Multivariate methods in epidemiology:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2002
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| Series: | Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics
32 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 408 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0195124405 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Multivariate methods in epidemiology |c Theodore R. Holford |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics |v 32 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiologic Methods | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiology |x Statistical methods | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Part I Concepts and Definitions
1. Associations between Exposure and Disease, 3
Strategies for Studying Disease in a Population, 4
Individuals Followed for Equal Times, 4
Individuals Followed for Varying Times, 5
Studies of Cases and Controls, 6
Vital Statistics and Disease Registries, 8
Rationale for Multivariate Methods, 9
Statistical Approaches to Data Analysis, 10
How to Use This Book, 11
2. Models for Disease, 15
Models for the Disease Process, 15
Stochastic Models, 17
Basic Disease Model, 19
Outcomes for Analysis, 20
Theoretical Relationship among Outcomes, 21
Models for the Effect of Factors, 22
Models for Rates, 23
Models for Risks, 31
Summary, 34
xii Contents
Part II Non Regression Methods
3. Analysis of Proportions, 39
Studies That Yield Proportion Responses, 39
Cross Sectional Studies, 40
Cohort Studies, 41
Case Control Studies, 42
A Single Binary Risk Factor, 43
Likelihood Based Inference, 47
Wald Test, 48
Score Test: Pearson Chi Square, 48
Likelihood Ratio Test, 51
Exact Test, 51
Interval Estimates of the Odds Ratio, 54
Logit Method, 54
Cornfield s Method, 55
Exact Method, 56
More Than Two Levels of Exposure, 58
Nominal Categories, 58
Ordered Categories, 62
Stratified Analysis, 63
Cochran and Mantel—Haenszel Tests, 65
Mantel Haenszel Estimator for the Odds Ratio, 68
Testing for Homogeneity of the Odds Ratio, 70
Stratified Analysis of Trends, 73
Summary, 74
Exercises, 75
4. Analysis of Rates, 81
Rates as an Outcome, 82
Censored Observations with Constant Hazard, 82
Population Rates, 85
Standardized Ratios, 86
Comparing Nominal Groups, 88
Score Test for Trend, 94
Stratification, 95
Summary Rates, 97
Summary, 103
Exercises, 104
Contents xiii
5. Analysis of Time to Failure, 109
Estimating Survival Curves, 109
Actuarial Estimate, 110
Piecewise Exponential Estimate, 113
Product Limit Estimate, 115
Graphical Displays, 119
Diagnostic for Constant Hazard, 119
Diagnostic for Weibutt Hazard, 121
Diagnostic for Proportional Hazards, 124
Tests for Comparing Hazards, 126
Piecewise Constant Hazards, 127
Log Rank Test, 129
Stratified Log Rank Test, 132
Types of Incomplete Data, 133
Right Censoring, 133
Left Censoring, 134
Interval Censoring, 135
Summary, 135
Exercises, 136
Part III Regression Methods
6. Regression Models for Proportions, 141
Generalized Linear Model for Proportions, 142
Linear Logistic Model, 144
Log Linear Hazard Model, 145
Probit Model, 146
Fitting Binary Response Models, 147
Fitting the Linear Logistic Model, 147
Fitting Alternatives to the Logistic Model, 151
Problems in Model Fitting, 156
Summary, 159
Exercises, 160
7. Defining Regressor Variables, 163
CategoricalVariables, 163
0 1 Coding, 165
101 Coding, 169
xiv Contents
Deviations from the Model, 172
Threshold and Other Models for Trend, 176
Interactions and Parallelism, 182
Testing Linear Hypotheses, 186
Wald Tests for Linear Hypotheses, 189
Likelihood Ratio Tests for Linear Hypotheses, 192
Power Transformations of Continuous Regressor Variables, 195
Summary, 200
Exercises, 202
8. Parametric Models for Hazard Functions, 205
Constant Hazard Model, 206
Log Linear Model for Rates, 206
Generalized Linear Model, 207
Alternatives to Log Linear Models, 212
Models for Standardized Ratios, 215
WeibuU Hazard Model, 218
Other Parametric Models, 220
Gamma Failure Times, 220
Log Normal Failure Time, 221
Gompertz Makeham Model, 222
Extreme Value Distribution, 222
Extra Poisson Variation, 223
Summary, 224
Exercises, 225
9. Proportional Hazards Regression, 227
Piecewise Constant Hazards Model, 228
Proportional Piecewise Constant Hazards, 228
Testing for Constant Hazards, 230
Alternatives to Proportional Hazards, 233
Nonparametric Proportional Hazards, 235
Evaluating the Fit of a Proportional Hazards Model, 239
Time Dependent Covariates, 240
Effects That Vary with Time, 241
Exposures That Vary with Time, 245
Summary, 247
Exercises, 249
Contents xv
Part IV Study Desisn and New Directions
10. Analysis of Matched Studies, 253
Designing Matched Studies, 254
Matched Pairs, 254
Many to One Matching, 255
Frequency Matching, 256
Caliper Matching, 256
Strategies for Analysis, 257
Case Control Studies with Matched Pairs, 258
McNemar s Test and Its Extensions, 258
Logistic Regression Method I, 262
Logistic Regression Method II, 265
Case Control Studies with More Than One Control per Case, 268
Cohort Studies with Matched Pairs, 272
