Verfügbarkeit: The immunoassay handbook

The immunoassay handbook:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	London [u.a.] Nature Publ. Group 2001
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schlagworte:	Immunoassay Immunodosage - Guides, manuels, etc Immunoassay > Handbooks, manuals, etc Immunoassay > methods Immunoassay > standards Immunassay
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXIX, 906 S. zahlr. graph. Darst.
ISBN:	1561592706

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MARC


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245	1	0	\|a The immunoassay handbook \|c ed. by David Wild
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	IMAGE 1 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS XX PREFACE XXIV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XXVII FOREWORD XXVIII PART 1 PRINCIPLES 1 INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOASSAY PRINCIPLES CHRIS DAVIES 3 IMMUNOASSAY FOR BEGINNERS 3 KINETICS OF ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN INTERACTIONS 5 IMMUNOASSAY DESIGN 11 COMPETITIVE (REAGENT LIMITED) ASSAYS 13 SINGLE-SITE IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAYS 14 TWO-SITE IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAYS (REAGENT EXCESS) 14 DETERMINANTS OF ASSAY SENSITIVITY 15 DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ANTIBODIES 30 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SOLID-PHASE IMMUNOASSAYS 32 COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL IMMUNOASSAY PERFORMANCE 37 2 ANTI-COMPLEX AND SELECTIVE ANTIBODY IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAYS FOR SMALL MOLECULES COLIN H. SELF AND LARRY A. WINGER 41 INTRODUCTION 41 THE ANTI-COMPLEX ASSAY 41 ENHANCED SPECIFICITY 42 THE MULTIPLE BINDING ASSAY 44 THE SELECTIVE ANTIBODY IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAY 44 CONCLUSIONS 44 3 AMBIENT ANALYTE ASSAY ROGER EKINS 46 INTRODUCTION 46 BASIC THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES 47 APPLICATIONS OF THE AMBIENT ANALYTE ASSAY PRINCIPLE 48 MICROSPOT ASSAYS 49 FREE (NON-PROTEIN BOUND) HORMONE IMMUNOASSAYS 57 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLE 59 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 59 4 FREE ANALYTE IMMUNOASSAY ME D. CHRISTOFIDES 61 BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE FREE HORMONE CONCENTRATION 61 CALCULATION OF FREE ANALYTE CONCENTRATION 61 SPREADSHEET FOR CALCULATION OF FREE ANALYTE CONCENTRATION 62 EFFECT OF SERUM PROTEINS ON FREE ANALYTE CONCENTRATION 65 IN VITRO MEASUREMENT OF FREE ANALYTE CONCENTRATION 66 DIRECT EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS 66 IMMUNOASSAYS FOR FREE ANALYTES 68 TESTS OF VALIDITY (ACCURACY) 74 CONCLUDING REMARKS 76 5 CONCEPTS CHRIS DAVIES 78 ASSAY CONCEPTS 78 ASSAY SENSITIVITY 78 ACCURACY AND BIAS 78 IMAGE 2 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK PRECISION AND IMPRECISION 79 CROSS-REACTIVITY 83 INTERFERENCE 86 RECOVERY 89 DILUTION 90 CORRELATION AND METHOD COMPARISON 90 ASSAY DRIFT 94 CLINICAL CONCEPTS 95 DIAGNOSIS 96 REFERENCE INTERVAL 96 CLINICAL SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY 98 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUES 100 PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL UTILITY 100 LIKELIHOOD RATIO 101 CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT, ROC CURVES 102 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL PERFORMANCE 103 PROBABILISTIC INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS 103 ANALYTICAL GOALS 104 SUMMARY 107 IMMUNOASSAY DEVELOPMENT IN THE IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC INDUSTRY DOUG BRANDT AND STEVE FIGARD 111 ASSAY DESIGN OVERVIEW 111 THE NEEDS OF THE CUSTOMER 111 THE CAPABILITY OF THE TECHNOLOGY 112 THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSISTENT MANUFACTURING 112 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN IMMUNOASSAY DEVELOPMENT 112 PREAMBLE 112 THE PROCESS IN OVERVIEW 113 THE PROBLEMS ASSUAGED BY DOE 113 THE PARTICULARS 113 FOUR KEY ASSAY DESIGN PRINCIPLES 115 PLAN FIRST 115 THINK FROM A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE 115 SIMPLIFY THE APPROACH 116 ESTABLISH SPECIFICATIONS BEFORE STARTING 117 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 117 ANTIBODIES ERY LIDDELL 118 INTRODUCTION 118 ANTIBODY STRUCTURE 118 THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN VIVO 119 ANTIBODY DIVERSITY 121 IMMUNIZATION 121 IMMUNOGEN 121 POLYCLONAL ANTISERA 122 PURIFICATION OF ANTISERA 123 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 123 IMMUNE LYMPHOCYTES 124 MYELOMA CELL LINES 125 CELL FUSION 126 HYBRID SELECTION 126 ANTIBODY SCREENING TESTS 126 CLONING 127 STORAGE AND PROPAGATION 127 HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 128 PURIFICATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 128 IMAGE 3 CONTENTS ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS 128 BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES 129 CHIMERIC AND HUMANIZED ANTIBODIES 130 RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES 130 RECOMBINANT PHAGE ANTIBODY LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION 130 SELECTION OF SPECIFIC PHAGE ANTIBODIES 133 ALTERING ANTIBODY CHARACTERISTICS 133 SYNTHETIC RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES 133 BIVALENT AND BISPECIFIC GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ANTIBODIES 134 ANTIBODY CONJUGATES AND FUSION PROTEINS IN DIAGNOSTICS 134 POLYCLONAL, MONOCLONAL OR RECOMBINANT? 