Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Kieler Studien
315 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 208 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540431047 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany |c Katja Gerling |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
1 Setting, Aim and Scope of the Study 1
2 Eastern German Transition and Government Policy 5
2.1 The Challenges of the Transition Process 5
2.2 The Framework of Policy Objectives in the Context of
Transition and Structural Change 11
2.2.1 Constitutional Framework 12
2.2.2 Economic Foundation 13
2.2.3 Social Objectives 15
2.2.4 A Scheme of Policy Objectives: Guidelines, Targets and
Instruments 16
2.3 Policy Instruments 17
2.3.1 The Extent of Government Interventions in Eastern
Germany 17
2.3.2 Subsidies to Eastern German Industries: A Core Element
of Government Policy 21
2.4 An Overview over Possible Effects of Investment Subsidies 34
2.4.1 Theoretical Considerations 35
2.4.2 Some Empirical Evidence on Capital, Employment and
Productivity in Eastern German Industries 39
2.5 Other Strategie Variables in the Transition Process 44
2.5.1 Wages and the Labour Market 45
2.5.2 Consumptive Transfers and Compensations 50
2.6 Brief Summary of the Status Quo: A Tale of a Patient, a Therapy
and Its Side Effects 57
3 Modelling the Impact of Investment Subsidies on Factor Demand
and Production in the Eastern German Industrial Sector 59
3.1 Preliminaries 59
3.1.1 The Impact of Subsidies: Methodology of Analysis 59
3.1.2 The Impact of Subsidies: Survey of Empirical Studies 62
VIII Contents ,
3.2 The Theoretical Model 69
3.2.1 Factor Demand and Substitution 70
3.2.2 The Concept of the User Cost of Capital 79
3.2.3 Modelling Output 85 !
3.2.4 Summary: Substitution and Output Effects in a Cost
Minimizing Model of Factor Demand 87 ;
I
4 Empirical Implementation 89 !
4.1 The Data 89 ]
4.2 The Basic Empirical Model 93 |
4.3 Pooling the Data across Industries: The Merits and Drawbacks i
of Panel Estimation 98 ;
4.3.1 Panel Heterogeneity 100 I
4.3.2 Unit Roots and Cointegration 103 j
4.3.3 Dynamic Models and Small Sample Bias 110
4.3.4 Summary: Estimation Method 115 j
4.4 Estimation Results 117 j
4.4.1 Effects of Investment Subsidies and Other Variables on j
Structural Change and Competitiveness 128
4.4.2 Effects of Investment Subsidies and Wages on |
Investment and Employment 131 j
4.4.3 Effects of Investment Subsidies on Productivity and i
Growth 137 I
4.5 Looking beyond Factor Cost Relations: What the Model Reveals
about Efficiency 141
4.6 Summary and Critique of the Empirical Results 150 j
5 Concluding Remarks and Implications for Economic Policy 152
5.1 Did Subsidization in Eastern German Transition Achieve Its
Objectives? 152
5.2 What Follows for Economic Policy after 2004? 156
5.2.1 Subsidization: Reducing Distortions 156
5.2.2 Infrastructure: Closing Gaps 159
5.2.3 Labour Market: Differentiating Wages 161
5.3 What Are the Perspectives? 163
Contents IX
Appendix 1 The Derivation of the First Order Conditions in a Two
Stage CES Model of Factor Demand 165
Appendix 2 The Derivation of the Elasticities of Substitution in a
Two Stage CES Function 167
Appendix 3 Definitions of the Wage and Salary Categories of Blue
Collar Workers and White Collar Employees 170
Appendix 4 Panel Cointegration Statistics 171
Appendix 5 Tables 173
References 185
Index 204
List of Tables j
Table 1: Structure of Transfers to Eastern Germany, 1991 1999 18 j
Table 2: Purpose of Transfers (Gross) to Eastern Germany, 1991 1999 21 j
Table 3: Sectoral Structure of Investment and Selected Subsidies to
Eastern German Firms, 1990 2000 23 j
Table 4: Intensity of Subsidization in Eastern and Western Germany, !
1991 1999 25
Table 5: Subsidies to Eastern German Firms, 1990 2000 25 j
i
Table 6: Investment Grant Means for Commercial Enterprises and for I
Business Related Infrastructure, 1991 2000 27
Table 7: Selected Programmes of the German Federal Government to I
Support R D and Innovation in Eastern German Firms, 1990 1998 29
Table 8: Selected Support Programmes (ERP and Government Banks) for I
Eastern German Firms, 1990 2000 31 j
Table 9: Conditions of Selected Subsidized Loans, 1991 2000 32
Table 10: Structure of Investment in the Manufacturing Sector in Eastern
and Western Germany According to Industry Aggregates, 1991 1999 41 ¦
Table 11: Capital Stock in Eastern and Western German Manufacturing,
1999 41 |
Table 12: Shares in Employment in the Eastern German Manufacturing !
