Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin
<<Erich>> Schmidt
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Berichte / Umweltbundesamt
2002,7 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 244 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3503066853 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals |c by Andreas Beyer ; Michael Matthies |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial
Autor: Beyer, Andreas
Jahr: 2002
Table of Contents
Introduction
1.1 Necessity to consider persistence and long-range transport when assessing
pesticides and industrial chemicals 1
1.1.1 Risk assessment of industrial chemicals 2
1.1.2 Risk assessment of pesticides 3
1.1.3 Limitations of the current chemical risk assessment 4
1.1.4 Acceleration of the existing chemicals assessment process 10
1.1.5 Legal aspects 10
1.2 Quantifying assessment criteria 13
1.2.1 Persistence 14
1.2.2 Characteristic travel distance 17
1.2.3 Characteristic travel distance in water 22
1.2.4 Stickiness 23
1.2.5 Mode of entry 24
1.2.6 Suggested procedure for assessing persistence and atmospheric
long-range transport 27
2 Substances and Data Availability_______________________29
2.1 Required substance data 29
2.2 Differences between pesticide data and industrial chemical data 30
2.3 Pesticides 31
2.3.1 Partitioning properties 31
2.3.2 Interpretation of measured DT50 and DT90 values in soil and water 31
2.4 Industrial chemicals 40
2.4.1 Partitioning properties 40
2.4.2 Degradability classes for soil, water, and sediment 40
2.5 Degradation rates in air; limitations of AOPWIN 40
2.6 Data regarding the uptake into and transformation in vegetation 42
3 Changes and Extensions of the EUSES-SimpleBox Model 44
3.1 Adjustment to calculate characteristic travel distance and overall
persistence 45
3.2 Environmental parameters 46
3.3 Emission module 47
3.4 Vegetation compartment 50
3.4.1 Volumes and areas 51
3.4.2 Partition coefficients 51
3.4.3 Degradation 52
3.4.4 Diffusive exchange 53
3.4.5 Deposition 54
3.4.6 Transpiration/root uptake 55
3.4.7 Plant death, litter fall, harvest, and growth 56
3.5 Substance specific soil depth 57
3.6 Models to estimate the particle bound fraction 58
4 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis___________________(ffl
4.1 Sensitivity and uncertainty 60
4.2 Independence of substance parameters 62
4.3 Standard settings 63
4.4 Sensitivity 64
4.4.1 Environmental properties 68
4.4.2 Substance properties 69
4.5 Uncertainty analysis 70
4.5.1 Choice of parameter distributions 71
4.5.2 Results 72
4.6 Impact of variability on substance ranking 76
5 Parameter Studies and Scenario Calculations__________84
5.1 The standard scenario 84
5.2 Comparison to EUSES settings 84
5.3 Gas-particle partitioning 84
5.4 Degradation on atmospheric particles 88
5.5 Reduced rain scenario 92
5.6 Emission scenarios 94
5.7 Pesticide degradation in soil 100
5.8 Role of vegetation 101
5.8.1 Scavenging 102
5.8.2 Degradation on foliage 105
5.8.3 Discussion of the vegetation compartment 105
VI
6 Effect of Temperature on Long-range Transport and
Persistence_______________________________________107
6.1 Importance of temperature dependent simulations 107
6.2 Model changes 108
6.3 Equilibrium distribution map , 111
6.4 Level III scenario calculations 113
6.5 Temperature dependence of characteristic travel distance 116
6.6 Cold condensation potential 118
7 Comparison to Field Measurements____________________124
7.1 Pesticide concentration in rain 125
7.2 Comparison to measured concentration gradients 128
8 Environmental Relevance of Model Results___________136
9 Substance Evaluation______________________________139
9.1 Industrial chemicals and persistent organic pollutants 145
9.2 Current-use pesticides 146
9.2.1 Substances with long overall persistence 147
9.2.2 Substances with large characteristic travel distance 148
10 Simulations with Additional Pesticide Data____________151
11 References________________________________________154
Appendix A; User Manual for the Spreadsheet Model
ELPOS-1.0_________________________________________175
A. 1 Overview of the worksheets 175
A.2 Worksheet Info 176
A.3 Interpretation of data on sheet Frontend 176
A.3.1 Button Condensed Information 176
A.3.2 Button Temperature Dependence 177
