Contact lines for electric railways: planning, design, implementation
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Munich ; Erlangen
Publicis Corporate Publ.
2001
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 822 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3895781525 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 008 | 011113s2001 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 963028413 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 3895781525 |9 3-89578-152-5 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)46651987 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV014014162 | ||
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| 084 | |a BAU 780f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Kießling, Friedrich |d 1935-2019 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)124476538 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Fahrleitungen elektrischer Bahnen |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Contact lines for electric railways |b planning, design, implementation |c Friedrich Kießling ; Rainer Puschmann; Axel Schmieder |
| 264 | 1 | |a Munich ; Erlangen |b Publicis Corporate Publ. |c 2001 | |
| 300 | |a 822 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Electric railroads |x Design and construction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electric railroads |x Electronic equipment | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Fahrleitung |0 (DE-588)4136423-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Fahrleitung |0 (DE-588)4136423-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Puschmann, Rainer |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1345285655 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schmieder, Axel |d 1957- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1150188618 |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009595583&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009595583 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1817967889771134976 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
1
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
SYSTEMS
31
1.1
FUNCTIONS
OF
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
.
31
1.2
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
NETWORKS
.
31
1.2.1
TYPES
OF
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
SYSTEMS
.
31
1.2.2
BASIC
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
.
34
1.2.2.1
TRACTION
POWER
GENERATION
.
34
1.2.2.2
TRACTION
POWER
DISTRIBUTION
.
35
1.2.3
DIRECT
CURRENT
TRACTION
NETWORKS
.
36
1.2.4
AC
16,7
HZ
SINGLE-PHASE
TRACTION
NETWORKS
.
37
1.2.4.1
TRACTION
POWER
GENERATION
.
37
1.2.4.2
TYPES
OF
16,7
HZ
TRACTION
POWER
NETWORKS
.
38
1.2.5
50
HZ
SINGLE-PHASE
AC
TRACTION
NETWORKS
.
40
1.3
16,7
HZ
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
OF
THE
GERMAN
RAILWAY
(DB)
.
43
1.3.1
ENERGY
GENERATION
.
43
1.3.2
ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
AND
CONTACT
LINE
SUPPLY
.
43
1.3.3
STANDARD
16,7
HZ
SUBSTATIONS
OF
THE
GERMAN
RAILWAY
.
44
1.3.3.1
FUNCTION
AND
TYPES
OF
STANDARD
SUBSTATIONS
.
44
1.3.3.2
110
KV
OPEN
AIR
EQUIPMENT
.
45
1.3.3.3
15
KV
INDOOR
EQUIPMENT
.
48
1.3.3.4
AUXILIARIES
'
SUPPLY
.
50
1.3.3.5
PROTECTION
.
51
1.3.3.6
SUPERVISORY
CONTROL
AND
DATA
AQUISITION
SYSTEM
(SCADA)
.
53
1.3.3.7
BUILDINGS
AND
SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES
.
56
1.3.4
POWER
SYSTEM
CONTROL
.
57
1.3.4.1
DEVELOPMENT,
FUNCTIONS
AND
DESIGN
.
57
1.3.4.2
LOCAL
CONTROL
UNITS
AND
REMOTE
CONTROL
LINES
.
58
1.3.4.3
REMOTE
CONTROL
TECHNOLOGY
OF
THE
SCADA
.
59
1.3.4.4
CONVERTERS,
REMOTE
CONTROL
NODES
AND
SATELLITE
CONTROL
CENTRES
.
60
1.3.4.5
MASTER
CONTROL
CENTRES
.
60
1.3.4.6
TRANSMISSION
CONTROL
AND
NETWORK
COMMAND
CENTRES
.
61
1.4
AC
25
KV
50
HZ
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
OF
THE
MADRID-SEVILLE
LINE
.
61
1.4.1
LINE
SUPPLY
AND
CONNECTION
.
61
1.4.2
SUBSTATIONS
AND
THEIR
COMPONENTS
.
63
1.5
DC
750
V
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
OF
THE
ANKARAY
UNDERGROUND
RAILWAY
SYSTEM.
64
1.5.1
LINE
SUPPLY
AND
SWITCHING
.
64
1.5.2
SUBSTATIONS
AND
COMPONENTS
.
65
1.6
REFERENCES
.
67
14
CONTENTS
2
REQUIREMENTS
AND
SPECIFICATIONS
69
2.1
REQUIREMENTS
ON
CONTACT
LINES
.
