German forestry:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Haven
Yale Univ. Press [u.a.]
1938
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 342 S., 14 Bl. Ill. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a German forestry |c by Franz Heske. Publ. for the Oberlaender Trust of the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation |
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| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Forests and forestry |z Germany | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128895849463808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: German forestry
Autor: Heske, Franz
Jahr: 1938
CONTENTS
Foreword............... iii
Preface................ v
list of Illustrations............. xv
Introduction............... xvii
PART I. GERMAN FORESTS AND FORESTRY
1. Present Land Use in Germany and Its Historical Development 3
Progress of Land Clearing—Present Land Use—Land Cleared for
Use, Not for Speculation
2. Development of Sustained-yield Forestry......18
Uses of Forests in the Carolingian Period—Forest Administration
under the Carolingians—A Wood Famine Feared—Early Restric-
tions on Timber Use—Beginnings of Silviculture—Early Regulation
of Cutting—Early Utilization Methods—Effect of the Thirty Years
War—Economic Conditions in the Eighteenth Century—The Forest
Ordinances—Silvicultural Progress—Regulation of the Cut (Age-
class or Area-allotment Method; Volume Methods; Other Methods)
—Effect of the Industrial Revolution (Forestry for Profit; Profit
Theory Not Applied in Woods; Substitution of Coal for Wood
Fuel)—The Back to Nature Movement—Lessons for Other Coun-
tries—The Dauerwald Movement
3. Area, Distribution and Composition of German Forests . . 44
Germany s Forest Area Is Inadequate—Distribution of German For-
ests—Distribution of Principal Species—Forest Composition Modi-
fied by Human Occupation and Use—Natural Forest Regions of Ger-
many
4. Ownership of German Forests.........65
Present Ownership Well-Balanced—Regional Differences in Forest
Ownership—Effect on Forest Policies—Evolution of Forest Owner-
ship (Early Tribal or Clan Ownership; Private Ownership under the
Carolingians; Ownership during the Middle Ages; Extension of the
Domains of the Sovereigns; The State Forest Domains)—Forms of
Ownership Favoring Sustained-yield Forestry—Size of Forest Proper-
ties;—Influence of Size of Holding on Forest Management
x German Forestry
5. Management of the State Forests........81
Conservative Cutting during the Nineteenth Century—Increased Cut-
ting since 1900—Principles Controlling State Forest Management—
Financial Results of State Forest Management—Economic Advan-
tages of Sustained-yield Forestry
6. Management of the Communal Forests......94
7. Management of the Private Forests.......98
Large Private Forests—Medium-sized Private Forests—Small Farm
Forests—Restrictions on the Management of Private Forests (En-
tailed Estates)—Advantages of a Socially Oriented Private Economy
—Peculiarities of Forestry as an Economic Enterprise—Disadvantages
of State Monopoly of Forests—Disadvantages of Strict State Con-
trol of Private Forests—Development of Social Attitude of Private
Forest Owners
8. The Sustained-yield Structure of German Forests . . . . in
Age-class Structure of German Forests as a Whole—Age-classes for
Principal Types of Forest—Age-classes and Class of Ownership—
Economic Environment and Age-class Composition
9. Products of the German Forests........120
Wood Products (Production by Different Classes of Owners)—
Minor Products (Bark; Resin; Seeds and Nuts; Forest Litter; Forest
Pasturage; Berries and Mushrooms)
10. Consumption of Wood in Germany.......131
Use of Wood in Construction—Mine Timbers—Railroad Ties—
Wooden Poles—Wood for Containers—Wood for Furniture—Wood
for Vehicles, including Boats—Miscellaneous Wooden Products—
Pulpwood—Artificial Fibers from Wood—Consumption of Fuel-
wood—Wood as a Source of Sugar—Trends in German Wood Con-
sumption
11. Meeting Germany s Timber Requirements.....143
Importation from Other Countries—Increased Cutting in German
Forests
12. Increasing the Timber Yields of German Forests .... 149
Afforestation of Idle and Submarginal Land—Better Management of
Farm Forests—Better Management of the Large Forests—Substitu-
tion of Natural for Artificial Forests—Growing Stock Management—
Better Distribution of Home-grown Timber—German Forests Can-
not Supply All the Timber Needed
Contents xi
13. Employment in Forestry and Related Industries .... 162
The Volume of Woods Employment—Character of Forest Workers
—Forestry Work in Relation to Agriculture—The Volume of Em-
ployment in Forest Products Industries—Location of Forest Products
Industries—Employment in the Timber Trade—Total Employment
in Forestry and Related Industries
14. Indirect Benefits of the Forest.........173
Influence of Forests on the Climate (Forests and the Microclimate)
—Forests and Waters (In the Mountains; In the Plains)—Cultural
Values of the Forest—Forests and the Chase—Aesthetic Values of
the Forest
PART II. GERMAN FOREST POLICIES
15. Forestry Agencies............189
The National Forest Service, the Reichsforstamt—Promotion of Pri-
vate Forestry, the Reichsnaehrstand—Forestry Agencies of the Party
—The German Forestry Association—Associations of Forest Owners
16. Forestry Science in Germany.........197
The Tasks of the Forestry Science—The Sphere of Forest Ecology—
The Sphere of Silviculture—Differing Problems, but Universal Prin-
ciples—Science Must Be Free—Beginnings of Forest Research—For-
est Experiment Stations Founded—National and International Co-
operation in Forest Research—Existing Forest Research Institutions
17. Forestry Education in Germany........211