A.3.3 Colours of the cells 177
A.3.4 Substance 178
VII
A.3.5 Model parameters
A.3.6 Results
A.4 Worksheet New Substance
A.5 Worksheet Substances
A.6 Worksheets Level IT and Level IIT
A.7 Worksheet Emission
A.8 Worksheet Results
A.9 Worksheet EmCalc
A. 10 Worksheet Dispersion
Appendix B: Model Parameters
178
181
182
183
185
185
185
186
186
187
Appendix C: Substance Data
193
Appendix D: Model Results
208
Appendix E: Mathematical Proofs
242
E. 1 Mass fraction in air
E.2 Relative uncertainties
242
243
VIII
Tables
Table 1.1: Criteria for persistence and long-range transport as defined by
international protocols.................................................................6
Table 1.2: Currently discussed measures (or descriptors) for long-range
transport potential.....................................................................18
Table 2.1: Minimum set of data necessary for calculations......................29
Table 2.2: Additional substance parameters.............................................29
Table 2.3: Half-lives (in days) in soil of current-use pesticides, based on
measured DT50 and DT90 in laboratory and field studies.........35
Table 3.1: Emission fractions Fwiat based on vapour pressure classes
according to USES (RIVM 1999) and Kordel et al. (1999).......49
Table 4.1: Parameters being typically sensitive to overall persistence and
characteristic travel distance, assuming 100% emission into air.
..................................................................................................68
Table 4.2: Contribution to variance determined from 10,000 Monte Carlo
simulations for y-HCH (lindane)...............................................74
Table 4.3: Statistical results of Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 trials
for characteristic travel distance in air in km (a) and overall
persistence in days (b)...............................................................75
Table 4.4: Statistical results (in d) of the Monte Carlo analysis for overall
persistence Tov of current-use pesticides after performing 10,000
trials..........................................................................................78
Table 4.5: Statistical results (in km) of the Monte Carlo analysis for
characteristic travel distance in air LA of current-use pesticides
after performing 10,000 trials....................................................81
Table 5.1: Overall persistence (in d) for different modes of entry (emission
scenarios)..................................................................................96
Table 6.1: Characteristic travel distance in air (LA) at 5, 15, and 30°C and
cold-condensation potential (CCP) of all assessed chemicals for
the reference scenario..............................................................122
Table 7.1: Pesticide concentrations in rain (ng/L or mg/m3) at three sites in
Germany.................................................................................126
Table 7.2: Rankings of selected pesticides.............................................128
Table 7.3: Selection of monitoring studies measuring spatial distribution of
persistent organic pollutants....................................................130
Table 7.4: Characteristic travel distance of PCBs (in km) determined from
log-linear regressions of observed concentrations versus latitude
and distance from expected main source in the U.K................131
IX
Table 9.1: Industrial chemicals and persistent organic pollutants with their
overall persistence and characteristic travel distance assuming
100% emission to air and 12°C...............................................140
Table 9.2: Current-use pesticides with their overall persistence and
characteristic travel distance assuming 100% emission to air and
12°C........................................................................................142
Table 10.1: Comparison of results obtained with three different pesticide
data sets..................................................................................152
Table A.1: Cells in field Substance ......................................................178
Table A.2: Substance properties to be entered in sheet New Substance.. 183
Table B.I: Distribution types used in this study (according to Berding et al.