69
2.1.1
GENERAL
.
69
2.1.2
MECHANICAL
REQUIREMENTS
.
70
2.1.3
ELECTRICAL
REQUIREMENTS
.
70
2.1.4
ENVIRONMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS
.
71
2.1.5
REQUIREMENTS
OF
OPERATION
AND
MAINTENANCE
.
71
2.2
REQUIREMENTS
RESULTING
FROM
THE
TRACK,
LINE
AND
OPERATING
CONDITIONS
.
72
2.2.1
REQUIREMENTS
AND
DEMANDS
MADE
ON
CONTACT
LINES
.
72
2.2.2
OPERATING
REQUIREMENTS
.
72
2.2.2.1
MAIN-LINE,
LONG-DISTANCE
TRAFFIC
.
72
2.2.2.2
LOCAL-AREA
TRAFFIC
.
74
2.2.3
REQUIREMENTS
DUE
TO
TRACK-RELATED
FACTORS
.
75
2.2.3.1
MAIN-LINE,
LONG-DISTANCE
TRAFFIC
.
75
2.2.3.2
URBAN
AND
LOCAL-AREA
TRAFFIC
.
76
2.2.4
REQUIREMENTS
DUE
TO
THE
RAILWAY
LINE
LOCATION
.
76
2.2.4.1
MAIN
LINE
LONG-DISTANCE
TRAFFIC
.
76
2.2.4.2
LOCAL-AREA
TRAFFIC
.
77
2.2.5
REQUIREMENTS
RELATING
TO
THE
GAUGE
.
77
2.2.5.1
MAIN-LINE
LONG
DISTANCE
TRAFFIC
.
77
2.2.5.2
LOCAL-AREA
TRAFFIC
.
80
2.3
CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS
.
83
2.3.1
TEMPERATURES
.
83
2.3.2
WIND
VELOCITIES
.
84
2.3.3
ICE
ACCUMULATION
.
86
2.3.4
ACTIVE
SUBSTANCES
IN
THE
AIR
.
86
2.3.5
LIGHTNING
VOLTAGE
SURGES
.
86
2.4
SPECIFICATIONS
DUE
TO
THE
PANTOGRAPH
.
87
2.4.1
DESIGN
AND
FUNCTIONS
.
87
2.4.2
PROPERTIES
OF
COLLECTOR
STRIPS
.
90
2.4.3
CONTACT
FORCES
BETWEEN
THE
PANTOGRAPH
AND
THE
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
.
91
2.4.3.1
BASICS
FOR
STATIC
CONTACT
FORCE
.
91
2.4.3.2
AERODYNAMIC
CONTACT
FORCE
.
92
2.4.3.3
DYNAMIC
CONTACT
FORCE
.
93
2.5
SPECIFICATIONS
ON
RELIABILITY
AND
SAFETY
.
94
2.5.1
STANDARDS
.
94
2.5.2
LOADING
AND
STRENGTH
.
94
2.5.3
INSULATION
CO-ORDINATION
.
95
2.5.4
PROTECTION
AGAINST
ELECTRIC
SHOCKS
.
97
2.5.4.1
GENERAL
PROTECTION
AGAINST
ELECTRIC
SHOCKS
.
97
2.5.4.2
PROTECTION
AGAINST
ELECTRIC
SHOCKS
BY
DIRECT
CONTACT
.
98
2.5.4.3
PROTECTION
AGAINST
ELECTRIC
SHOCKS
BY
INDIRECT
CONTACT
.
99
2.5.4.4
PROTECTION
AGAINST
ELECTRIC
SHOCKS
CAUSED
BY
THE
TRACK
POTENTIAL
.
.
101
2.6
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPATIBILITY
.
102
CONTENTS
15
2.6.1
GENERAL
.
102
2.6.2
ENVIRONMENTAL
RELEVANCE
OF
ELECTRIC
TRACTION
.
102
2.6.3
LAND
USAGE
.
103
2.6.4
NATURE
AND
BIRD
PROTECTION
.
103
2.6.5
AESTHETICS
.
103
2.6.6
ELECTRIC
AND
MAGNETIC
FIELDS
.
104
2.7
PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISITICS
OF
MATERIALS
IN
CONTACT
LINE
INSTALLATIONS
.
104
2.8
REFERENCES
.
107
3
TRACTION
CONTACT
LINE
SYSTEMS
AND
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
DESIGNS
109
3.1
TERMINOLOGY
.
