The handling of chemical data:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Pergamon Press
1968
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| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 379 S. graph. Darst. |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804129023395102720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | The Handling of
Chemical Data
B Y
P D LARK, B R CRAVEN
School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales
A N D
the late RCL BOSWORTH
| THE QUCEN I AWAAD
1 TO IMOUARNR !•««
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD • EDINBURGH • LONDON • NEWYORK
TORONTO • SYDNEY • PARIS • BRAUNSCHWEIG
CONTENTS
PREFACE
NOTATION
CHAPTER I THE ORIGIN AND PRESENTATION OF
CHEMICAL DATA
1 1 The origin and nature of quantitative data
1 2 Operation of a scale of measurement
1 3 Measuring and counting
1 4 Units, fixed points and relationship between scales
1 5 Dimensions
1 6 The presentation of quantitative data
1 7 Tabular presentation
1 8 Graphical presentation
1 9 Graphical representation of more than two variables
1 10 Alignment charts
1 11 Empirical equations
CHAPTER I I MEASUREMENTS OF A SINGLE VARIABLE
2 1 The provenance of frequency data
2 2 Classification of data—the frequency distribution
2 3 Types of frequency distribution
(1) Normal
(2) Non-normal unimodal
(3) J-shaped, U-shaped and rectangular
(4) Irregular
2 4 Condensation of data—the sample estimates
(1) Measures of central tendency
(2) Measures of dispersion or variability
(3) Measures of skewness and kurtosis
2 5 Computation of the estimates from sample data
(1) Small sample methods
(2) Grouping methods
(3) Graphical methods
Notation of Chapter II
CHAPTER III ERRORS, PROBABILITY AND TESTS OF
SIGNIFICANCE
3 1 The nature of error in experimental science
vi CONTENTS
32 Probability and random errors 75
3 3 Probability and physico-chemical processes 86
3 4 Sampling distributions 90
3 5 Tests of significance and confidence intervals 97
(1) Tests involving a known standard error 99
(2) Tests involving estimated standard errors 105
(3) The comparison of several samples 110
(4) Some tests on frequencies and proportions 116
3 6 The expression, combination and manipulation of experimental
results 121
(1) Expression of results 121
(2) Testing of suspected observations 122
(3) The weighted mean and its confidence limits 125
(4) Propagation of error 127
(5) Tolerance limits 132
Notation of Chapter III 133
CHAPTER IV THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO
VARIABLES—SIMPLE LINEAR RELATIONSHIPS 136
4 1 Regression, correlation and confluence 137
4 2 The simple regression line 138
4 3 Fitting the least squares line 142
(1) General method h 142
(2) Summation method 144
(3) Graphic method 145
4 4 Confidenceintervalsfortheparametersofthesimplelinearmodel 147
(1) Tests and confidence intervals for slope and intercept 147
(2) A joint confidence region for slope and intercept 149
(3) Interval estimates for points on the true line 153
4 5 Predictions based on a fitted line 155
4 6 Constrained models and their comparison with the simple
regression model 159
4 7 Computations in simple regression with replication 166
4 8 The comparison of several regression lfnes 170
4 9 The intersection of two regression lines 177
4 10 The correlation model 180
4 11 Tests of significance involving the correlation coefficient 190
4 12 The approximate treatment of associated data 196
(1) The grouping method 1 196
(2) Three-group analysis 198
(3) The ranking method 200
(4) A control chart method 202
Notation of Chapter IV 204
CONTENTS vii
CHAPTER V THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO OR MORE
VARIABLES—MULTIPLE, NON-LINEAR AND OTHER
RELATIONSHIPS 207
5 1 Multiple linear correlation and regression 207
5 2 The fitting of polynomials Statistical methods 219
5 3 The fitting of polynomials Non-statistical methods 233
5 4 Departures from the simple regression model 236
(1) Varying incidence of random error 237
(2) Cumulative values 239
(3) Errors in both variables 240
5 5 Rectification 241
5 6 Miscellaneous curvilinear relationships 244
(1) Hyperbolic equations 244
(2) Exponential and asymptotic regression 251
5 7 Frequency and distribution curves 253
(1) Fitting the Gaussian function 254
(2) Resolving normal distributions 257
(3) Other frequency functions 259
5:8 A least squares solution of simultaneous equations 260
Notation of Chapter V 265
CHAPTER VI SMOOTHING, INTERPOLATION, DIFFER
ENTIATION AND INTEGRATION J 268
6 1 The smoothing of data 268
:: (1) Direct methods 269
(2) Difference methods 269
(3) Least squares method for equally spaced values 277
(4) Other methods 280
6 2 Interpolation and extrapolation 280
(1) Direct methods 281
(2) Proportional parts and three-point interpolation 281
(3) The Gregory-Newton method 282
(4) The Newton method 285
(5) Interpolation with two independent variables 286
(6) Other methods and applications 288
6 3 Graphical and tabular differentiation 288
(1) Direct methods 288
(2) Difference methods 290
(3) A semi-graphical method 291
6 4 Graphical and tabular integration 293
(1) The graphical method 293
Vlll CONTENTS
(2) The equation method 293
(3) The trapezoidal r ule and Simpson s rules 293
Notation of Chapter VI 297
CHAPTER VI I DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS IN PHYSICO-
CHEMICAL PROBLEMS 299
7 1 Units 299
7 2 Systems of units 301
7 3 Dimensions 302
7 4 Dimensional homogeneity 303
7 5 Systems of dimensions 306
7 6 Some discussion of the length dimension 311
7 7 Dimensionless ratios or numerics 312
7 8 Applications of dimensional theory 316
7 9 The principle of similarity 324
7 10 Partial similarity 327
7 11 Chemical similarity 329
Notation of Chapter VII 331
APPENDIX: TABLES OF STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS 333
Sources and references ^ 333
Table I Ordinates and areas of the Gaussian curve 334
Table II Percentage points of the distributions of t, y} and r 336
Table III Percentage points of the distribution of F • 338
Table IV Percentage points of the distribution of M 340
Table V Control chart factors 342
Table VI Percentage points of Dixon s r 343
Table VII Percentage points of the distribution of q 344
Table VIII Two-sided tolerance limit factors, I 346
Table IX The reduction in £ Y2 for significance at the 5% level 347
Table X The transformation of r to z and z to r 348
Table XI Critical values of Yjd2 f°r rank correlation 349
Table XII Orthogonal polynomials 350
Table XIII Summary of tests of significance 352
I
EXERCISES 357
REFERENCES 367
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 371
INDEX 373
|
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| spelling | Lark, Prosper D. Verfasser aut The handling of chemical data by P. D. Lark, B. R. Craven and R. C. L. Bosworth 1. ed. Oxford [u.a.] Pergamon Press 1968 XI, 379 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Chimie Chimie - Mathématiques ram Chimie - Méthodes statistiques ram Chimie physique et théorique Chimie physique et théorique ram Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd rswk-swf Datenerfassung (DE-588)4011123-4 gnd rswk-swf Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 s Datenerfassung (DE-588)4011123-4 s DE-604 Craven, Brian R. Verfasser aut Bosworth, Richard C. Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009697210&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lark, Prosper D. Craven, Brian R. Bosworth, Richard C. The handling of chemical data Chimie Chimie - Mathématiques ram Chimie - Méthodes statistiques ram Chimie physique et théorique Chimie physique et théorique ram Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd Datenerfassung (DE-588)4011123-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4009816-3 (DE-588)4011123-4 |
| title | The handling of chemical data |
| title_auth | The handling of chemical data |
| title_exact_search | The handling of chemical data |
| title_full | The handling of chemical data by P. D. Lark, B. R. Craven and R. C. L. Bosworth |
| title_fullStr | The handling of chemical data by P. D. Lark, B. R. Craven and R. C. L. Bosworth |
| title_full_unstemmed | The handling of chemical data by P. D. Lark, B. R. Craven and R. C. L. Bosworth |
| title_short | The handling of chemical data |
| title_sort | the handling of chemical data |
| topic | Chimie Chimie - Mathématiques ram Chimie - Méthodes statistiques ram Chimie physique et théorique Chimie physique et théorique ram Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd Datenerfassung (DE-588)4011123-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chimie Chimie - Mathématiques Chimie - Méthodes statistiques Chimie physique et théorique Chemie Datenerfassung |
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