2001).......................„..............................................................187
Table B.2: Model parameters used.........................................................187
Table C.I: Substance data of current-use pesticides...............................193
Table C.2: Half-lives of current-use pesticides.......................................196
Table C.3: Additional pesticide data provided by producers. Partitioning
data.........................................................................................198
Table C.4: Additional pesticide data provided by producers. Half-lives. 199
Table C.5: Substance data of industrial chemicals and other persistent
organic pollutants....................................................................200
Table C.6: Half-lives of industrial chemicals and other persistent organic
pollutants................................................................................202
Table C.7: Degradation rates of selected chlorinated dibenzo-/?-dioxins and
dibenzofurans on cuticular waxes...........................................203
Table C.8: Chemicals with temperature dependent data.........................204
Table C.9: Temperature dependent degradation rate constants in air......206
Table D. 1: Results for standard scenario as defined in Chapter 4...........208
Table D.2: Characteristic travel distance in water LW-............................212
Table D.3: Results for EUSES scenario.................................................215
Table D.4: Results KoA-model for particle bound fraction in air............218
Table D.5: Results assuming degradation on particles............................221
Table D.6: Results assuming reduced rain (10 mm/a)............................224
Table D.7: Results for different sets of soil half-lives............................227
Table D.8: Results assuming passive vegetation (no degradation on
foliage)....................................................................................230
Table D.9: Results assuming degradation in vegetation as fast as in
cuticular waxes ( fast degradation )........................................233
Table D.10: Monte Carlo simulations for PCB-18 performing different
numbers of trials for overall persistence and characteristic travel
distance^)............................................................................234
Table D.ll: Sensitivity analysis for benzene..........................................235
Table D.12: Sensitivity analysis forp,/ -DDE.......................................236
Table D.13: Sensitivity analysis for isoproturon.....................................237
Table D.14: Sensitivity analysis for y-HCH...........................................238
Table D.15: Sensitivity analysis for PCB-18..........................................239
Table D.16: Sensitivity analysis forPCB-209........................................240
Table D.17: Results of Monte Carlo analysis for selected persistent organic
pollutants................................................................................241
XI
Figures
Figure 1.1: Pesticide use in Germany in the year 1998, grouped according
to vapour pressure. Data obtained from BBA (2000)..................3
Figure 1.2: Characteristic travel distance...............................................,.20
Figure 1.3: Plot of characteristic travel distance in air LA versus overall
persistence Tov...........................................................................21
Figure 2.1: Plots of field measured and laboratory DT50 and DT90 for
current-use pesticides................................................................33
Figure 3.1: Deposition to vegetation........................................................53
Figure 4.1: Tornado chart for lindane (y-HCH), characteristic travel
distance in air (LA).....................................................................66
Figure 4.2: Tornado chart for benzene, characteristic travel distance in air
(LA)...........................................................................................66
Figure 4.3: Tornado chart for lindane (y-HCH), arid scenario................67
Figure 4.4: Histograms of distributions resulting from 10,000 Monte Carlo
simulations for y-HCH (lindane)...............................................73
Figure 5.1: Effect of different gas-particle partitioning models on particle
bound fraction, overall persistence, and characteristic travel
distance for all 109 industrial chemicals and pesticides.............85
Figure 5.2: Uncertainty of characteristic travel distance AL/u as a function
of the particle bound fraction................:...................................90
Figure 5.3: Uncertainty of overall persistence (Axov) for a hypothetical
chemical as a function of particle bound fraction......................90
Figure 5.4: Relative ranges (or uncertainties) of LA and xov calculated for
different PCDD/Fs....................................................................91
Figure 5.5: Absolute variability of LA of 1,2,3,4,7-PeCDD (Equation 5.3).
..................................................................................................91
Figure 5.6: Relative difference between characteristic travel distance in air
calculated assuming the standard rain rate (700 mm/a) and a
reduced rain rate (10 mm/a)......................................................94
Figure 5.7: Overall persistence and characteristic travel distance in air for
current-use pesticides calculated using half-lives in soil based on
field measurements and based on laboratory measurements.... 101
Figure 5.8: Mass distribution of metazachlor in a system (a) excluding and
(b) including vegetation, but assuming no degradation in plants.
..................................................................................103
XII
Figure 5.9: Mass distribution of linuron in a system (a) excluding and (b)
including vegetation, but assuming no degradation in plants... 103
Figure 5.10: Overall persistence and characteristic travel distance (CTD)
for selected PCDD/Fs assuming a system without vegetation,
including vegetation but no degradation on the foliage ( no
degr. ), and assuming vegetation with fast removal ( incl. degr. )-
................................................................................................104
Figure 6.1: Activation energy Ea for biphenyl and different polychlorinated
biphenyls as a function of the degree of chlorination..............110
Figure 6.2: Equilibrium distribution map displaying air-water and octanol-
water partition coefficients of selected chemicals as function of
temperature.............................................................................112
Figure 6.3: Overall persistence as function of temperature for selected
substances...............................................................................115
Figure 6.4: Characteristic travel distance in air LA as function of
temperature for selected substances........................................115
Figure 6.5: Characteristic travel distance in air LA as function of
temperature for selected substances with fixed OH-radical
concentration...........................................................................116
Figure 6.6: Temperature dependence of the characteristic travel distance in
air LA of a hypothetical chemical with stickiness F equal to one.
................................................................................................118
Figure 6.7: Cold condensation potential (CCP) calculated as the ratio of the
characteristic travel distances at 10°C and 5°C versus the sub-
cooled liquid phase vapour pressure........................................119
Figure 7.1: Spatial concentration gradients of PCB-52 (triangles) and PCB-
138 (squares)...........................................................................131
Figure 7.2: Comparison measured vs. simulated characteristic travel
distances (CTD) {reference scenario).....................................134
Figure 7.3: Comparison measured vs. simulated characteristic travel
distances (CTD) {enlarged water compartment, aerosol
properties changed)............,...................................................134
Figure 9.1: Chemical structures of chlorothalonil, bromuconazole,
clopyralid, and p,p -dicofoL.........................................-.........150
Figure A.1: Sheet Frontend .................................................................177
Figure A.2: Sheet New Substance .......................................................184
xm
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| id | DE-604.BV014392912 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:02:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3503066853 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009852469 |
| oclc_num | 52270927 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-Aug7 DE-12 DE-Er8 DE-Eb1 DE-634 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-Aug7 DE-12 DE-Er8 DE-Eb1 DE-634 DE-83 |
| physical | XIII, 244 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | <<Erich>> Schmidt |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Berichte / Umweltbundesamt |
| spelling | Beyer, Andreas Verfasser aut Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals by Andreas Beyer ; Michael Matthies UBA FB 000248 Berlin <<Erich>> Schmidt 2002 XIII, 244 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Berichte / Umweltbundesamt 2002,7 Umwelt Air Pollution Pesticides Environmental aspects Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenschutzmittel (DE-588)4045587-7 gnd rswk-swf Industriechemikalie (DE-588)4226178-8 gnd rswk-swf Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 gnd rswk-swf Abbaubarkeit (DE-588)4313172-4 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenschutzmittel (DE-588)4045587-7 s Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 s Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 s Abbaubarkeit (DE-588)4313172-4 s DE-604 Industriechemikalie (DE-588)4226178-8 s Matthies, Michael Verfasser aut Umweltbundesamt Berichte 2002,7 (DE-604)BV012335741 2002,7 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009852469&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Beyer, Andreas Matthies, Michael Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals Umwelt Air Pollution Pesticides Environmental aspects Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd Pflanzenschutzmittel (DE-588)4045587-7 gnd Industriechemikalie (DE-588)4226178-8 gnd Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 gnd Abbaubarkeit (DE-588)4313172-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003397-1 (DE-588)4045587-7 (DE-588)4226178-8 (DE-588)4121550-3 (DE-588)4313172-4 |
| title | Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals |
| title_alt | UBA FB 000248 |
| title_auth | Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals |
| title_exact_search | Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals |
| title_full | Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals by Andreas Beyer ; Michael Matthies |
| title_fullStr | Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals by Andreas Beyer ; Michael Matthies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals by Andreas Beyer ; Michael Matthies |
| title_short | Criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals |
| title_sort | criteria for atmospheric long range transport potential and persistence of pesticides and industrial chemicals |
| topic | Umwelt Air Pollution Pesticides Environmental aspects Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd Pflanzenschutzmittel (DE-588)4045587-7 gnd Industriechemikalie (DE-588)4226178-8 gnd Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 gnd Abbaubarkeit (DE-588)4313172-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Umwelt Air Pollution Pesticides Environmental aspects Atmosphäre Pflanzenschutzmittel Industriechemikalie Räumliche Verteilung Abbaubarkeit |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009852469&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012335741 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT beyerandreas criteriaforatmosphericlongrangetransportpotentialandpersistenceofpesticidesandindustrialchemicals AT matthiesmichael criteriaforatmosphericlongrangetransportpotentialandpersistenceofpesticidesandindustrialchemicals AT beyerandreas ubafb000248 AT matthiesmichael ubafb000248 |