Summary, 276
Exercises, 277
11. Power and Sample Size Requirements, 281
Estimation, 281
Proportions, 282
Rates, 283
Association Measure, 285
Two Group Hypothesis Tests, 286
Proportion Comparisons, 288
Rate Comparisons, 289
Survival Curves, 291
Matched Pairs, 292
General Hypothesis Tests, 295
Steps for Calculating the Noncentrality Parameter, 298
Testing for Trend, 298
Covariate Adjustment, 305
Interactions, 308
Simulation, 309
Summary, 310
Exercises, 311
xvi Contents
12. Extending Regression Models, 315
Classification and Regression Trees (CART), 316
Growing Trees, 317
Trees for Binary Responses, 320
CART for Survival Data, 325
Splines, 326
Linear Splines, 326
Polynomial Splines, 327
GAMS and MARS, 329
Missing Observations, 330
Variance Components, 332
Errors in Variables, 333
CoUinearivy, 335
Summary, 339
Appendix 1. Theory on Models for Disease, 343
Constant Rates in Time, 345
Idealized Model for Rates Changing over Time, 346
Observed Effects of Age on Rates, 347
Relationship between Models for Rates and Proportions, 347
Appendix 2. Theory on Analysis of Proportions, 351
Likelihood for the Linear Logistic Model, 351
Wald Statistic for a 2X2 Table, 353
Likelihood Ratio Statistic for a 2X2 Table, 354
Score Statistics for an IX 2 Table, 355
Score Statistics for Combining 1X2 Tables, 357
Appendix 3. Theory on Analysis of Rates, 361
Likelihood Formation, 361
Time to Failure Models, 361
Counts of Failures, 362
Comparisons to Standard Rates, 363
Estimation, 363
Score Test for Nominal Categories, 364
Score Test Controlling for Strata, 366
Appendix 4. Theory on Analysis of Time to Failure, 369
Actuarial Estimate, 369
Product Limit Estimate, 372
Contents xvii
Two Sample Score Test for Piecewise Constant Hazards, 372
Log Rank Test, 374
Appendix 5. Theory on Regression Models for Proportions, 377
Distribution for Binary Responses, 377
Functions of the Linear Predictor, 379
Using Results to Conduct Inference, 380
Appendix 6. Theory on Parametric Models for Hazard Functions, 385
Poisson Regression, 385
Weibull Hazards, 387
Alternatives to Log Linear Hazard Models, 390
Appendix 7. Theory on Proportional Hazards Regression, 393
Appendix 8. Theory on Analysis of Matched Studies, 397
Conditional Likelihood for Case Control Study, 397
Matched Pairs for Case Control Studies, 398
N to One Matching in Case Control Studies, 399
Conditional Likelihood for Cohort Studies, 399
Index, 403
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:03:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0195124405 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XVII, 408 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
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| publisher | Oxford University Press |
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| series | Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics |
| series2 | Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics |
| spelling | Holford, Theodore R. Verfasser aut Multivariate methods in epidemiology Theodore R. Holford Oxford Oxford University Press 2002 XVII, 408 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics 32 Analyse multivariée Análise multivariada (métodos) larpcal Bioestatística larpcal Epidemiologia analítica larpcal Épidémiologie - Méthodes statistiques Biometry Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Multivariate Analysis Multivariate analysis Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics 32 (DE-604)BV000004952 32 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009899001&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Holford, Theodore R. Multivariate methods in epidemiology Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics Analyse multivariée Análise multivariada (métodos) larpcal Bioestatística larpcal Epidemiologia analítica larpcal Épidémiologie - Méthodes statistiques Biometry Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Multivariate Analysis Multivariate analysis |
| title | Multivariate methods in epidemiology |
| title_auth | Multivariate methods in epidemiology |
| title_exact_search | Multivariate methods in epidemiology |
| title_full | Multivariate methods in epidemiology Theodore R. Holford |
| title_fullStr | Multivariate methods in epidemiology Theodore R. Holford |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multivariate methods in epidemiology Theodore R. Holford |
| title_short | Multivariate methods in epidemiology |
| title_sort | multivariate methods in epidemiology |
| topic | Analyse multivariée Análise multivariada (métodos) larpcal Bioestatística larpcal Epidemiologia analítica larpcal Épidémiologie - Méthodes statistiques Biometry Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Multivariate Analysis Multivariate analysis |
| topic_facet | Analyse multivariée Análise multivariada (métodos) Bioestatística Epidemiologia analítica Épidémiologie - Méthodes statistiques Biometry Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Multivariate Analysis Multivariate analysis |
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