Quantitative business valuation: a mathematical approach for today's professional
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
2001
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Irwin library of investment and finance
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 480 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0070002150 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quantitative business valuation |b a mathematical approach for today's professional |c Jay B. Abrams |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 2001 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Entreprises - Évaluation - Modèles mathématiques | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Kwantitatieve methoden |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wiskundige modellen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mathematisches Modell | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Unternehmen | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Business enterprises |x Valuation |x Mathematical models | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129285305270272 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Introduction xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Figures xix
List of Tables xxi
PARTI
FORECASTING CASH FLOWS
1. Cash Flow: A Mathematical Derivation 3
Introduction. The Mathematical Model. A Preliminary Explanation of
Cash Flows. Analyzing Property, Plant, and Equipment Transactions. An
Explanation of Cash Flows with More Detail for Equity Transactions.
Considering the Components of Required Working Capital. Adjusting for
Required Cash. Comparison to Other Cash Flow Definitions.
Conclusion.
2. Using Regression Analysis 21
Introduction. Forecasting Costs and Expenses. Adjustments to
Expenses. Table 2 1A: Calculating Adjusted Costs and Expenses.
Performing Regression Analysis. Use of Regression Statistics to Test
the Robustness of the Relationship. Standard Error of the y Estimate.
The Mean of a and b. The Variance of a and b. Selecting the Data Set
and Regression Equation. Problems with Using Regression Analysis
for Forecasting Costs. Insufficient Data. Substantial Changes in
Competition or Product/Service. Using Regression Analysis to
Forecast Sales. Spreadsheet Procedures to Perform Regression.
Examining the Regression Statistics. Adding Industry Specific
Independent Variables. Try All Combinations of Potential Independent
Variables. Application of Regression Analysis to the Guideline
Company Method. Table 2 5: Regression Analysis of Guideline
Companies. Summary. Appendix: The ANOVA table.
3. Annuity Discount Factors and the Gordon Model 57
Introduction. Definitions. Denoting Time. ADF with End of Year
Cash Flows. Behavior of the ADF with Growth. Special Case of ADF
when g = 0: The Ordinary Annuity. Special Case when n —? oo and r
g: The Gordon Model. Intuitively Understanding Equations (3 6) and
(3 6a). Relationship between the ADF and the Gordon Model. Table 3 1:
Proof of ADF Equations (3 6) through (3 6b). A Brief Summary.
Midyear Cash Flows. Table 3 2: Example of Equations (3 10) through
(3 10b). Special Cases for Midyear Cash Flows: No Growth, g = 0.
Gordon Model. Starting Periods Other than Year 1. End of Year
Formulas. Valuation Date # 0. Table 3 3: Example of Equation (3 11).
Tables 3 4 through 3 6: Variations of Table 3 3 with S 0, Negative
Growth, and r g. Special Case: No Growth, g = 0. Generalized
Gordon Model. Midyear Formula. Periodic Perpetuity Factors (PPFs):
Perpetuities for Periodic Cash Flows. The Mathematical Formulas.
Tables 3 7 and 3 8: Examples of Equations (3 18) and (3 19). Other
Starting Years. New versus Used Equipment Decisions. ADFs in Loan
Mathematics. Calculating Loan Payments. Present Value of a Loan.
Relationship of the Gordon Model to the Price/Earnings Ratio.
Definitions. Mathematical Derivation. Conclusions.
PART II
CALCULATING DISCOUNT RATES
4. Discount Rates as a Function of Log Size 117
Prior Research. Table 4 1: Analysis of Historical Stock Returns.
Regression #1: Return versus Standard Deviation of Returns. Regression
#2: Return versus Log Size. Regression #3: Return versus Beta. Market
Performance. Which Data to Choose? Recalculation of the Log Size Model
Based on 60 Years. Application of the Log Size Model. Discount Rates
Based on the Log Size Model. Practical Illustration of the Log Size
Model: Discounted Cash Flow Valuations. Total Return versus Equity
Premium. Adjustments to the Discount Rate. Discounted Cash Flow or
Net Income? Discussion of Models and Size Effects. CAPM. The
Fama French Cost of Equity Model. Log Size Models. Heteroscedasticity.
Industry Effects. Satisfying Revenue Ruling 59 60 without a
Guideline Public Company Method. Summary and Conclusions.
Appendix A: Automating Iteration Using Newton s Method.
Appendix B: Mathematical Appendix. Appendix C: Abbreviated
Review and Use.