134 STANDARDIZATION AND CALIBRATION DAVID WILD 140 STANDARDIZATION 140 THE ROLE OF EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT (PROFICIENCY TESTING) SCHEMES 140 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 141 DEFINITIVE AND REFERENCE METHODS 142 OTHER REFERENCE MATERIALS 143 HETEROGENEITY OF STANDARD MATERIAL 143 METHOD-RELATED CAUSES OF STANDARDIZATION DIFFERENCES 143 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ASSAY OF ANTIBODIES 145 CALIBRATION 146 ANALYTE 146 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 146 SECONDARY STANDARDS 146 CALIBRATORS 146 STANDARD AND CALIBRATOR MATRICES 147 REDUCED AND STORED CALIBRATION CURVES 147 RECOVERY AND DILUTION 148 SEPARATION SYSTEMS DAVID WILD 149 LIQUID-PHASE SEPARATIONS 149 ELECTROPHORESIS 149 GEL FILTRATION 149 DEXTRAN-COATED CHARCOAL 150 PRECIPITATION BY SALTS, ORGANIC SOLVENTS AND POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 150 DOUBLE (SECOND) ANTIBODY PRECIPITATION 150 PEG-ASSISTED SECOND ANTIBODY PRECIPITATION 150 ASPIRATION AND DECANTATION METHODS 150 SURFACE-COATED SOLID-PHASES 151 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PROTEIN BINDING TO PLASTIC SURFACES 151 COVALENT ATTACHMENT OF PROTEINS TO SOLID-PHASES 154 GLASS AND PLASTIC PARTICLES 154 MAGNETIZABLE PARTICLES 155 TUBES, WELLS AND MICROTITRATION PLATES 155 BEADS 155 COMMON SOLID-PHASE 156 MEMBRANE FILTRATION 156 IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY 156 WESTERN BLOT 156 WASHING 157 COMPETITIVE ASSAYS 157 IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAYS 157 REMOVAL OF INTERFERING SUBSTANCES 157 THE MECHANICS OF WASHING 157 IMAGE 4 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK 10 SIGNAL GENERATION AND DETECTION SYSTEMS (EXCLUDING HOMOGENEOUS ASSAYS) LARRY KRICKA AND DAVID WILD 159 RADIOACTIVE LABELS 159 RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT 159 PREPARATION OF RADIOACTIVE TRACERS 160 ENZYME LABELS 161 COLORIMETRY 162 FLUOROMETRY 162 CHEMILUMINESCENCE 165 ENHANCED CHEMILUMINESCENCE 165 DIRECT FLUORESCENCE 165 LONG WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE 166 TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE 167 DIRECT CHEMILUMINESCENCE 168 BIOLUMINESCENCE 170 PHOSPHORESCENCE 171 MICROPARTICLE LABELS 171 STREPTAVIDIN/AVIDIN-BIOTIN 171 PROTEIN A 173 AMPLIFICATION STRATEGIES 173 MULTIPLE ANALYTES AND MINIATURIZATION 175 11 HOMOGENEOUS IMMUNOASSAYS EDWIN F. UHMAN 177 INTRODUCTION 177 PARTICLE AGGLUTINATION 177 ERYTHROCYTES AND LATEX 177 GOLD SOLS 178 LYSIS IMMUNOASSAYS 179 SPIN IMMUNOASSAYS 180 FLUORESCENT LABELS 180 FLUORESCENT POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY (FPIA) 180 FLUORESCENT RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER (FRET) 182 FLUORESCENCE PROTECTION ASSAYS 183 FLUORESCENCE FLUCTUATION 184 ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS 185 ENZYME-MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE (EMIT 111 ) 185 CHARGE INDUCED ENZYME ACTIVATION 187 ENZYME CHANNELING 187 ENZYME EFFECTOR IMMUNOASSAYS 188 SUBSTRATE-LINKED FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY (SLFIA) 189 ENZYME COFACTOR IMMUNOASSAY 189 ENZYME INHIBITOR IMMUNOASSAY 190 ENZYME COMPLEMENTATION IMMUNOASSAY 190 ISOTOPIC LABELS 191 SCINTILLATION PROXIMITY ASSAY (SPA) 191 ELECTROACTIVE LABELS 192 ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION 192 ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE (ECL) 192 OXYGEN CHANNELING IMMUNOASSAYS 192 LUMINESCENT OXYGEN CHANNELING IMMUNOASSAY (LOCI) 192 CONCLUSION 194 12 CALIBRATION CURVE-FITTING BARRY NIX AND DAVID WILD 198 INTRODUCTION 198 DOSE-RESPONSE METAMETER 198 RESPONSE-ERROR RELATIONSHIP 198 HOMO- AND HETEROSCEDASTICITY 198 IV IMAGE 5 CONTENTS LINEARIZING TRANSFORMATIONS 198 NORMALIZING TRANSFORMATIONS 198 OUTLIERS 199 EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL CURVE-FITTING METHODS 199 LEAST-SQUARES FITTING PROCEDURE 199 WEIGHTED LEAST-SQUARES PROCEDURE 199 PRECISION PROFILES 200 EXAMPLES OF CALIBRATION CURVE-FITTING METHODS 200 HAND-PLOTS 201 LINEAR INTERPOLATION 201 SPLINE FITS 202 POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION 202 LOGIT-LOG AND FOUR-PARAMETER LOG-LOGISTIC METHODS 202 FIVE-PARAMETER LOG-LOGISTIC 205 FOUR-PARAMETER LAW OF MASS ACTION 205 MONITORING THE QUALITY OF CURVE-FITTING 205 STORED CALIBRATION CURVES, FACTORY MASTER CURVES AND ADJUSTERS 205 MASTER CALIBRATION CURVE 206 ADJUSTERS 206 MODELING CALIBRATION CURVE CHANGES OVER SHELF-LIFE 208 USE OF ELECTRONIC DATA