Sector by Industry Aggregates, 1991 and 1999 42
Table 13: Shares in Value Added (Constant Prices) in the Eastern German
Manufacturing Sector by Industry Aggregates, 1991 and 1999 43
Table 14: Productivity and Unit Labour Costs in Eastern Germany, 1991—
1999 47
Table 15: Persons Engaged (Domestic Concept) and Underemployment
in Eastern Germany, 1991 2000 49
Table 16: Shares of Manufacturing and of the Non Tradables Sector in
Gross Value Added and Employment for Eastern and Western Germany,
1990 1998 56
List of Tables XI
Table 17: Studies Analyzing the Effects of Subsidies on Economic
Aggregates 67
Table 18: Factor Intensity of Manufacturing Industries in Western
Germany, 1994 99
Table 19: Results of F Tests for Heterogeneous Intercepts 103
Table 20: Results of ADF Tests 106
Table 21: Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Model Equations with and
without Long Run Relationship 108
Table 22: Results of the Cointegration Tests 110
Table 23: Asymptotic Values for p 112
Table 24: Estimation Results: Unskilled Labour Demand 118
Table 25: Estimation Results: Skilled Labour Demand 119
Table 26: Estimation Results: Output 120
Table 27: Substitution Effects, Output Effects, Total Effects and Pro¬
ductivity Effects in Eastern German Capital intensive Industries 125
Table 28: Substitution Effects, Output Effects, Total Effects and Pro¬
ductivity Effects in Eastern German Skilled Labour intensive Industries 126
Table 29: Substitution Effects, Output Effects, Total Effects and
Productivity Effects in Eastern German Labour intensive Industries 127
Table 30: Effects of Investment Subsidization on Output, 1991 1998 129
Table 31: Effects of Investment Subsidization on Investment and
Employment, 1991 1998 133
Table 32: Wage Increases and Consequent Job Reduction in Eastern
Germany According to Labour and Industry Aggregates, 1991 1998 134
Table 33: Firms Lacking Specialists in Eastern Germany According to
Sectors, 1997 136
Table 34: Industry Specific Dummy Variables and Technical Inefficiency
in Eastern German Manufacturing 145
Table 35: Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Eastern German
Industries 148
XII List of Tables
Table A5.1: Structure of Employment in the Manufacturing Sector in the
GDR and in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1989 173
Table A5.2: Structure of Production in Eastern German Manufacturing,
1991 1999 173 |
Table A5.3: Structure of Transfers to Eastern Germany According to a
Calculation by Boss and Rosenschon, 1991 1996 174 I
Table A5.4: Investment in Eastern German Manufacturing, 1991 1999 175
Table A5.5: Share of Eastern Germany in Overall German Manufacturing ;
Employment, 1991 and 1999 176 ,
Table A5.6: Relative Capital Intensity and Labour Productivity in Eastern
German Manufacturing by Industries, 1999 177
Table AS. 7: User Cost of Capital in Eastern German Industries Including !
Investment Subsidies, 1991 1998 178 I
Table A5.8: Reduction of User Cost of Capital due to Investment Sub i
sidies, 1991 1998 179
Table AS. 9: Shares of Eastern German Manufacturing Firms Making I
Profits or Losses, 1991 1998 180
Table AS. 10: Unweighted Average of Factor Cost Shares in the Industry
Aggregates 180 i
Table A5.11: Selected Critical Values for ADF Tests according to Levin
and Lin 180
Table A5.12: Corrections for the Nickell Bias: Unskilled Labour Demand 181
Table AS. 13: Corrections for the Nickell Bias: Skilled Labour Demand 182 |
Table A5.14: Corrections for the Nickell Bias: Output 183
Table A5.15: AES and Own Elasticities of Substitution in Eastern ;
German Industries 184
Table AS. 16: Firms Lacking Specialists in Eastern Germany According to
Different Characteristics, 1997 184
List of Figures
Figure 1: Industrial Production in Eastern Germany, 1989 1991 6
Figure 2: Growth Rates of Gross Value Added (National Accounts) in
Eastern and Western German Manufacturing, 1992 1999 10
Figure 3: The Framework of Government Policy in Eastern German
Transition: Guidelines, Targets and Instruments 16
Figure 4: Output and Substitution Effect of a Change in Relative Factor
Prices 37
Figure 5: Capital Stock per Employee and Labour Productivity in Eastern
German Manufacturing, 1991 1999 44
Figure 6: The Effect of Rising Wages on Labour and Capital 48
Figure 7: Changes of Relative Prices and Structural Change in the
Eastern German Economy after Unification 52
Figure 8: GDP Deflator of Selected Tradables and Non Tradables in
Eastern and in Western Germany, 1991 1999 55
Figure 9: Methods of Analysis of Economic Policy Effects 60
Figure 10: Output per Capita in the Capital Intensive Industries, 1991
1998 138
Figure 11: Output per Capita in the Skilled Labour intensive Industries,
1991 1998 138
Figure 12: Output per Capita in the Labour intensive Industries, 1991—
1998 139
Figure 13: Technical and Allocative Efficiency 142
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| id | DE-604.BV014111704 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:57:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540431047 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Gerling, Katja Verfasser aut Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany Katja Gerling Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2002 XXV, 208 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kieler Studien 315 Wirtschaftspolitik Subsidies Germany Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland Germany Economic policy 1990- Deutschland Östliche Länder (DE-588)4252579-2 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland Östliche Länder (DE-588)4252579-2 g Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s DE-604 Kieler Studien 315 (DE-604)BV000001650 315 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009668666&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gerling, Katja Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany Kieler Studien Wirtschaftspolitik Subsidies Germany Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4058136-6 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4252579-2 |
| title | Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany |
| title_auth | Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany |
| title_exact_search | Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany |
| title_full | Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany Katja Gerling |
| title_fullStr | Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany Katja Gerling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany Katja Gerling |
| title_short | Subsidization and structural change in Eastern Germany |
| title_sort | subsidization and structural change in eastern germany |
| topic | Wirtschaftspolitik Subsidies Germany Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wirtschaftspolitik Subsidies Germany Strukturwandel Deutschland Germany Economic policy 1990- Deutschland Östliche Länder |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009668666&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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