5. Arithmetic versus Geometric Means: Empirical Evidence and
Theoretical Issues 169
Introduction. Theoretical Superiority of Arithmetic Mean. Table 5 1:
Comparison of Two Stock Portfolios. Empirical Evidence of the
Superiority of the Arithmetic Mean. Table 5 2: Regressions of
Geometric and Arthmetic Returns for 1927 1997. Table 5 3: Regressions
of Geometric Returns for 1938 1997. The Size Effect on the Arithmetic
versus Geometric Means. Table 5 4: Log Size Comparison of Discount
Rates and Gordon Model Multiples Using AM versus GM. Indro and
Lee Article.
6. An Iterative Valuation Approach 279
Introduction. Equity Valuation Method. Table 6 1A: The First
Iteration. Table 6 1B: Subsequent Iterations of the First Scenario. Table
Contents
6 1C: Initial Choice of Equity Doesn t Matter. Convergence of the Equity
Valuation Method. Invested Capital Approach. Table 6 2A: Iterations
Beginning with Book Equity. Table 6 2B: Initial Choice of Equity Doesn t
Matter. Convergence of the Invested Capital Approach. Log Size.
Summary. Bibliography.
PART III
ADJUSTING FOR CONTROL AND MARKETABILITY
7. Adjusting for Levels of Control and Marketability 195
Introduction. The Value of Control and Adjusting for Level of
Control. Prior Research—Qualitative Professional. Prior Research—
Academic. My Synthesis and Analysis. Discount for Lack of
Marketability (DLOM). Mercer s Quantitative Marketability Discount
Model. Rasper s BAS Model. Restricted Stock Discounts. Abrams
Economic Components Model. Mercer s Rebuttal. Conclusion.
Mathematical Appendix.
8. Sample Restricted Stock Discount Study 293
Introduction. Background. Stock Ownership. Purpose of the Appraisal.
No Economic Outlook Section. Sources of Data. Valuation. Commentary
to Table 8 1: Regression Analysis of Management Planning Data.
Commentary to Table 8 1A: Revenue and Earnings Stability.
Commentary to Table 8 1B: Price Stability. Valuation Using Options
Pricing Theory. Conclusion of Discount for Lack of Marketability.
Assumptions and Limiting Conditions. Appraiser s Qualifications.
9. Sample Appraisal Report 325
Introduction. Purpose of the Report. Valuation of Considerations.
Sources of Data. History and Description of the LLC. Significant
Terms and Legal Issues. Conclusion. Economic Outlook. Economic
Growth. Inflation. Interest Rates. State and Local Economics. Summary.
Financial Review. Commentary to Table 9 2: FMV Balance Sheets.
Commentary to Table 9 3: Income Statements. Commentary to Table 9 4:
Cash Distributions. Valuation. Valuation Approaches. Selection of
Valuation Approach. Economic Components Approach. Commentary to
Table 9 5: Calculations of Combined Discounts. Commentary to Table
9 5A: Delay to Sale. Commentary to Table 9 5C: Calculation of DLOM.
Commentary to Table 9 6: Partnership Profiles Approach—1999.
Commentary to Table 9 7: Private Fractional Interest Sales. Commentary
to Table 9 8: Final Calculation of Fractional Interest Discounts.
Conclusion. Statement of Limiting Conditions. Appraiser s
Qualifications. Appendix: Tax Court s Opinion for Discount for
Lack of Marketability. Introduction. The Court s 10 Factors.
Application of the Court s 10 Factors to the Valuation.
PART IV
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
10. Empirical Testing of Abrams Valuation Theory 357
Introduction. Steps in the Valuation Process. Applying a Valuation
Model to the Steps. Table 10 1: Log Size for 1938 1986. Table 10 2:
Contents
Reconciliation to the IBA Database. Part 1: IBA P/CF Multiples.
Part 2: Log Size P/CF Multiples. Conclusion. Calculation of DLOM.
Table 10 4: Computation of the Delay to Sale Component ,000 Firm.
Table 10 5: Calculation of Transactions Costs. Table 10 6: Calculation of
DLOM. Table 10 6A 10 6F: Calculations of DLOM for Larger Firms.
Calculation of DLOM for Large Firms. Interpretation of the Error.
Conclusion.
11. Measuring Valuation Uncertainty and Error 383
Introduction. Differences Between Uncertainty and Error. Sources of
Uncertainty and Error. Measuring Valuation Uncertainty. Table 11 1:
95% Confidence Intervals. Summary of Valuation Implications of
Statistical Uncertainty in the Discount Rate. Measuring the Effects of
Valuation Error. Defining Absolute and Relative Error. The Valuation
Model. Dollar Effects of Absolute Errors in Forecastng Year 1 Cash Flow.
