Yemen in the 1990s: from unification to economic reform
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C.
Internat. Monetary Fund
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund
208 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 122 S. :Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1589060423 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Yemen in the 1990s |b from unification to economic reform |c Klaus Enders ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, D.C. |b Internat. Monetary Fund |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a IX, 122 S. :Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1990-1999 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economische politiek |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economische situatie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftspolitik | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4066399-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Yemen (Republic) |x Economic policy | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129201264001024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface vii
List of Abbreviations viii
I Overview I
II External Environment: Politics, Oil, and Debt 3
Political Developments: Unity, Gulf Crisis, Civil War,
and Democracy 3
Yemen s Emergence as an Oil Producer 5
External Debt 11
III Macroeconomic Policy During 1990 99 15
Crisis, Controls, and Stagnation: Macroeconomic Policies
During 1990 94 16
Reform and the Return of Stability and Growth During 1995 99 20
Preserving the Oil Wealth: A Long Term View of Yemen s Fiscal
Policy Stance 22
IV Microeconomic Reforms 26
Foreign Exchange Regime and Foreign Trade Reforms 26
Tax Reform 30
Public Expenditure Reform 32
Reform of the Regulatory Environment 37
Privatization 40
Financial Sector Reforms 41
V Poverty and Social Safety Net Policies 47
Pensions 47
The Social Welfare Fund and Other Cash Transfers 48
The Social Fund for Development 48
Informal Safety Nets and Development Support Organizations 50
VI Economic Performance from 1990 to 1999 52
Growth and Employment 52
Inflation 60
Poverty and Social Indicators 62
Saving, Investment, and External Vulnerability 68
Annexes
I Tourism Sector in Yemen: Problems and Prospects 73
II Summary of the Tax System as of end June 2000 77
References ®
Statistical Appendix 82
Boxes
IV 1. Reduction of Subsidies, 1995 99 33
2. The Aden Free Zone 38
3. The Yemeni Banking System 42
VI 4. Accounting for Growth in the Non Oil Sector 54
5. The Role of Qat in the Yemeni Economy 56
6. Provisions of Current Labor Legislation 59
Tables
Section
II 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 1990 99 6
2. Sensitivity to Oil Price Changes, 1990 99 10
3. Oil Related Volatility in the Economy, Compared
with Other Oil Exporters in the Region 11
4. Balance of Payments, 1990 99 13
III 5. Central Government Finance, 1990 99 18
IV 6. Middle Eastern and North African Countries: Trade
Restrictiveness Rating 30
7. Petroleum Products Prices Compared to World Market Levels
(March 2000) 32
8. Adjustments in Administered Retail Prices, 1994—99 35
9. Distribution of Public Employees by Sector, 1998 35
10. Regional Comparison of Expenditures on Defense, Education,
and Health, 1994 98 37
V 11. Social Fund for Development—Accumulated Investment,
Disbursement, Number of Expected Beneficiaries, and Job
Opportunities, up to September 30, 1999, According to Sector 50
VI 12. Macroeconomic Indicators Comparing Pre Reform and
Reform Period, 1991 99 53
13. Distribution of Labor Force by Employment Status,
Age Group (+10 Years), and Gender, 1994 58
14. Student Enrollment and Graduation from Colleges and
Universities in 1998/99 60
15. Phasing of Macroeconomic Adjustment, 1990 99 69
16. Vulnerability Indicators 71
Annex
I 17. Visitor Arrivals and Tourism Revenues 73
18. Average Tourism Statistics Since Unification 74
Statistical Appendix
Al. Social and Demographic Indicators 1995 and 1997 82
A2. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 1994 99 83
A3. Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices,
1994 99 84
A4. Use of Resources at Current Prices, 1994 99 85
A5. Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices,
1994 99 86
A6. Distribution of Employment (Age 15 Years and Over)
by Economic Activity 87
D
A7. Distribution of Employment (Age 10 Years and Over) by Sectors
in Urban and Rural Areas, 1998 87
A8. Household Income and Expenditure, 1998 88
A9. Distribution of Population (10 Years and Over) by
Education Level, Region, and Sex, 1994, 1998 88
A10. Crude Oil Summary, 1994 99 89
All. Oil Exploration Blocks Awarded in 1996 99 90
A12. Domestic Consumption of Petroleum Products, 1994 99 91
A13. Output of Industrial Products, 1994 99 92
A14. Production, Area, and Yield of Major Crops, 1994 99 93
A15. Noncrop Primary Production, 1994 99 94
A16. Consumer Price Index for Urban Areas, 1994 99 94
A17. Domestic Retail Prices for Petroleum Products and Electricity,
1995 2000 95
A18. Summary of Central Government Finance, 1994 99 96
A19. Composition of Central Government Revenues, 1994 99 98
A20. Composition of Central Government Expenditure, 1994 99 99
A21. Current and Capital Transfers to Public Enterprises, 1994 98 100
A22. Monetary Survey, 1994 99 101
A23. Factors Affecting Domestic Liquidity, 1994 99 102
A24. Balance Sheet of the Central Bank, 1994 99 103
A25. Balance Sheet of the Commercial Banks, 1994 99 104
A26. Interest Rates, 1994 99 106
A27. Distribution of Commercial Bank Credit to the
Nongovernment Sector 107
A28. Commercial and Specialized Banks as of December 31, 1999 108
A29. Indicators of Banking System Financial Soundness, 1997 99 109
A30. Balance of Payments, 1994 99 110
A31. Composition of Exports and Re Exports, 1994 99 112
A32. Direction of Exports and Re Exports, 1994 99 113
A33. Composition of Imports, 1994 99 114
A34. Sources of Imports, 1994 99 115
A35. Enterprises Privatized/Liquidated, 1997 99 116
A36. Enterprises to be Privatized/Liquidated 117
A37. Social Fund for Development: Total Investment and
Disbursement up to September 30, 1999 120
Figures
Section
II 1. Actual and Projected Crude Oil Production and
Government Share 7
2. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Crude
Oil Exports and Revenue 9
III 3. Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates 15
4. Government Revenue from Oil and Taxes 16
5. Customs Revenue 16
6. Fiscal Balance and Civil Service Wage Bill 17
7. Interest Rates 19
8. Government Non Oil Saving and National Wealth 25
IV 9. Nominal Rial Dollar Exchange Rates 27
10. Domestic Wholesale Prices of Petroleum Products 34
11. Credit and Currency Ratios 44
12. Money Velocities and Multipliers 44
13. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Liquidity
and Credit Ratios 45
a
14. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Money
Multipliers and Credit Indicators 45
VI 15. Composition of Real GDP 52
16. Inflation, Money Growth, and Budget Financing 61
17. Selected Commodity Price Indices 62
18. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators:
Dependency Ratios 63
19. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators:
Adult Illiteracy Rate 64
20. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Life
Expectancy at Birth 65
21. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Infant
Mortality Rate 66
22. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Access
to Safe Water 67
23. Saving and Investment 70
Annex
24. Visitor Arrivals 73
The following symbols have been used throughout this paper:
... to indicate that data are not available;
n.a. to indicate not applicable;
— to indicate that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown, or that the item
does not exist;
between years or months (i.e., 1997 98 or January June) to indicate the years or months
covered, including the beginning and ending years or months;
/ between years or months (i.e., 1997/98) to indicate a crop or fiscal (financial) year.
Billion means a thousand million; trillion means a thousand billion.
Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
The term country, as used in this paper, does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that
is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers some territorial
entities that are not states, but for which statistical data are maintained and provided interna¬
tionally on a separate and independent basis.
B
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| geographic | Yemen (Republic) Economic conditions Yemen (Republic) Economic policy Jemen (DE-588)4073009-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Yemen (Republic) Economic conditions Yemen (Republic) Economic policy Jemen |
| id | DE-604.BV014305307 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:01:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1589060423 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009812765 |
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| physical | IX, 122 S. :Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Klaus Enders ... Washington, D.C. Internat. Monetary Fund 2002 IX, 122 S. :Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund 208 Geschichte 1990-1999 gnd rswk-swf Economische politiek gtt Economische situatie gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Yemen (Republic) Economic conditions Yemen (Republic) Economic policy Jemen (DE-588)4073009-8 gnd rswk-swf Jemen (DE-588)4073009-8 g Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s Geschichte 1990-1999 z DE-604 Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s DE-188 Enders, Klaus Sonstige oth International Monetary Fund Occasional paper 208 (DE-604)BV002597241 208 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009812765&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Economische politiek gtt Economische situatie gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4073009-8 |
| title | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform |
| title_auth | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform |
| title_exact_search | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform |
| title_full | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Klaus Enders ... |
| title_fullStr | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Klaus Enders ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Klaus Enders ... |
| title_short | Yemen in the 1990s |
| title_sort | yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform |
| title_sub | from unification to economic reform |
| topic | Economische politiek gtt Economische situatie gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Economische politiek Economische situatie Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftsentwicklung Yemen (Republic) Economic conditions Yemen (Republic) Economic policy Jemen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009812765&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002597241 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT endersklaus yemeninthe1990sfromunificationtoeconomicreform |