Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity: social protection in Middle East and North Africa
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
World Bank
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Orientations in development
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-170) |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 170 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0821351451 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity |b social protection in Middle East and North Africa |c The World Bank |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, DC |b World Bank |c 2002 | |
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| 490 | 0 | |a Orientations in development | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Soziale Sicherheit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Social security |z Africa, North | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Middle East |x Social policy | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Acronyms and Abbreviations xv
Executive Summary 1
I. The Challenges of Social Protection: Identifying
Risks and Vulnerable Groups in the MENA Region 21
1.1. Assessing Social Risks in the MENA Region 22
The Constraints to Sustainable Growth 22
The Constraints to Full Employment 28
Demographic Factors and Growing Demand for
Basic Services and Infrastructure 35
1.2. Identifying Vulnerable Population Groups 39
Population Trends in the MENA Region 39
Poverty 41
Vulnerable Population Groups 44
II. Assessing Current Formal and Informal
Mechanisms for Social Protection 47
2.1. Managing Social Risks 47
2.2. Informal Mechanisms 49
Managing Portfolios of Crops, Livestock, and
Off Farm Employment 49
Kinship Networks and Families 50
Religious Charitable Contributions 51
Migration 52
Neglect of Human Capital 54
2.3. Formal Mechanisms outside the Traditional
Social Protection System 56
Education and Training 56
Contents
Health 58
Price Regulations and Subsidies 60
2.4. Formal Public Mechanisms within the Traditional
Social Protection System 63
ALMPs: Job Search Assistance, Vocational Training,
Wage Subsidy Programs, and Microfmance 63
Social Insurance: Pensions and Unemployment
Insurance 67
Social Assistance Programs: Public Works and
Safety Net Programs 74
III. Strengthening the Social Protection System:
Setting Priorities and Reallocating Resources 83
3.1. The Key to Lower Risks: Improving Efficiency in
Economic Management 83
Macroeconomic Management 84
Good Governance 84
Labor Market Reforms 84
Eliminating Price Distortions 85
Strengthening Regulatory Institutions 86
3.2. Reducing Vulnerability: Improving Efficiency in
Education and Health Expenditures 86
Education and Training 87
Health 87
3.3. Mitigating and Coping with Risks: Redefining
Priorities for the Social Protection System 88
Reforming Pension Systems 90
Reducing Government Involvement in ALMPs
and Microfinance 93
Selectively Strengthening Risk Coping Mechanisms 95
IV. The World Bank s Role 99
4.1. World Bank Involvement in Social Protection 99
4.2. Directions for the Future 101
Increased Emphasis on Social Insurance 101
Maintain and Expand Levels of Operations on
Labor and Training Issues 102
Introduce Innovations in Social Funds and
Community Development (Including Gender
and Children s Issues) 103
Knowledge Management 104
4.3. Key Partnerships 104
Contents
Appendixes
Appendix 1: Income and Key Human Development
Indicators 107
Appendix 2: Labor Market Indicators 121
Appendix 3: Formal Pension System Indicators 129
Appendix 4: Poverty Indicators 135
Appendix 5: Social Protection and Rural Development
in Select MENA Countries 13 9
Appendix 6: Social Safety Nets in Select MENA
Countries 151
Notes 155
Bibliography 159
Boxes
ES. 1 Regional Issues and Strategic Directions 13
1.1 Where Did All the Growth Go? External Shocks,
Social Conflict, and Growth Collapses 27
1.2 Globalization and Rising Demand for Social
Protection 29
1.3 Transportation and Poverty in the West Bank
and Gaza 3 8
1.4 Success with Policies for Managing Population
Growth 40
2.1 Informal Social Support Systems in the West Bank
and Gaza 50
2.2 Coping Strategies of Poor Communities in the
Republic of Yemen 51
2.3 Coping with Liberalization: Egypt s Small Farmers 55
2.4 Costs of Inadequate Water Supplies for Domestic
Use and a Community s Response 62
2.5 International Experience 65
2.6 Community Driven Development and Microfinance
for the Poor in the Republic of Yemen 68
2.7 Public Works Programs in Morocco and Tunisia 75
2.8 Social Fund Operations in MENA 77
2.9 Direct Transfer Programs in Morocco and Tunisia 80
Figures
ES.l Common Characteristics of MENA Economies 2
ES.2 Significant Differences among MENA Economies 4
1.1 Output Volatility in the MENA Region Has Been
Higher Than in Other Regions 23
Contents
1.2 Share of Public Enterprises in Economic Activity 2 5
1.3 Privatization Revenue in the MENA Region 30
1.4 Regional Unemployment in the Early and
Late 1990s 31
1.5 Size of Government in the MENA Region 31
1.6 Renewable Water Resources per Capita, by
Region 36
1.7 Poverty Rates by Age in Jordan, 1997 45
2.1 Formal Pension Cost and Population Older Than 60
in MENA 70
4.1 Increase in World Bank Lending for Social Protection 100
A2.1 Unemployment in the MENA Region 125
A2.2 Many of the Unemployed Are Young 125
A2,3 Unemployment Rates by Region, 1999 125
Tables
1.1 Percentage of Real GDP Annual Growth Rates for
Select MENA Countries 24
1.2 Average Growth of TFP for Select MENA Countries 24
1.3 Government Employment As a Percentage of Total
Employment in the 1990s 32
1.4 Percentage of Regional Population and Labor Force
Growth Rates, 1990 99 34
1.5 Trends in Fertility, Mortality, and Life Expectancy
in MENA, 1970 99 41
1.6 Population Living on Less Than US $1 a Day 42
1.7 Population Living on Less Than US $2 a Day 42
1.8 Percentage of Population below National Poverty
Lines 43
1.9 Income Inequality in MENA, 1990s 43
2.1 Worker Remittances in Select MENA Countries,
1970 99 53
