Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
World Health Organization
2001
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Environmental health criteria
225 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in franz. und span. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 187 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9241572256 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129069370966016 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR
PRINCIPLES FOR EVALUATING HEALTH RISKS TO
REPRODUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO
CHEMICALS
PREAMBLE ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xx
1. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1
1.1 Summary 1
1.2 Recommendations 4
2. INTRODUCTION 7
3. PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION 11
3.1 Introduction 11
3.2 Reproductive endocrinology 11
3.2.1 Gonadal function 11
3.2.2 Basic elements underlying normal
development 16
3.3 Female reproductive physiology 17
3.3.1 Ovarian development and oogenesis 17
3.3.2 Functional morphology of the ovary 18
3.3.2.1 Folliculogenesis 19
3.3.2.2 Intraovarian signalling 21
3.3.3 Neuroendocrine regulation of ovarian
function and reproductive cycling 24
3.3.3.1 Hypothalamus 24
3.3.3.2 Pituitary 24
3.3.3.3 Patterns of ovarian response 25
3.3.4 Effects of hormones on reproductive tract
and breast 25
3.4 Male reproductive physiology 26
EHC 225: Principles for Evaluating Health Risks to Reproduction
3.4.1 Testes 26
3.4.2 Spermatogenesis 27
3.4.3 Intratesticular signalling 29
3.5 Mating behaviour 29
3.6 Gamete transport 31
3.7 Fertilization 32
3.8 In utero development 33
3.8.1 Blastogenesis 33
3.8.2 Implantation 34
3.8.3 Placentation 35
3.8.3.1 Yolk sac placenta 36
3.8.3.2 Chorioallantoic placenta 36
3.8.3.3 Placental steroidogenesis 38
3.9 Embryogenesis 38
3.10 Fetal development 46
3.11 Gestation 49
3.12 Gametogenesis and gonadogenesis 49
3.12.1 Gamete development 49
3.12.2 Gonadal and genital development 50
3.13 Parturition 51
3.14 Lactation 51
3.15 Maturation (postnatal) 52
3.16 Reproductive senescence 54
3.17 Summary 54
4. EVALUATION OF ALTERED SEXUAL FUNCTION
AND FERTILITY 56
4.1 Introduction 56
4.2 Experimental data 56
4.2.1 In vivo experimental data 56
4.2.1.1 Introduction 56
4.2.1.2 General evaluation of sexual
function and fertility 57
4.2.1.3 Evaluation of male specific
end points of sexual function and
fertility 58
4.2.1.4 Evaluation of female specific
end points of sexual function and
fertility 64
4.2.2 In vitro experimental data 71
iv
4.2.2.1 Introduction 71
4.2.2.2 Cell and tissue culture systems 72
4.2.2.3 In vitro fertilization studies 72
4.2.2.4 Other in vitro systems 73
4.2.3 Structure activity relationships 73
4.2.4 Methods to assess endocrine disruption 74
4.3 Human data 74
4.3.1 Introduction 74
4.3.2 Fecundity and fertility 74
4.3.2.1 Male end points 77
4.3.2.2 Female end points 79
4.4 Summary 80
5. EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY 81
5.1 Introduction 81
5.2 Background information on abnormal development 82
5.2.1 Critical periods during development 82
5.2.1.1 Prenatal toxicity and structural
defects 83
5.2.1.2 Fetal and postnatal developmental
defects 84
5.2.2 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 84
5.2.3 Gene environment interactions 88
5.2.4 Site and mechanism of action 89
5.2.4.1 Mechanisms of developmental
toxicity 89
5.2.4.2 Site of action of developmental
toxicants 90
5.2.5 Nutrition 91
5.3 Experimental data 92
5.3.1 In vivo experimental data: structural and
functional aspects 92
5.3.1.1 Prenatal observations 92
5.3.1.2 Postnatal manifestations 94
5.3.1.3 Male mediated developmental
toxicity and transplacental
carcinogenesis 97
5.3.2 In vitro systems 99
5.3.2.1 Embryonic stem cell test 100
5.3.2.2 Whole embryo culture 100
v
EHC 225: Principles for Evaluating Health Risks to Reproduction
5.3.2.3 Organ culture systems 102
5.3.2.4 Cell and tissue culture 103
5.3.3 Human developmental toxicity studies 103
5.3.3.1 Outcomes measured in the
newborn period 104
5.3.3.2 Outcomes measured in infancy
and childhood 106
5.3.3.3 Outcomes measured in adulthood 107
5.3.4 Special considerations for developmental
toxicity studies in humans 108
5.4 Summary 109
6. RISK ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES FOR
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 110
6.1 Introduction 110
6.2 Testing strategies and protocols 111
6.2.1 Pharmaceutical agents 112
6.2.2 Chemicals 113
6.3 Sources of data on reproductive toxicity 114
6.4 Hazard identification 116
6.5 Human studies 117
6.5.1 Criteria for establishing causality 119
6.5.2 Potential bias in data collection 120
6.5.3 Collection of data on other risk factors,
effect modifiers and confounders 121
6.5.4 Examination of clusters, case reports
or series 122
6.5.5 Community studies and surveillance
programmes 122
6.6 Evaluation of dose response relationships 124
6.6.1 Quantitative dose response assessment 126
6.6.2 Determination of the NOAEL, LOAEL,
BMD and guidance levels 126
6.6.3 Low dose estimation/extrapolation 128
6.7 Exposure assessment 129
6.8 Risk characterization 131
6.8.1 Characterization of the database 131
6.8.2 Risk descriptors 134
6.9 Summary 136
vi
REFERENCES 138
APPENDIX: TERMINOLOGY 169
RESUME ET RECOMMANDATIONS 174
RESUMEN Y RECOMENDACIONES 181
VII
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| id | DE-604.BV014191218 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:59:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9241572256 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009726654 |
| oclc_num | 248645801 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Er8 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Er8 |
| physical | XXI, 187 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | World Health Organization |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Environmental health criteria |
| series2 | Environmental health criteria |
| spelling | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals initial drafts prep. by P. Foster ... Geneva World Health Organization 2001 XXI, 187 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Environmental health criteria 225 Zsfassung in franz. und span. Sprache Teratogenität (DE-588)4583871-9 gnd rswk-swf Fertilitätsstörung (DE-588)4154157-1 gnd rswk-swf Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd rswk-swf Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 s Teratogenität (DE-588)4583871-9 s DE-604 Fertilitätsstörung (DE-588)4154157-1 s Foster, P. Sonstige oth Environmental health criteria 225 (DE-604)BV000011459 225 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009726654&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals Environmental health criteria Teratogenität (DE-588)4583871-9 gnd Fertilitätsstörung (DE-588)4154157-1 gnd Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4583871-9 (DE-588)4154157-1 (DE-588)4117281-4 |
| title | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals |
| title_auth | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals |
| title_exact_search | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals |
| title_full | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals initial drafts prep. by P. Foster ... |
| title_fullStr | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals initial drafts prep. by P. Foster ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals initial drafts prep. by P. Foster ... |
| title_short | Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals |
| title_sort | principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals |
| topic | Teratogenität (DE-588)4583871-9 gnd Fertilitätsstörung (DE-588)4154157-1 gnd Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Teratogenität Fertilitätsstörung Umweltchemikalie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009726654&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000011459 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fosterp principlesforevaluatinghealthriskstoreproductionassociatedwithexposuretochemicals |