TRANSMISSION 208 SUMMARY 208 SUITABLE CALIBRATION CURVE-FIT SOFTWARE 209 13 CONJUGATION METHODS AHSTAIR H. DENT 211 CATEGORIES OF CONJUGATES EMPLOYED IN IMMUNOASSAY 211 PROTEIN-PROTEIN COUPLING 212 FUNCTIONAL CHEMISTRY OF PROTEINS 212 CATEGORIES OF PROTEIN-PROTEIN COUPLING REACTION 214 COMMON PROTEIN-PROTEIN COUPLING METHODS 215 GENETIC ENGINEERING APPROACHES TO PROTEIN CONJUGATION 218 PROTEIN-SMALL MOLECULE COUPLING 219 INTRODUCTION 219 COMMON PROTEIN-SMALL MOLECULE COUPLING METHODS 221 PURIFICATION OF CONJUGATES 223 CHROMATOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO CONJUGATE PURIFICATION 223 OTHER APPROACHES TO CONJUGATE PURIFICATION 226 CHARACTERIZATION OF CONJUGATES 226 CONCLUSION 227 14 IMMUNOLOGICAL BIOSENSORS P. GORDON MALAN 229 AN OVERVIEW 229 AMPEROMETRIC SENSORS 230 POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS 231 MASS-DETECTION SENSORS 232 OPTICAL SENSORS 233 FLUORESCENCE EVANESCENT-WAVE SENSORS 234 FLUORESCENCE CAPILLARY-FILL DEVICE (FCFD) 234 SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE (SPR) SENSORS 235 FLUORESCENCE-ENHANCED SPR SENSORS 237 INTEGRATED OPTICS SENSORS 237 HOLOGRAPHIC SENSORS 237 CONCLUSIONS 237 IMAGE 6 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK PART 2 PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 15 INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY DAVID WILD 243 IMMUNOASSAY PRODUCT TECHNOLOGIES 243 USE OF FLUORESCENCE-LABELED ANTIBODIES 243 AGGLUTINATION ASSAYS 243 RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA) AND IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY (IRMA) 244 HETEROGENEOUS ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY (EIA) 244 HOMOGENEOUS ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY 244 AUTOMATED HOMOGENEOUS BATCH ANALYZER 244 AUTOMATED HETEROGENEOUS BATCH ANALYZER 244 NONRADIOACTIVE SYSTEMS WITH INCREASED SENSITIVITY 245 SEMI-AUTOMATED SYSTEMS 245 AUTOMATED DUAL TECHNOLOGY BATCH ANALYZER 245 AUTOMATED MULTIANALYTE BATCH ANALYZERS 245 RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS WITH BULK REAGENT PACKS 245 UNITIZED RANDOM-ACCESS SYSTEMS 246 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYZERS 246 NEAR-PATIENT TESTS 247 HOME-USE TESTS 247 OTHER APPLICATIONS 247 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 247 16 MARKET TRENDS DAVID HUCKLE AND DAVID WILD 248 IMMUNOASSAY MARKET STATUS 248 ESTABLISHED TRENDS 249 MARKET DRIVERS 249 ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY 250 NEW ANALYTES 252 THE FUTURE OF THE IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS BUSINESS 253 APPLICATION OF MARKETING THEORY TO IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS 253 FUTURE MARKET REQUIREMENTS 254 CHANGES IN THE CUSTOMER BASE 256 POTENTIAL IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES 257 NEW ANALYTES 258 THE ROLE OF THE CLINICAL LABORATORY 259 CONCLUSION 259 SUMMARY OF LIKELY TRENDS IN IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS AND RELATED PRODUCTS 260 17 CHOOSING AN AUTOMATED IMMUNOASSAY SYSTEM LORI J. SOKOLL AND DANIEL W. CHAN 261 DEFINING AUTOMATION GOALS 261 SOURCES OF INFORMATION 261 CONSIDERATIONS AND CRITERIA 262 LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS 262 TEST MENU CONSIDERATIONS 263 TECHNICAL AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS 263 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS 263 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 264 SUMMARY 264 18 AUTOMATED SYSTEM FEATURES ALAIN TRUCHAUD, TANGUY LE NEEL, MURIELLE CAZAUBIEL, BERNARD CAPOLAGHI AND JEAN-PIERRE YVERT 266 INTRODUCTION 266 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF IMMUNOASSAYS 266 CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOASSAY AUTOMATION: WORKSTATIONS VS. INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 267 REAGENT FEATURES 268 VI IMAGE 7 CONTENTS INFREQUENT CALIBRATION 268 TRACEABILITY 268 MULTISELECTIVE TESTING AND CONTINUOUS OPERATION 268 SAMPLE FEATURES 268 SAMPLE INTEGRITY 268 BIOSAFETY 268 DILUTION AND REFLEX TESTING 268 STAT TESTING 268 INCUBATION AND WASHING 269 MEASUREMENT 269 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT/TRACEABILITY 269 MAINTENANCE 269 ERGONOMICS 269 INTEGRATED AUTOMATION 269 CONCLUSION 270 19 OVER-THE-COUNTER PREGNANCY TEST KITS MICHAEL J. WHEELER 271 INTRODUCTION 271 EVALUATION OF OTC KITS 272 USER PREFERENCES 273 FACTORS AFFECTING THE MEASUREMENT OF HCG IN URINE 275 SUMMARY 276 20 FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY: MICRO TRAK TOM HOUTS 278 21 AUTOMATED BATCH ANALYZERS: IMX R KENT FORD 280 22 AUTOMATED BATCH ANALYZERS: STRATUS IMMUNOASSAY SYSTEMS W. N. MCLELLAN AND DAVID PHUT 287 23 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: UNICAP 100 GARETH EVANS AND MATS RILVEN 293 24 AUTOMATED PANEL ANALYZERS PRISM* DINESH SHAH AND JIM STEWART 297 25 UNITIZED REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYSERS: IMMULITE TT ARTHUR L. BABSON 304 26 UNITIZED REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: OPUS* AND OPUS