION TRANSFORMATION PROTOCOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.2.1 TRANSFORMATION USING ANTIBIOTIC AND VISUAL SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2.1.1 BACTERIAL STRAIN AND PLASMIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2.1.2 TRANSFORMATION PROCEDURE (MODIFIED FROM EADY ET AL. 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2.2 TRANSFORMATION USING HERBICIDE SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.2.2.1 BACTERIAL STRAIN AND PLASMIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.2.2.2 TRANSFORMATION PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.2.3 EX-FLASKING AND GROWTH IN CONTAINMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.2.4 TRANSGENE DETECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.2.5 TRANSGENE EXPRESSION AND STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2.5.1 VISUAL REPORTER GENES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2.5.2 EXPRESSION OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.2.5.3 ANTISENSE ALLIINASE GENE EXPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.3 LEEK TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.4 GARLIC TRANSFORMATION PROTOCOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.4.1 BACTERIAL STRAIN AND PLASMIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.4.2 TRANSFORMATION PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5 ELECTROPORATION TRANSFORMATION OF BARLEY F. GUEREL AND N. GOEZUEKIRMIZI 5.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.2 BACKGROUND OF ELECTROPORATION PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 CONTENTS XI 5.2.1 PRE- AND POST-ELECTROPORATION PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.2.2 ELECTRICAL VARIABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.3 CULTURE AND ELECTROPORATION OF BARLEY EXPLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.3.1 PROTOPLASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.3.2 MICROSPORES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.3.3 INTACT TISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.3.3.1 ANALYSIS AND INHERITANCE OF TRANSGENES IN ELECTROPORATED TISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 6 SORGHUM TRANSFORMATION Z. ZHAO AND D. TOMES 6.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 6.2 SORGHUM TRANSFORMATION PROCESS AND OPTIMIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.2.1 PLANT MATERIALS AND TRANSFORMATION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.2.2 TRANSFORMATION VIA MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT . . . . . . . 93 6.2.3 AGROBACTERIUM -MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 6.3 ANALYSIS OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS AND THE PROGENY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 6.3.1 MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF T0 PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 6.3.2 FOREIGN GENE EXPRESSION IN T0 PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 6.3.3 GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE PROGENY . . . . . . . . . . 99 6.4 MARKER-FREE SORGHUM TRANSGENIC PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 6.4.1 IMPORTANCE OF MARKER-FREE TRANSGENICS IN SORGHUM . . . . . . 100 6.4.2 METHODS TO ELIMINATE MARKERS FROM TRANSGENIC PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6.4.3 AGROBACTERIUM 2 T-DNA CO-TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM . . . . . . 101 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 7 TRANSGENIC SUNFLOWER: PEG-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER P.C. BINSFELD 7.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 7.2 GENETIC VARIABILITY AND TRANSGENIC BREEDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 7.3 GENE TRANSFER SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 7.3.1 PEG-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 7.3.1.1 SHORT DNA MOLECULE UPTAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 7.3.1.2 LARGE DNA MOLECULE UPTAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 7.4 PLANT REGENERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 7.5 GENERAL ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 7.5.1 MOLECULAR ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 7.5.1.1 DNA EXTRACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 7.5.1.2 SOUTHERN HYBRIDIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 7.5.1.3 POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 7.5.1.4 RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA . . . . . . . . . . 117 XII CONTENTS 7.5.2 BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 7.5.2.1 MULTIPLE MOLECULAR FORMS OF ENZYMES . . . . . . . . . . 118 7.5.2.2 ENZYMATIC ASSAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 7.5.3 CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 7.5.3.1 FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 7.5.3.2 MITOTIC AND MEIOTIC CELL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 7.5.3.3 IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 7.5.4 MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 7.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 8 TRANSFORMATION OF NORWAY SPRUCE ( PICEA ABIES ) BY PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT D.H. CLAPHAM, H. HAEGGMAN, M. ELFSTRAND, T. ARONEN, AND S. VON ARNOLD 8.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 8.2 TYPES OF PARTICLE ACCELERATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 8.3 TRANSFORMATION OF EMBRYOGENIC CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 8.3.1 TRANSIENT EXPRESSION IN EMBRYOGENIC CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . 128 8.3.2 PRODUCTION OF STABLY TRANSFORMED CELL CULTURES AND TRANSGENIC PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 8.3.3 STABILITY OF TRANSGENE EXPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 8.3.4 TRENDS IN TRANSGENIC PLANT PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 8.4 TRANSFORMATION OF POLLEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 8.4.1 THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF NORWAY SPRUCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 8.4.2 TRANSIENT EXPRESSION IN POLLEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 8.4.3 DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLLED POLLINATION TECHNIQUES FOR BOMBARDED POLLEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 8.5 APPLICATIONS OF TRANSGENIC NORWAY SPRUCE IN RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . 136 8.5.1 GENES REGULATING EMBRYOGENESIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 8.5.2 GENES WITH SIMILARITY TO DEFENSE GENES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 8.6 PROSPECTS FOR TRANSGENIC NORWAY SPRUCE IN PRACTICAL FORESTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 9 WHISKERS-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MAIZE J.F. PETOLINO, M. WELTER, AND C. QIHUA CAI 9.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 9.2 PREPARATION OF PURIFIED DNA FRAGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 9.3 ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYOGENIC SUSPENSION CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 9.4 DNA DELIVERY VIA WHISKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 9.5 TRANSGENE COPY NUMBER ESTIMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 9.6 REGENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS AND PROGENY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 CONTENTS XIII XIV CONTENTS 9.7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 10 GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF SOYBEAN WITH BIOLISTICS D. SIMMONDS 10.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 10.2 TISSUE CULTURE AND PLANT REGENERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 10.2.1 GENOTYPE SPECIFICITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 10.2.2 INITIATION AND REPETITIVE PROLIFERATION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENIC CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 10.2.3 EMBRYO HISTODIFFERENTIATION AND MATURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 10.2.4 GERMINATION, CONVERSION AND PLANT FERTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 10.3 TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 10.3.1 GENE DELIVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 10.3.2 TARGET TISSUE OPTIMIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 10.3.3 SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 10.3.4 TRANSGENIC PLANT RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 10.4 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 10.5 PROTOCOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10.5.1 INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF PROLIFERATIVE EMBRYOGENIC CULTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10.5.2 TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10.5.3 SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 10.5.4 PLANT REGENERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 11 GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF TUNGSTEN MICROPARTICLES UNDER CONDITIONS OF BIOLISTIC TRANSFORMATION J. BUCHOWICZ AND C. KRYSIAK 11.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 11.2 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TUNGSTEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 11.2.1 EARLY OBSERVATIONS ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TUNGSTEN . . . . . 175 11.2.2 CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF SIMPLE TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS . . . . . . . 176 11.2.3 TUNGSTOENZYMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 11.2.4 TUNGSTEN*DNA INTERACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 11.3 TUNGSTEN MICROPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . 178 11.3.1 BIOLISTIC TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 11.3.1.1 AN OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 11.3.1.2 TECHNICAL DETAILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 11.3.2 BIOLISTIC INOCULATION AND RELATED APPLICATIONS OF TUNGSTEN PARTICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 11.4 ASSESSMENT OF TUNGSTEN-INDUCED DNA LESIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 11.4.1 ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF TUNGSTEN-DAMAGED PLASMID DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 11.4.2 A MODIFIED TUNEL METHOD FOR DETECTION OF CELLULAR DNA FRAGMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 11.5 POST-BOMBARDMENT INHIBITION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS . . . . . . . 186 11.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 SUBJECT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 CONTENTS XV
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spelling	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook ed. by John J. Drummond ... Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer Acad. Publ. 2002 VII, 576 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Contributions to phenomenology 47 Includes bibliographical references Ethiek gtt Morale - Histoire Phénoménologie - Histoire Ethik Geschichte Ethics History Phenomenology History Phänomenologie (DE-588)4045660-2 gnd rswk-swf Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 s Phänomenologie (DE-588)4045660-2 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 Drummond, John J. 1945- Sonstige (DE-588)1014189241 oth Contributions to phenomenology 47 (DE-604)BV002430624 47 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009909541&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook Contributions to phenomenology Ethiek gtt Morale - Histoire Phénoménologie - Histoire Ethik Geschichte Ethics History Phenomenology History Phänomenologie (DE-588)4045660-2 gnd Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd
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title	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook
title_auth	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook
title_exact_search	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook
title_full	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook ed. by John J. Drummond ...
title_fullStr	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook ed. by John J. Drummond ...
title_full_unstemmed	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook ed. by John J. Drummond ...
title_short	Phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy
title_sort	phenomenological approaches to moral philosophy a handbook
title_sub	a handbook
topic	Ethiek gtt Morale - Histoire Phénoménologie - Histoire Ethik Geschichte Ethics History Phenomenology History Phänomenologie (DE-588)4045660-2 gnd Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd
topic_facet	Ethiek Morale - Histoire Phénoménologie - Histoire Ethik Geschichte Ethics History Phenomenology History Phänomenologie Aufsatzsammlung
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