2.2 Distribution of International Migrants in Rural
Egypt, 1986 87 54
2.3 Total Education Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP 56
2.4 Health Expenditures by Region 59
2.5 Social Sector Expenditures in the 1990s 64
2.6 Job Creation as a Result of Public Works 74
2.7 MENA Social Fund Spending on Target Population 76
2.8 Food Subsidy Expenditure in MENA during 1990 99 81
2.9 Incidence of Food Subsidies by Quintile 82
4.1 Social Protection Projects 1996 2000 1°°
Contents
4.2 Current and Planned Economic and Sector Work
for 2001 03 101
Al.l Population and GNP Growth 108
A1.2 Population and GNP Growth by Region 109
A1.3 Population and Labor Force 109
A1.4 Population and Labor Force by Region 110
A1.5 Access to Education 110
A1.6 Access to Education by Region 111
A1.7 Educational Attainment 111
Al .8 Adult Illiteracy Rate 112
Al .9 Adult Illiteracy Rate by Gender 112
A1.10 Adult Illiteracy Rate by Region 112
Al.ll Access to Health 113
Al.l2 Child Immunization 113
Al. 13 Child Immunization by Region 113
Al.l4 Health Risk Factors 114
Al. 15 Life Expectancy and Mortality 114
Al. 16 Life Expectancy and Mortality by Region 115
Al. 17 Fertility Transition in MENA between 1960
and 1995 115
Al. 18 Water Availability and Access in MENA Countries 116
Al.l9 Net Renewable Water Distribution by Region
and Per Capita, 1999 2000 116
A1.20 Health Expenditures, 1995 98 117
Al .21 Education Expenditures 117
A1.22 Public Expenditures on Social Sectors 118
A1.23 Functional Expenditures 119
A2.1 Labor Force and Participation Rates 122
A2.2 Labor Force and Participation Rates by Region 122
A2.3 Labor Force and GNP Growth by Region 123
A2.4 Labor Force, Female, 1985 2000 123
A2.5 Labor Force, Female, by Region 123
A2.6 Labor Force, Children 10 14 124
A2.7 Labor Force, Children 10 14, by Region 124
A2.8 Unemployment in the MENA Region 124
A2.9 Unemployment Rate by Region, 1999 124
A2.10 Employment by Major Economic Activity Categories 126
A2.11 Employment by Major Economic Activity by
Region 126
A2.12 Structure of Employment for Select Years 127
A2.13 Real Wage Indexes 128
A2.14 Wages and Salaries 128
Contents
A3.1 Total Dependents I: Share of Persons Aged 0 14
and 65+ 130
A3.2 Total Dependents II: Share of Persons Aged 0 19
and 60+ 130
A3.3 Old Age Dependency Ratio I 131
A3.4 Old Age Dependency Ratio II 131
A3.5 Pension Coverage and Replacement Rates 132
A3.6 Key Pension Fund Financial Indicators 133
A3.7 Pension Fund Performance 134
A4.1 Population below National Poverty Lines 136
A4.2 International Poverty Lines 136
A4.3 Population Living on Less Than US $1 a Day 136
A4.4 Population Living on Less Than US $2 a Day 137
A4.5 Share of Income or Consumption 137
A4.6 Income Shares of Lowest and Highest Quintiles
by Region 137
A5.1 MENA: Matrix of Rural Sector Issues and Action Plan 146
A5.2 Implications for the Bank 149
A6.1 Social Safety Nets in Select MENA Countries 152
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| geographic_facet | Naher Osten Africa, North Social policy Middle East Social policy Mittlerer Osten Nordafrika |
| id | DE-604.BV014463092 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:02:56Z |
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| isbn | 0821351451 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2002066179 |
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| physical | XVI, 170 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
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| publisher | World Bank |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Orientations in development |
| spelling | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa The World Bank Washington, DC World Bank 2002 XVI, 170 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Orientations in development Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-170) Soziale Sicherheit Social security Africa, North Social security Middle East Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 gnd rswk-swf Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten Africa, North Social policy Middle East Social policy Mittlerer Osten (DE-588)4039755-5 gnd rswk-swf Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 gnd rswk-swf Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 g Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 s Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 s DE-604 Mittlerer Osten (DE-588)4039755-5 g HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009875898&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa Soziale Sicherheit Social security Africa, North Social security Middle East Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 gnd Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4055732-7 (DE-588)4055879-4 (DE-588)4039755-5 (DE-588)4042482-0 |
| title | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_auth | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_exact_search | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa |
| title_full | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa The World Bank |
| title_fullStr | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa The World Bank |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in Middle East and North Africa The World Bank |
| title_short | Reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity |
| title_sort | reducing vulnerability and increasing opportunity social protection in middle east and north africa |
| title_sub | social protection in Middle East and North Africa |
| topic | Soziale Sicherheit Social security Africa, North Social security Middle East Soziale Sicherheit (DE-588)4055732-7 gnd Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Soziale Sicherheit Social security Africa, North Social security Middle East Sozialpolitik Naher Osten Africa, North Social policy Middle East Social policy Mittlerer Osten Nordafrika |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009875898&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |