The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe: the case of Shamva district
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Uppsala
Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences
2001
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae / Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences : Agraria
297 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zugl.: Uppsala, Sveriges Lantbruksuniv., Diss., 2001 |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 295 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9157658056 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe |b the case of Shamva district |c Prosper Bvumiranayi Matondi |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Nachhaltigkeit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainable development |z Zimbabwe |z Shamva District | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water rights |z Zimbabwe |z Shamva District | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe
Autor: Matondi, Prosper Bvumiranayi
Jahr: 2001
Table of Contents
Abstract...........................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgements.........................................................................................iii
List of Tables..................................................................................................ix
List of Figures.................................................................................................ix
List of Boxes.....................................................................................................x
List of Maps.....................................................................................................x
List of Acronyms...........................................................................................xii
Chapter One: Setting the Research Problem..................................................1
1.1 Introduction.........................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives of the Study and Major Questions.......................................5
1.2.1 Access to Land and Water............................................................5
1.2.2 Conflicts and Relationships over Access to Land and Water.........8
1.2.3 Institutional Framework for Land and Water Management..........10
1.3 Background to the Research Problem.................................................11
1.3.1 Framework for Water Resources Development...........................11
1.3.2 Land Use Issues..........................................................................15
1.3.3 Settler Selection and Access to Land...........................................16
1.4 Zimbabwe s Tenure Systems and Landholding Patterns.....................19
1.4.1 Land Tenure Debates..................................................................19
1.4.2 Land Holding Patterns in Zimbabwe...........................................23
1.5 Layout of the Thesis..........................................................................26
Chapter Two: Key Conceptual and Theoretical Issues................................28
2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................28
2.2 Access and Exclusion to Land and Natural Resources........................29
2.2.1 Framework for Access to Land and Water..................................29
2.2.2 Exclusion, Inclusion and the Search for Security.........................31
2.2.3 Broadening the Entitlement Factor for Access to Land and Water35
2.2.4 The Actors and Strategies they use in Accessing Land and Water
Resources.................................................................................................38
2.2.5 Accessing Land and Water through Institutional Facilitation.......44
2.3 Conflicts and Relations over Land and Water Resources....................46
2.3.1 The Concept of Conflict Revisited..............................................46
2.3.2 Historical Factors Contributing to Conflicts................................48
2.3.3 Resource Scarcity and Micro-Conflicts.......................................49
2.3.4 Relationships and Resources Benefits.........................................51
2.3.5 Conflict Mediation Framework...................................................53
2.4 Territoriality in Land and Natural Resources Management.................54
2.4.1 Concept of Territoriality.............................................................54
2.4.2 Territorial Exclusion...................................................................56
2.4.3 Institutional Issues and Emerging Territorialism.........................57
2.4.4 Power, Symbolism and Territories..............................................60
2.4.5 Territories and Resource Control................................................63
2.5 Summary and Key Issues...................................................................64
Chapter Three: Methodology and Study Area.............................................66
3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................66
3.2 Methodological Issues.......................................................................67
3.2.1 The Entry Level: Household.......................................................67
3.2.2 Access to Land and Water..........................................................69
3.2.3 Conflicts over Access to Land and Water....................................71
3.2.4 Territoriality and Institutional Issues...........................................73
3.3 The Level of Study and Methods Used..............................................74
3.3.1 The Level of Study.....................................................................74
3.3.2 Approaches Used in the Collection of Data.................................77
3.3.3 Data Analysis and Interpretation.................................................88
3.4 The Fieldwork Experiences and Challenges.......................................89
3.5 The Study Area.................................................................................92
3.5.1 Zimbabwe: The Country and Governance Structure....................92
3.5.2 Shamva District..........................................................................96
3.5.3 Justification for Selecting Shamva............................................109
3.6 Summary.........................................................................................112
Chapter Four: Access to Land and Water Resources in Shamva District. 114
4.1 Introduction.....................................................................................114
4.2 Exclusion from Above in Shamva....................................................115
4.3 Entitlement from the Bottom in Shamva..........................................118
4.3.1 Formal Entitlement to Land......................................................118
4.3.2 Conventional Forms of Entitlement to Water............................123
4.4 Principal Forms of Access to Land and Water Resources in Shamva 126
4.4.1 Changing Patterns of Inheritance and Garden Allocation...........126
4.4.2 Land Renting and Borrowing Arrangements.............................128
4.4.3 Land Sharing Arrangements.....................................................134
4.4.4 Patterns of Poaching and Thefts................................................136
4.4.5 Land Occupation......................................................................141
4.5 Land Use and Access to Land and Water Resources.........................145
4.5.1 Land Use Patterns and Benefits of Resettlement........................145
4.5.2 Contestation of Household Land Size.......................................151
4.5.3 Expansion of Landholdings......................................................155
4.5.4 Access and Social Differentiation.............................................157
4.6 Accessing Land and Water through Institutional Facilitation............161
4.6.1 Participation in Water User Board and Community Projects......161
4.6.2 State and Traditional Leaders Land Allocation..........................164
4.6.3 Land, Water and Relations to Markets......................................168
4.7 Summary of Key Issues...................................................................170
Chapter Five: Conflicts over Access to Land and Water in Shamva District
......................................................................................................................173
5.1 Introduction.....................................................................................173
5.2 Conflict Dimensions over Access to Land and Water in Shamva......176
5.2.1 Summary of Conflict Types......................................................176
5.2.2 Conflicts within the Context of History and Culture..................179
5.3 Communal Area Based Forms of Conflicts......................................181
5.3.1 Conflicts over Access to Grazing Areas....................................181
5.3.2 Conflicts over Access to Dambo Resources..............................186
5.3.3 Squatting and Large-Scale Land Occupations...........................188
5.4 Resettlement Based Conflicts..........................................................191
5.4.1 Contestation of Land Size and Use of Land in Irrigation Schemes
191
5.4.2 Squabbles over Access to Water...............................................192
5.4.3 Conflicts over Production, Marketing and Management............195
5.4.4 Social Conflicts within Irrigation and Resettlement Schemes.... 198
5.4.5 Strategies for Conflict Management..........................................200
5.5 Conflict between Villagers and the Leadership................................203
5.5.1 Conflict over Leadership...........................................................203
5.5.2 Conflicts over Allocation of Resettlement Land........................205
5.5.3 Devolution without Empowerment.............................................208
5.6 Conflict over Micro-Projects............................................................211
5.7 Relationships...................................................................................214
5.8 Summary and Key Issues.................................................................216
Chapter Six: Institutional Issues Governing Access to Land and Water ..219
6.1 Introduction.....................................................................................219
6.2 Institutions and the Laws Governing Access to Natural Resources...222
6.2.1 The Institutional Framework.....................................................222
6.2.2 The Statutes Governing Access to Land....................................225
6.3 Experience of Institutions in Resettlement Schemes.........................228
6.3.1 Nature of Institutions within Resettlements...............................228
6.3.2 Irrigation Management Committees..........................................231
6.3.3 Problems of Water Control and Management............................233
6.4 Institutions within Communal Lands................................................236
6.4.1 Premises of Traditional Institutions...........................................236
6.4.2 Community Based Social Networks and their Roles..................242
6.5 Territoriality, Boundaries and the Search for Institutions..................245
6.5.1 Multiple Resources Units of Governance: Is There Confusion?. 245
6.5.2 CBNRM and What It Does Not Do!..........................................249
6.5.3 Struggle for Power to Allocate Land.........................................251
6.6 Summary and Key Issues.................................................................254
Chapter Seven: Discussion and Conclusion----------------...........................256
7.1 Introduction.....................................................................................256
7.2 Access to Land and Water...............................................................257
7.2.1 Key Ways in Which Land Is Accessed......................................257
7.2.2 Access to Water Resources.......................................................262
7.3 Conflict over Access to Land and Water Resources.........................263
7.3.1 Broader Conflict Issues in Shamva District...............................263
vu
7.3.2 Conflict over Access to Land....................................................266
7.3.3 Conflict over Access to Water Resources..................................267
7.3.4 Insecurity over Land Rights......................................................268
7.4 Institutional Issues...........................................................................272
7.4.1 Broader Institutional Issues.......................................................272
7.4.3 Communal Area Based Institutional Arrangements...................274
7.4.4 CBNRM and Resource Sharing Arrangements..........................275
7.4.5 Institutional Accountability.......................................................277
7.5 Conclusion......................................................................................278
References....................................................................................................283
vm
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Farm Sizes and Their Features in Zimbabwe................................25
Table 3.1: Respondents in Communal and Resettlement Areas.....................80
Table 3.2: Key Informants During the Course of the Fieldwork (1999-2000) 82
Table 3.3: Focused Group Discussions Carried out in the Sites (1999-2000). 85
Table 3.4: Progress of Resettlement in Shamva District................................95
Table 4.1: Registers of Residents in Mutumba Ward (1995-2000)..............120
Table 4.2: Plotholders and Registers of those on the Waiting List (1995-2000)
121
Table 4.3: Time at which Dambo Gardens were Allocated Across Villages 127
Table 4.4: Incidences of Poaching/Theft of Produce and Natural Resources
(2000).......................................................................................138
Table 4.5: Average Number of Known Squatters Across the Villages Sampled
143
Table 4.6: Crops Produced by Households on the Dambos in Mutumba Ward
(1999-2000)..............................................................................148
Table 4.7: Area for Crops Grown at Principe Irrigation Scheme (1994-2000).
149
Table 4.8: General Household Agricultural Assets Possession in Resettlement
Schemes....................................................................................150
Table 4.9: Land Area Planted in the 1999-2000 Season..............................152
Table 4.10: Sizes of Gardens in the Sampled Villages..................................154
Table 4.11: Reasons for Expanding Gardens in Mutumba Ward...................156
Table 4.12: Time When Garden was Last Extended.....................................157
Table 4.13: Number of Dropouts at Principe Irrigation Scheme....................169
Table 5.1: Respondents by Conflict Type in Mutumba Ward......................187
Table 5.2: Perceptions of Land Occupations in Resettlement and Communal
Areas.........................................................................................189
Table 5.3: Conflicts in Resettlement Schemes............................................198
Table 5.4: Resettlement Selection Criteria for Rustington and Chewarika
Farms........................................................................................207
Table 5.5: Security of Tenure in the Resettlement Areas.............................209
Table 5.6: Security of Tenure in Communal Areas.....................................210
Table 5.7: Nature of Relationships with Resettlement Farmers...................215
Table 5.8: Nature of Relationships with Communal Farmers......................215
Table 6.1: Respondents Participation in Collective Village Activities (Column
%).............................................................................................243
Table 6.2: Informal Activities Carried Out by Respondents (Column %).... 244
Table 6.3: Respondents Preferred Areas for Resettlement (Column %).......248
Table 6.4: Respondents Responses on Who was Responsible for Land
Allocation.................................................................................252
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Evolution of Settler Selection in the Resettlement Programme.....17
Figure 2.1: Access Rights Wielded by Different Resource Users and Owners 32
Figure 2.2: The Multiplicity of Uses Derived from Land and Water.................37
IX
Figure 2.3: Land and Water Seekers in the Smallholder Sector......................39
Figure 2.4: Classification of Conflict Types in Land and Natural Resources ..47
Figure 2.5: Conflict Dimension over Access to Land and Natural Resources..50
Figure 3.1: The Levels, Units and Study Approach........................................75
Figure 3.2: Hierarchical Guide to Field Data Collection in Zimbabwe (1999-
2000)...........................................................................................78
Figure 3.3: Types of Resettlement Models in Zimbabwe................................94
Figure 3.4: Key Characteristics of the Study Sites........................................Ill
Figure 4.1: Key processes and events in Shamva District (1912-2000).........116
Figure 4.2: Key Characteristics of Squatters in Zimbabwe........................142
Figure 4.3: Multiple Usage of Dambos in Mutumba....................................146
Figure 4.4: Community based projects in Mutumba Ward (2000)................162
Figure 5.1: Summary of Land and Natural Resources Conflicts in Mutumba Ward
177
Figure 5.2: Cases of Land Disputes in Shamva District................................182
Figure 5.3: Problems with Respect to Irrigation Farming at Principe............196
Figure 5.4: Objectives and Principles of Key Actors across Projects in
Mutumba...................................................................................212
Figure 6.1: Types of Smallholder Institutions in Land and Water Sectors.....220
Figure 6.2: State-Based Institutional Map of Shamva District......................223
Figure 6.3: Legislation Guiding State in Decentralized Development...........226
Figure 6.4: Hierarchical Structure of Traditional Institutions in Shamva District
237
Figure 6.5: Management Regimes of Land and Water in Mutumba..............246
List of Boxes
Box 1.1: Study Objectives..............................................................................5
Box 3.1: Checklist of Issues Covered in the Transect Walks.........................87
Box 4.1: Rights Based on Use at Principe Irrigation Scheme......................125
Box 4.2: Settling in Kufinya Village by Mr. Pencil.....................................132
Box 4.3: Land Allocation to Outsiders in Headman Kufinya s Village........144
Box 4.4: Kushinga Garden Project, Musiiwa Village..................................163
Box 5.1: Taking the Elders down Memory Lane in Madziwa......................179
Box 5.2: Case 1: Allocation of Grazing Lands by Headman Mukoshori......183
Box 5.3: Case 2: Allocation of Grazing Land by Headman Mukoshori.......184
Box 5.4: Principe Irrigation Scheme B Constitution....................................201
Box 5.5: Tsakare Irrigation Scheme Constitution........................................202
Box 5.6: Acquisition of Land for the Zunde Ramambo Programme.............204
Box 5.7: Unauthorised Land Allocations and Vacant Plots at Principe........206
Box 6.1: Duties of Chiefs...........................................................................239
Box 6.2: Duties of the Headman.................................................................240
Box 6.3: Duties of Village Heads (Kraal heads)..........................................241
List of Maps
Map 1.1: Zimbabwe Farming Regions........................................................24
Map 3.1: Zimbabwe s Provincial Boundaries.............................................92
Map 3.2: Mazowe and Zimbabwe s Catchment Areas.................................93
Map 3.3: Shamva and Mt. Darwin Districts in Mashonaland West Province97
Map 3.4: Mutumba Dambo Area..............................................................100
Map 3.5: Tsakare Resettlement Scheme....................................................103
Map 3.6: Principe Irrigation Scheme........................................................107
Map 3.7: The Three Case Study Sites.......................................................110
Map 4.1: Mazowe Catchment Area...........................................................124
Map 5.1: Water Drainage Pattern in Shamva District................................193
XI
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:00:19Z |
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| spelling | Matondi, Prosper Bvumiranayi Verfasser aut The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district Prosper Bvumiranayi Matondi Uppsala Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences 2001 XIII, 295 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae / Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences : Agraria 297 Zugl.: Uppsala, Sveriges Lantbruksuniv., Diss., 2001 Nachhaltigkeit Politik Sustainable development Zimbabwe Shamva District Water rights Zimbabwe Shamva District Water-supply Government policy Zimbabwe Shamva District (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae Agraria ; 297 (DE-604)BV010948960 297 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009768919&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Matondi, Prosper Bvumiranayi The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district Nachhaltigkeit Politik Sustainable development Zimbabwe Shamva District Water rights Zimbabwe Shamva District Water-supply Government policy Zimbabwe Shamva District |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district |
| title_auth | The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district |
| title_exact_search | The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district |
| title_full | The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district Prosper Bvumiranayi Matondi |
| title_fullStr | The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district Prosper Bvumiranayi Matondi |
| title_full_unstemmed | The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe the case of Shamva district Prosper Bvumiranayi Matondi |
| title_short | The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe |
| title_sort | the struggle for access to land and water resources in zimbabwe the case of shamva district |
| title_sub | the case of Shamva district |
| topic | Nachhaltigkeit Politik Sustainable development Zimbabwe Shamva District Water rights Zimbabwe Shamva District Water-supply Government policy Zimbabwe Shamva District |
| topic_facet | Nachhaltigkeit Politik Sustainable development Zimbabwe Shamva District Water rights Zimbabwe Shamva District Water-supply Government policy Zimbabwe Shamva District Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009768919&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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