Early Vocational Training—The Master Schools—State Forestry
Schools—Existing Schools of Academic Rank (Dresden-Tharandt;
Eberswalde; Freiburg; Giessen; Munich; Hanover-Muenden)—Ad-
vantages and Drawbacks of Various Types of Schools—Practical Ob-
ject Lessons in the German Forests
18. Recent German Labor Legislation in Relation to Forestry . 222
The Germanic Concept of the Employer-Employee Relation—Con-
flicts Bred by Laissez Faire Philosophy and Industrialization—The
Individual Enterprise as a Social Organism—The Principle of Lead-
ership (The Confidential Council; The Trustees of Labor)—Appli-
cation of the Labor Law to Forest Enterprises
19. Tenure of Forest Property..........231
Old Germanic Concept of Land Ownership—Roman Law Concept of
Land Ownership—Fixed Tenure Essential for Forestry—Fixed Ten-
ure of Public Forests—Tenure of Private Forests (The Hereditary
xii German Forestry
Farmstead Law of 1933; Other Restrictions on Alienation of Private
Forests)
20. Forest Rights.............240
Origin of Forest Rights—Effect on Forest Management (Rights to
Building Timber; Fuelwood Rights; Grazing Rights; Rights to For-
est Litter; Rights to Acorn and Beech Mast)—Extent of Forest
Rights—Regulation and Extinction of Rights (Regulation of Rights;
Extinction of Rights)
21. Adjustment of Population to Land.......246
Population Trends in Germany—Population Policy of the German
Government—Legislation for Promoting Internal Settlement
22. State Restrictions on Forest Management......250
Early Restrictions—The Forest Ordinances—The Rise of Absolutism
—Influence of the French Revolution—South German and North
German Attitudes toward Private Forestry—Legal Restrictions on the
Management of Private Forests (Land Clearing; Forest Devastation
Prohibited; Clear-cutting; Subdivision of Forests; Reforestation of
Cut-over Land; Management Plans; Employment of Trained For-
esters)—Limits of Effective Regulation—State Control over Com-
munal Forests (General Property Supervision; Technical Supervi-
sion; State Administration)—Protection Forest Legislation (Defini-
tion and Classification of Protection Forests; Restrictions on Manage-
ment of Protection Forests; The Problem of Indemnities)
23. National Forestry Legislation.........273
The Need for a National Forest Law—National Law Proposed in
1920—Recent National Legislation (The Forest Devastation Law;
The Law of Forest Races; Establishment of National Forest Service)
—Governmental Control of Timber Industry and Trade (Govern-
mental Price-Fixing; Adjustment of Freight Rates; Control of Im-
ports)
24. The Development of Forest Taxation.......282
Development of the German Tax System—Taxation of Forests—The
Theory of Income Taxation (What Is Income in Forestry Enter-
prises?)—The Forest Income Tax Law of 1934 (Who Pays Income
Taxes? Determination of Income; Extraordinary and Intermittent
Cuttings) —The Forest Property Tax (The Property Tax Law of
1936; The Tax on Inheritances)—The Ground Tax—Miscellaneous
Taxes
25. Forest Fires and Forest Fire Insurance.......303
Reliable Forest Fire Statistics Needed—Number of Fires, Area
Contents xiii
Burned, and Damage—Causes of Fires—Class of Fire—Seasonal Dis-
tribution of Fires—Relation of Hazard to Character of Forest—Pre-
vention and Suppression of Forest Fires (Protective Measures against
Railroad Fires; Silvicultural Measures; Measures of Forest Organiza-
tion)—Forest Fire Insurance (The Need for Forest Fire Insurance;
Premium Rates; Appraisal; Indemnity for Losses; Obstacles to Forest
Fire Insurance; The Bavarian Forest Fire Insurance Organization;
The State s Interest in Forest Fire Insurance)
26. Forest Credits.............316
The Need for Credits in Forestry Enterprises—Reluctance to Lend
on Forests (The Problem of Controlling the Debtor s Operation)—
Loans by the Prussian Landschaften—Forest Credit Problems (Ap-
praisal of Loan Value; Terms of Repayment; A Trustee between
Lender and Borrower)—Forest Credits a Matter of Public Interest—
Credit Needs of the Timber Industries—Timber Industry Banks
27. Forest Reserve Funds...........328
28. The National Afforestation Program.......331
Appendices...............334
Literature Cited—Converting Factors—Text of Proposed National
Forest Law of 1920
Index.................341
|
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| author | Heske, Franz 1892-1963 |
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| spelling | Heske, Franz 1892-1963 Verfasser (DE-588)119201771 aut German forestry by Franz Heske. Publ. for the Oberlaender Trust of the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation New Haven Yale Univ. Press [u.a.] 1938 XXV, 342 S., 14 Bl. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Forests and forestry Germany Deutschland HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009611808&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Heske, Franz 1892-1963 German forestry Forests and forestry Germany |
| title | German forestry |
| title_auth | German forestry |
| title_exact_search | German forestry |
| title_full | German forestry by Franz Heske. Publ. for the Oberlaender Trust of the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation |
| title_fullStr | German forestry by Franz Heske. Publ. for the Oberlaender Trust of the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation |
| title_full_unstemmed | German forestry by Franz Heske. Publ. for the Oberlaender Trust of the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation |
| title_short | German forestry |
| title_sort | german forestry |
| topic | Forests and forestry Germany |
| topic_facet | Forests and forestry Germany Deutschland |
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