PLUS H. JOSEPH CROWLEY AND MICHAEL A. BAUDUIN REVISED BY ROBERT J. KING AND W. N. MCLELLAN 308 27 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: ETS K PLUS SYSTEM (EMIT 1 ) JOAN CENTOFANTI AND TOM HOUTS 313 28 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: ACS:180 ! SE RICHARD DUDLEY 316 29 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: ACCESS IMMUNOASSAY SYSTEM ROSEMARY WILLETT 320 30 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: AXSYM K THERESA DONAHOE 329 31 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: IMMUNO 1* DAVID A. MORAN 334 32 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: ELECSYS* IMMUNOASSAY SYSTEMS MARY BETH MYERS 341 VII IMAGE 8 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK 33 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: VITROS ECI DAVID WILD 347 34 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: IMMULITE 2000 ARTHUR L. BABSON 354 35 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: ADVIA CENTAUR* LAURA TAYLOR 359 36 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: ARCHITECT* /2000* ANALYZER FRANK A. QUINN 363 37 BULK REAGENT RANDOM-ACCESS ANALYZERS: KRYPTOR* BRIAN E. HICKEY 368 38 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYZERS: CEDIA WILLIAM A. COTY 373 39 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYZERS: VITROS* IMMUNO-RATE ASSAYS SUSAN J. DANIELSON AND DAVID A. HILBORN 377 40 NEAR-PATIENT TESTS: TESTPACK PLUS JOHN BODNER 382 41 NEAR-PATIENT TESTS: TRIAGE CARDIAC SYSTEM KENNETH F. BUECHLER 385 42 NEAR-PATIENT TESTS: OPTICAL IMMUNOASSAY LYNDAL HESTERBERG 390 43 NEAR-PATIENT TESTS: TROP T* SENSITIVE, CARDIAC T QUANTITIVE AND CARDIAC M* RAPID ASSAYS JIM NEHER AND DALE KNIGHT 395 44 NEAR-PATIENT TESTS: STRATUS CS STAT FLUOROMETRIC ANALYZER W. N. MCLELLAN AND D. PLAUT 399 45 OVER-THE-COUNTER TESTS: CLEARBLUE ONE STEP, CLEARPLAN ONE STEP AND CLEARVIEW* KEITH MAY 403 46 OVER-THE-COUNTER TESTS: PERSONA* KEITH MAY 406 PART 3 LABORATORY MANAGEMENT 47 SUBJECT PREPARATION, SAMPLE COLLECTION AND HANDLING COLIN WILDE 411 SUBJECT STATE AND PREPARATION 411 STRESS 411 EXERCISE 411 FOOD AND DRINK 411 POSTURE 412 MEDICAL PROCEDURES 412 DRUGS 412 PREGNANCY 413 AGE 413 RACE 413 TIMING 413 BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS 413 DYNAMIC TESTS 414 PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES 414 NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS 414 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING 414 BLOOD COLLECTION BY VENEPUNCTURE 4 14 VIM IMAGE 9 CONTENTS PRECAUTIONS RELATING TO THE PATIENT 414 BLOOD COLLECTION 415 PREPARATION OF SERUM 416 PREPARATION OF PLASMA 416 WHOLE BLOOD 416 INTERFERENCE BY TUBE AND STOPPER COMPONENTS 417 INTERFERENCE 417 PRECAUTIONS 417 THE USE OF SERUM SEPARATIONS 417 CHARACTERISTICS OF SEPARATORS 417 INTERFERENCE 418 OTHER ADDITIVES 418 HEMOLYSIS 418 COLLECTION OF BLOOD BY SKIN PUNCTURE 418 SKIN PUNCTURE SITES 418 COLLECTION INTO CAPILLARY TUBES 419 URINE COLLECTION 419 CONTAINERS 419 PRESERVATIVE 419 TYPES OF COLLECTION 419 INSTRUCTIONS 419 SAMPLE HANDLING 419 SALIVA 420 PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING SALIVA 420 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS 420 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 421 FORMATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 421 COLLECTION OF CSF 421 AMNIOTIC FLUID 421 COLLECTION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID 421 AMNIOCENTESIS 421 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS 421 SWEAT 422 SEMEN 422 HAIR 422 MILK 422 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION 422 CONCLUSIONS 422 48 LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE PIERRE BLOCKX AND MANUELLA MARTIN 424 STAFF SELECTION AND TRAINING 424 FIXED VOLUME PIPETTES 425 REPEATING PIPETTES 425 SEMIAUTOMATED INSTRUMENTS 425 MANUAL DILUTIONS 425 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND TESTING 426 LABORATORY WATER 427 WATER PURIFICATION METHODS 427 WATER PURITY MEASUREMENT 427 RECOMMENDED WATER QUALITY 428 SAMPLE CONTROL 428 SAMPLE COLLECTION 428 CENTRIFUGATION 428 STORAGE 428 REAGENT AND CONTROL PREPARATION 428 ASSAY QUALITY CONTROL 429 WITHIN-ASSAY PRECISION 429 IX IMAGE 10 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK 49 50 51 BETWEEN-ASSAY PRECISION INTERNAL QC PROGRAMS QC SOFTWARE ON AUTOMATED ANALYZERS NEW GENERATION QC SOFTWARE PROGRAMS QC PARAMETERS OTHER THAN CONTROLS QC IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE TESTS EXTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL SCHEMES POINT-OF-CARE TESTS CLINICAL LABORATORY IMPROVEMENT AMENDMENTS OF 1988 (CLIA 88) FRED D. LASKY INTRODUCTION TEST COMPLEXITY WAIVED MODERATE COMPLEXITY HIGH COMPLEXITY TEST CATEGORIZATION CRITERIA QUALITY CONTROL PROFICIENCY TESTING QUALITY ASSURANCE THE IMPACT OF CLIA POINT-OF-CARE TESTING JAMES H. NICHOLS DELIVERY OPTIONS TERMINOLOGY SITES OPERATORS MENU ECONOMICS CLINICAL OUTCOME QUALITY ASSURANCE COMPONENTS OF GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE REGULATIONS DATA MANAGEMENT PRATICAL MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL VALIDATION QUALITY CONTROL ADMINISTRATION SUMMARY IMMUNOASSAY TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE DAVID WILD INSTRUCTIONS TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE CONTROL BIAS - CONSISTENT CHANGE IN VALUES FROM ONE PERIOD OF TIME TO ANOTHER (OR FROM ONE REAGENT LOT TO ANOTHER) GRADUAL CHANGE IN CONTROL VALUES (NOT CONSISTENT CHANGE AT ONE TIME OR WITH CHANGE IN REAGENT LOT) COMMERCIAL CONTROLS CONSISTENTLY BIASED FROM TARGET MEAN (NO CHANGE IN VALUES ACROSS SAME LOT OF CONTROLS) BIAS IN PROFICIENCY TESTING (EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT) SCHEME FROM OTHER USERS OF THE SAME ASSAY BIAS IN PROFICIENCY TESTING (EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT) SCHEME OF ONE METHOD FROM ALL-LABORATORY MEAN OR REFERENCE METHOD POOR WITHIN-ASSAY PRECISION POOR BETWEEN-ASSAY PRECISION OR INDIVIDUAL CONTROL FAILURE ASSAY DRIFT LOW SIGNAL LEVEL LOW BINDING IN A COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY 429 430 434 434 435 437 437 438 440 440 441 441 441 441 441 442 442 445 445 448 448 448 448 449 449 449 451 4 52 452 452 454 454 454 455 456 456 458 458 459 459 460 461 462 464 465 466 469 471 472 IMAGE 11 CONTENTS LOW BINDING IN AN IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAY 474 INCREASE IN BINDING IN A COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY 476 REDUCTION IN ED50 (ESTIMATED DOSE AT 50% OF BINDING AT ZERO CONCENTRATION) COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAYS ONLY 477 INCREASE IN ED50 (ESTIMATED DOSE AT 50% OF BINDING AT ZERO CONCENTRATION) COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAYS ONLY 478 HIGH NONSPECIFIC BINDING 480 POOR LINEARITY OF DILUTION 481 UNEXPECTED OR INCONSISTENT CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION 482 APPARENT SHIFT IN REFERENCE INTERVAL (NORMAL RANGE) 485 NEGATIVE PATIENT SAMPLE CONCENTRATIONS 487 POOR RECOVERY 489 POOR ASSAY SENSITIVITY 491 POOR CORRELATION BETWEEN TWO IMMUNOASSAYS 493 PART 4 APPLICATIONS 52 THYROID RHYS JOHN, CAROLE A. SPENCER, ME CHRISTOFIDES AND DAVID WILD 497 NORMAL THYROID FUNCTION 497 CLINICAL DISORDERS 498 HYPOTHYROIDISM (THYROID HORMONE DEFICIENCY) 498 HYPERTHYROIDISM 498 NONTOXIC GOITER 499 NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS/SICK EUTHYROID SYNDROME 499 L-THYROXINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY 500 ENDOGENOUS ANTIBODIES TO T 3 AND T 4 500 FAMILIAL DYSALBUMINEMIC HYPERTHYROXINEMIA 500 ANALYTES 500 THYROTROPIN 500 THYROXINE 502 T3 OR T UPTAKE AND CALCULATION OF FREE THYROXINE INDEX 503 FREE T 4 505 TRIIODOTHYRONINE 509 FREET 3 511 THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN 514 THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES 516 THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODIES 516 THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES 517 THYROGLOBULIN 518 THYROID TESTING STRATEGIES 518 53 THE ADRENAL CORTEX SAMI MEDBAK 521 NORMAL ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION 521 CLINICAL DISORDERS 521 HYPERCORTISOLEMIA 521 HYPERCORTISOLEMIA 522 ANALYTES 523 CORTISOL 523 ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) 525 MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CUSHING S SYNDROME 527 PRE-ADMISSION 527 ADMISSION TO ENDOCRINE WARD (E.G. ON MONDAY) 527 54 BONE METABOLISM KAY W. COLSTON AND JOHN C. STEVENSON 529 NORMAL CALCIUM METABOLISM 529 CLINICAL DISORDERS 529 XI IMAGE 12 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK HYPERCALCEMIA 529 PARATHYROID DISORDERS 530 HYPOCALCEMIA 531 VITAMIN D DISORDERS 531 MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID 532 PAGET S DISEASE 532 OSTEOPOROSIS 532 ANALYTES 532 VITAMIN D METABOLITES: 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D, 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 532 PARATHYROID HORMONE 535 PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN 536 CALCITONIN 536 BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF BONE TURNOVER 537 MARKERS OF BONE FORMATION 537 MARKERS OF BONE RESORPTION 538 SERUM TARTRATE RESISTANT ACID PHOSPHATASE (TRAP) 540 55 INFERTILITY MICHAEL J. WHEELER 541 CLINICAL DISORDERS 542 PRIMARY HYPOGONADISM IN THE FEMALE 542 SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM IN THE FEMALE 543 INFERTILITY AND NORMAL MENSTRUAL FUNCTION 543 PRIMARY HYPOGONADISM IN THE MALE 543 SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM IN THE MALE 543 IMPAIRED SPERM TRANSPORT AND SPERM VIABILITY 544 ANALYTES 544 LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LUTROPIN) 544 FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FOLLITROPIN) 546 PROLACTIN 546 INHIBIN 548 ESTRADIOL 548 PROGESTERONE 549 TESTOSTERONE 550 DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE 552 TEST STRATEGY FOR INFERTILITY IN WOMEN 553 56 IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER (IVF-ET) AUGUST C. OLIVAR 555 STAGE I: INDUCTION OF OVULATION 555 STAGE II: OOCYTE RETRIEVAL 556 STAGE III: OOCYTE INSEMINATION AND INCUBATION 556 STAGE IV: EMBRYO TRANSFER 556 OTHER ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURES 556 GAMETE INTRA-FALLOPIAN TUBE TRANSFER (GIFT) 556 ZYGOTE INTRA-FALLOPIAN TRANSFER (ZIFT) 557 MICROMANIPULATION OF GAMETES 557 ASSISTED HATCHING 557 INTRA-CYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI) 557 ANALYTES 558 ESTRADIOL 558 57 HIRSUTISM AND VIRILIZATION IN THE FEMALE MICHAEL J. WHEELER 561 CLINICAL DISORDERS 561 POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME 561 IDIOPATHIC HIRSUTISM 562 ANDROGEN-SECRETING TUMORS OF THE OVARY 562 CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA 562 XII IMAGE 13 CONTENTS CUSHING S S SYNDROME 563 ANALYTES 564 LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE 564 TESTOSTERONE 564 SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN 565 FREE TESTOSTERONE 566 ANDROSTENEDIONE 567 DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE (DHEAS) 568 17A-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE 569 DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE 570 ANDROSTANEDIOLS AND THEIR GLUCURONIDES 570 58 PREGNANCY TIM CHARD 572 CLINICAL DISORDERS 573 DETECTION OF EARLY PREGNANCY 573 THREATENED ABORTION 573 ECTOPIC PREGNANCY 573 CHROMOSOME DEFECTS OF THE FETUS 573 NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS OF THE FETUS (NTD) 574 PREMATURE LABOR 574 PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY 574 PRE-ECLAMPSIA 574 MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS 575 ANALYTES 575 ALPHAFETOPROTEIN 575 HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN 578 ESTRIOL 580 PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN-A 581 OTHER ANALYTES 582 SCREENING FOR DOWN S SYNDROME 583 59 GROWTH AND GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY MICHAEL PREECE AND JANE PRINGLE 585 NORMAL CHILDHOOD GROWTH 585 CLINICAL DISORDERS 586 GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY OR INSUFFICIENCY 586 GROWTH HORMONE RESISTANCE 586 EXCESSIVE GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION 586 ANALYTES 586 GROWTH HORMONE 586 GROWTH HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN 588 INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS: IGF-I (SOMATOMEDIN C) AND IGF-II 588 INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEINS 559 GENERAL STRATEGY 589 60 DIABETES MEIIITUS PENNY CLARK AND DAVID BATES 591 INTRODUCTION 591 ANALYTES 592 INSULIN, PROINSULIN(S) AND C-PEPTIDE 592 GLYCOHEMOGLOBIN (GHB) 596 OTHER GLYCATED PROTEINS 599 MICROALBUMIN 600 IMMUNOLOGICAL AND OTHER ASSAYS 601 61 HEMATOLOGY DEREK DAWSON AND HARRY WATERS 606 NORMAL BLOOD FUNCTION 606 CLINICAL DISORDERS 607 ANEMIA 607 XIII IMAGE 14 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK IRON OVERLOAD AND HEMOCHROMATOSIS 607 LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA 607 HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS 607 ANALYTES 607 VITAMIN B 12 AND FOLATE 607 INTRINSIC FACTOR ANTIBODY 612 FERRITIN 612 TRANSFERRIN 614 TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS 615 ERYTHROPOIETIN 616 LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA 617 LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA ANALYTES 617 HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS 617 HEMOASTASIS AND THROMBOSIS ANALYTES 617 TESTS FOR PLATELET HYPERCOAGULABILITY 618 P-THROMBOGLOBULIN 618 PLATELET FACTOR 4 619 THROMBOXANE B2 619 COAGULATION FACTORS 619 FIBRINOGEN 619 PROTEINS C AND S, AND RESISTANCE TO ACTIVATED PROTEIN C 620 ANTI-THROMBIN III 620 HEPARIN COFACTOR II 620 PLASMINOGEN 621 TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR 621 PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR (PAI-1) 621 FIBRINOGEN/FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS 621 D-DIMER TEST 621 62 CARDIAC MARKERS ALAN H. B. WU 623 NORMAL HEART FUNCTION 623 CLINICAL DISORDERS 623 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE 623 HEART FAILURE (HF) 625 HYPERTENSION 625 ANALYTES 625 CREATINE KINASE AND THE MB ISOENZYME 625 MYOGLOBIN 626 CARDIAC TROPONIN (T AND I) 627 FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN (FABP) AND CARBONIC ANHYDRASE III ISOENZYME (CAIII) 628 APOLIPOPROTEINS AI, ALL AND B 629 LIPOPROTEIN (A) 629 HOMOCYSTEINE 630 B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (BNP) 631 PLASMA RENIN 631 PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS AND INHIBITORS 633 63 CANCER MARKERS MAVANUR R. SURESH 635 INTRODUCTION 635 HISTORY AND CLASSIFICATION 638 NOMENCLATURE AND IDIOSYNCRACIES OF GLYCOPROTEIN TUMOR ANTIGENS 639 ANALYTES 640 CARCINO-EMBRYONIC ANTIGEN 640 ALPHAFETOPROTEIN 642 CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN 19-9 (SIALYL LEWIS 3 ) 643 CANCER ANTIGEN 125 644 CANCER ANTIGEN 15-3 646 XIV IMAGE 15 CONTENTS ESTROGEN RECEPTOR AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR 647 FECAL OCCULT BLOOD 648 PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN 649 PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE 650 P2-MICROGLOBULIN 651 NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE 652 CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN 50 653 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ANTIGEN 653 TISSUE POLYPEPTIDE ANTIGEN, TISSUE POLYPEPTIDE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND CYFRA 21-1 654 PLACENTAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE 655 HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN 656 CATHEPSIN D 656 INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR 656 C-ERB B-2 (HER-2/NEU) ONCOPROTEIN 657 P53 657 BLADDER TUMOR ANTIGEN 658 IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY ASSAYS FOR TUMOR MARKERS 659 NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL AND OTHER MARKERS 659 CANCER ANTIGEN 195 (CA-195) 659 TUMOR-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN 72.4 (TAG 72.4) 659 S-100 ANTIGEN 660 SIALYL LEWIS (SLX-J) 660 MUCIN-LIKE CARCINOMA-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN (MCA) 660 CANCER-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 549 (CA-549) 660 BONE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE 660 B/T GENE REARRANGEMENT TEST 660 BRCA1 AND BRCA2 660 P21 OR RAS 660 DR-70 661 90K/MAC-2 BP 661 BCL-2 661 NMP-22 661 NMP ASSAYS 661 TAG-12 661 CA1-18 661 ANGIOGENIC FACTORS 661 CHROMOGRANIN A 662 TELOMERASE 662 64 ALLERGY LARS YMAN 664 ALLERGIC DISEASE 664 DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 664 ALLERGENS 664 ANALYTES 666 TOTAL SERUM IGE 666 ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IGE ANTIBODY 667 IGG ANTIBODY ASSAYS 673 IGG ANTIBODY ASSAY 674 MARKERS OF CELL ACTIVATION 674 STANDARDIZATION AND EVALUATION 674 QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IGE ANTIBODIES 674 REFERENCE VALUES 675 QUALITY CONTROL 676 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 676 DIAGNOSIS OF ATOPIC DISEASE AND IDENTIFICATION OF OFFENDING ALLERGEN 676 PREDICTION AND MONITORING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASE 676 XV IMAGE 16 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK 65 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE DAVID F. KEREN 681 ANALYTES 682 ANTI-NUCLEAR ANTIBODIES 682 ANTI-DOUBLE-STRANDED (DS) DNA 683 ANTI-SM 685 ANTI-RNP 686 ANTI-SSA/RO 686 ANTI-SSB/LA 687 ANTI-HISTONE 687 ANTI-DNP 688 ANTI-CENTROMERE 688 ANTI-SCL-70 689 RHEUMATOID FACTOR 689 ANTI-NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES (C-ANCA, P-ANCA) 690 ANTI-GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE (GBM) 691 ANTI-JO-1 691 ANTI-MICROSOMAL (THYROID PEROXIDASE-TPO) 692 ISLET CELL AUTOANTIBODIES (ICA) 692 ANTI-ADRENAL CORTICAL ANTIBODIES 692 ANTI-PARIETAL CELL ANTIBODIES (PCA) 693 ANTI-MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIBODIES (AMA, OR M2) 693 ANTI-SMOOTH MUSCLE ANTIBODIES (SMA) 694 ANTI-LIVER-KIDNEY MICROSOMAL (LKM) 694 IGA ANTI-ENDOMYSIUM TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE 695 IGG AND IGA ANTI-GLIADIN 695 ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR (ACHR) 695 STRIATIONAL ANTIBODIES 696 CALCIUM CHANNEL ANTIBODIES 696 ANTI-CARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES 697 66 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES BRUCE J. DILLE, ALAN S. ARMSTRONG AND ISA K. MUSHAHWAR 700 NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE 700 CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS 702 TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS 705 CANDIDA ALBICANS - VAGINITIS 706 GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS 707 HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 708 SYPHILIS {TREPONEMA PALLIDUM) 711 67 CONGENITAL DISEASES OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ORIGIN BRUCE J. DILLE, JOHN W. SAFFORD JR. AND ISA K. MUSHAHWAR 712 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS 712 RUBELLA VIRUS 714 TOXOPLASMA GONDIISMA GONDII 716 PAROVIRUS B19 717 GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI 719 68 HEPATITIS ISA K. MUSHAHWAR 722 HEPATITIS A VIRUS, ANTI-HAV IGM, ANTI-HAV IGG 722 HEPATITIS B VIRUS, HBSAG, HBCAG, HBEAG, ANTI-HBS, ANTI-HBC, ANTI-HBC IGM, ANTI-HBE 724 HEPATITIS C VIRUS 729 HEPATITIS D VIRUS 731 HEPATITIS E VIRUS 732 GB VIRUSES 734 GB VIRUS C 735 XVI IMAGE 17 CONTENTS 69 HUMAN RETROVIRUSES GEORGE J. DAWSON AND ISA K. MUSHAHWAR 737 ETIOLOGIC AGENTS 737 HTLV-I/-II 737 HIV-1/-2 740 70 DENGUE VIRUS INFECTIONS BRUCE J. DILLE AND ISA K. MUSHAHWAR 745 71 MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ORIGIN BRUCE J. DILLE AND ISA K. MUSHAHWAR 750 HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 750 EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS 752 CHAGAS DISEASE 754 CANDIDA ALBICANS - INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS 755 BORRELIA BURGORFERI 756 HELICOBACTER PYLORI 758 GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS 759 HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6 760 HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8 (KAPOSI S SARCOMA HERPESVIRUS) 762 72 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (TDM) PHILIP A. ROUTLEDGE AND ALAN D. HUTCHINGS 763 INTRODUCTION 763 ASSAY TECHNOLOGY 763 MEASUREMENT OF FREE DRUG CONCENTRATION 764 PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF TDM 765 ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS 765 ACECAINIDE (N-ACETYLPROCAINAMIDE) 765 DISOPYRAMIDE 766 LIDOCAINE 766 PROCAINAMIDE 767 PROPRANOLOL 767 QUINIDINE 768 AMIODARONE 768 FLECAINIDE 769 ANTIBIOTICS 769 AMIKACIN 769 KANAMYCIN 770 GENTAMICIN 771 TOBRAMYCIN 771 NETILMICIN 771 CHLORAMPHENICOL 772 VANCOMYCIN 773 ANTICONVULSANTS 773 PHENYTOIN 773 PHENOBARBITAL (PHENOBARBITONE) 774 PRIMIDONE 774 CARBAMAZEPINE 775 VALPROIC ACID 775 ETHOSUXIMIDE 776 CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS 776 METHOTREXATE 776 MISCELLANEOUS 777 ACETAMINOPHEN (PARACETAMOL) 777 TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS 777 CYCLOSPORIN 778 DIGOXIN 778 DIGITOXIN 779 THEOPHYLLINE 779 XVII IMAGE 18 THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK 73 DRUGS OF ABUSE BRIAN WIDDOP 781 APPLICATIONS 781 DRUG DEPENDENCE TREATMENT CENTERS 781 PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS 782 MEDICAL-LEGAL APPLICATIONS 782 DRUG ABUSE IN THE WORKPLACE 782 IMMUNOASSAYS FOR DRUGS OF ABUSE 782 AMPHETAMINE 783 METHAMPHETAMINE 784 METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE (MDA) 784 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) 784 BARBITURATES 788 BENZODIAZEPINES 790 CANNABIS 793 COCAINE 796 FENTANYL 799 LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE 800 METHADONE 802 OPIATES 805 PHENCYCLIDINE 808 PROPOXYPHENE 810 LEGAL ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES 811 ALCOHOL (ETHYL ALCOHOL) AND THE USE OF CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN (CDT) 811 NICOTINE AND THE USE OF COTININE 812 STEROID ABUSE IN SPORT 812 ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS (AAS) 812 RAPID IMMUNOASSAY TESTS FOR DRUGS OF ABUSE 814 74 IMMUNOASSAY APPLICATIONS IN LIFE-SCIENCE MICHAEL J. O SULLIVAN, STEVE CAPPER, JEFFREY K. HORTON, JOHN WHATELEY AND PETER BAXENDALE 817 ASSAY TECHNOLOGY 820 TRITIUM RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS 820 IODINE-125 RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS 820 SCINTILLATION PROXIMITY ASSAY 820 ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS (COLORIMETRIC) 822 ENHANCED LUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAYS 823 IMMUNOFILTRATION SCREENING ASSAYS 824 ANALYTES 826 PROSTAGLANDINS 826 LEUKOTRIENES 828 RAT HORMONE ASSAYS 828 STEROIDS 831 CYTOCHROME P450 831 CYTOKINES 832 ADHESION MOLECULES 837 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ASSAYS 838 CELL PROLIFERATION IMMUNOASSAY 840 MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS) 840 CARDIOVASCULAR PEPTIDES 844 75 IMMUNOASSAY APPLICATIONS IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTICS ERWIN WORKMAN 846 INTRODUCTION 846 INFECTIOUS DISEASE DIAGNOSIS/ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNE STATUS 846 FELINE 846 CANINE 849 PORCINE 852 EQUINE 854 XVIII IMAGE 19 CONTENTS BOVINE 855 AVIAN 859 MURINE 862 ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE/METABOLIC STATUS 863 FELINE/CANINE 863 EQUINE 864 BOVINE 864 CONCLUSION 865 XIX
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spelling	The immunoassay handbook ed. by David Wild 2. ed. London [u.a.] Nature Publ. Group 2001 XXIX, 906 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Immunoassay cabt Immunoassay gtt Immunodosage - Guides, manuels, etc Immunoassay Handbooks, manuals, etc Immunoassay methods Immunoassay standards Immunassay (DE-588)4113998-7 gnd rswk-swf Immunassay (DE-588)4113998-7 s DE-604 Wild, David G. Sonstige oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009697784&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	The immunoassay handbook Immunoassay cabt Immunoassay gtt Immunodosage - Guides, manuels, etc Immunoassay Handbooks, manuals, etc Immunoassay methods Immunoassay standards Immunassay (DE-588)4113998-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4113998-7
title	The immunoassay handbook
title_auth	The immunoassay handbook
title_exact_search	The immunoassay handbook
title_full	The immunoassay handbook ed. by David Wild
title_fullStr	The immunoassay handbook ed. by David Wild
title_full_unstemmed	The immunoassay handbook ed. by David Wild
title_short	The immunoassay handbook
title_sort	the immunoassay handbook
topic	Immunoassay cabt Immunoassay gtt Immunodosage - Guides, manuels, etc Immunoassay Handbooks, manuals, etc Immunoassay methods Immunoassay standards Immunassay (DE-588)4113998-7 gnd
topic_facet	Immunoassay Immunodosage - Guides, manuels, etc Immunoassay Handbooks, manuals, etc Immunoassay methods Immunoassay standards Immunassay
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009697784&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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