Relative Effects of Absolute Errors in Forecasting Year 1 Cash Flow.
Absolute and Relative Effects of Relative Errors in Forecasting Year 1
Cash Flow. Absolute Errors in Forecasting Growth and the Discount
Rate. Table 11 5: Summary of Effects of Valuation Errors. Summary and
Conclusions.
PART V
SPECIAL TOPICS
12. Valuing Startups 407
Issues Unique to Startups. Organization of the Chapter. First
Chicago Approach. Discounting Cash Flow Is Preferable to Net Income.
Capital Structure Changes. Venture Capital Rates of Return. Table 12 1:
Example of the First Chicago Approach. Advantages of the First Chicago
Approach. Discounts for Lack of Marketability and Control. Venture
Capital Valuation Approach. Venture Capital Rates of Return.
Summary of the VC Approach. Debt Restructuring Study. Backgound.
Key Events. Decision Trees and Spreadsheet Calculations. Table 12 3:
Statistical Calculation ofFMV. Conclusion. Exponentially Declining
Sales Growth Model.
13. ESOPs: Measuring and Apportioning Dilution 433
Introduction. What Can Be Skipped. Definitions of Dilution. Dilution
to the ESOP (Type 1 Dilution). Dilution to the Selling Owner (Type 2
Dilution). Defining Terms. Table 13 1: Calculation of Lifetime ESOP
Costs. The Direct Approach. FMV Equations—All Dilution to the
ESOP (Type 1 Dilution; No Type 2 Dilution). Table 13 2, Sections 1 and
2: Post transaction FMV with All Dilution to the ESOP. The Post
transaction Value Is a Parabola. FMV Equations—All Dilution to the
Owner (Type 2 Dilution). Table 13 2, Section 3: FMV Calculations—All
Dilution to the Seller. Sharing the Dilution. Equation to Calculate Type 2
Dilution. Tables 13 3 and 13 3A: Adjusting Dilution to Desired Levels.
Table 13 3B: Summary of Dilution Tradeoffs. The Iterative Approach.
Iteration #1. Iteration #2. Iteration #3. Iteration #n. Summary.
Advantages of Results. Function of ESOP Loan. Common Sense Is
Required. To Whom Should the Dilution Belong? Appendix A:
Contents
Mathematical Appendix. Appendix B: Shorter Version of Chapter
13.
14. Buyouts of Partners and Shareholders 471
Introduction. An Example of a Buyout. The Solution. Evaluating the
Benchmarks.
Glossary 475
Index 479
Contents
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| spelling | Abrams, Jay B. Verfasser aut Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional Jay B. Abrams New York [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 2001 XXIV, 480 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Irwin library of investment and finance Bedrijven gtt Economische waarde gtt Entreprises - Évaluation - Modèles mathématiques Kwantitatieve methoden gtt Wiskundige modellen gtt Mathematisches Modell Unternehmen Business enterprises Valuation Mathematical models Unternehmensbewertung (DE-588)4078594-4 gnd rswk-swf Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmensbewertung (DE-588)4078594-4 s Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 s 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009867226&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Abrams, Jay B. Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional Bedrijven gtt Economische waarde gtt Entreprises - Évaluation - Modèles mathématiques Kwantitatieve methoden gtt Wiskundige modellen gtt Mathematisches Modell Unternehmen Business enterprises Valuation Mathematical models Unternehmensbewertung (DE-588)4078594-4 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd |
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| title | Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional |
| title_auth | Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional |
| title_exact_search | Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional |
| title_full | Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional Jay B. Abrams |
| title_fullStr | Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional Jay B. Abrams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today's professional Jay B. Abrams |
| title_short | Quantitative business valuation |
| title_sort | quantitative business valuation a mathematical approach for today s professional |
| title_sub | a mathematical approach for today's professional |
| topic | Bedrijven gtt Economische waarde gtt Entreprises - Évaluation - Modèles mathématiques Kwantitatieve methoden gtt Wiskundige modellen gtt Mathematisches Modell Unternehmen Business enterprises Valuation Mathematical models Unternehmensbewertung (DE-588)4078594-4 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bedrijven Economische waarde Entreprises - Évaluation - Modèles mathématiques Kwantitatieve methoden Wiskundige modellen Mathematisches Modell Unternehmen Business enterprises Valuation Mathematical models Unternehmensbewertung Methode |
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