109
3.2
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
TYPES
.
ILL
3.2.1
BASIC
CHARACTERISTICS
.
ILL
3.2.2
WIRES
AND
STRANDED
CONDUCTORS
.
112
3.2.2.1
TYPES
OF
WIRES
AND
STRANDED
CONDUCTORS
.
112
3.2.2.2
CONTACE
WIRES
.
112
3.2.2.3
STEEL
WIRES
.
114
3.2.2.4
STRANDED
CONDUCTORS
.
114
3.2.2.5
SYNTHETIC
ROPES
.
115
3.2.3
TROLLEY-TYPE
CONTACT
LINES
.
115
3.2.3.1
DEFINITION
AND
APPLICATION
.
115
3.2.3.2
SINGLE-POINT
SUSPENSION
WITH
FIXED
ANCHORED
CONTACT
WIRE
.
115
3.2.3.3
PENDANT-TYPE
SUSPENSION
WITH
AND
WITHOUT
AUTOMATIC
TENSIONING
.
116
3.2.3.4
BRIDLE-TYPE
SUSPENSION
.
116
3.2.3.5
ELASTIC
SUPPORTS
.
117
3.2.4
TROLLEY-TYPE
CONTACT
LINE
WITH
STITCH
SUSPENSION
.
117
3.2.5
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
WITH
CATENARY
SUSPENSION
.
118
3.2.5.1
BASIC
DESIGN
.
118
3.2.5.2
CONTACT
LINES
WITH
DROPPERS
AT
THE
SUPPORTS
.
118
3.2.5.3
CONTACT
LINE
WITH
OFFSET
SUPPORT
DROPPERS
.
119
3.2.5.4
CONTACT
LINE
WITH
STITCH
SUSPENSION
.
119
3.2.5.5
CONTACT
LINE
WITH
INCLINED
SUSPENSION
.
121
3.2.5.6
CONTACT
LINE
WITH
ELASTIC
DROPPER
ELEMENTS
.
122
3.2.5.7
CONTACT
LINE
WITH
AUXILIARY
CATENARY
WIRE,
COMPOUND
CONTACT
LINE
.
122
3.2.6
HORIZONTAL
CATENARY
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
.
123
3.3
CONDUCTOR
RAILS
.
124
3.3.1
THIRD
RAIL
INSTALLATIONS
.
124
3.3.2
TYPES
OF
CONDUCTOR
RAIL
.
126
3.3.3
CONSTRUCTION
AND
OPERATION
OF
CONDUCTOR
RAIL
INSTALLATIONS
.
127
3.4
OVERHEAD
CONDUCTOR
RAIL
INSTALLATIONS
.
129
3.5
REFERENCES
.
132
16
CONTENTS
4
DESIGN
OF
CONTACT
LINES
AND
CROSS-SPAN
EQUIPMENT
135
4.1
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
EQUIPMENT
.
135
4.1.1
BASIC
DESIGN
.
135
4.1.2
SELECTION
OF
THE
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
DESIGN
.
137
4.1.3
SELECTION
OF
CONDUCTOR
CROSS
SECTIONS
AND
TENSILE
FORCES
.
138
4.1.4
SELECTION
OF
SPAN
LENGTHS
.
139
4.1.5
SELECTION
OF
SYSTEM
HEIGHT
.
140
4.1.6
DESIGN
OF
CONTACT
LINES
IN
TUNNELS
.
141
4.1.7
ADOPTION
OF
CONTACT
WIRE
PRE-SAG
.
142
4.1.8
SELECTION
OF
DROPPER
SPACING
.
142
4.1.9
USE
OF
A
STITCH
WIRE
.
143
4.1.10
SELECTION
OF
TENSIONING
SECTION
LENGTH
.
143
4.1.11
DESIGN
OF
CONNECTED
AND
INSULATED
OVERLAPS
.
148
4.1.12
DESIGN
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
EQUIPMENT
AND
ITS
COMPONENTS
.
149
4.1.12.1
CONFIGURATION
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
EQUIPMENT
.
149
4.1.12.2
MIDPOINT
ANCHORS
.
150
4.1.12.3
AUTOMATIC
FLEXIBLE
TENSIONING
.
151
4.1.12.4
FIXED
TERMINATIONS
.
154
4.1.12.5
DROPPER
.
155
4.1.12.6
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTIONS
.
155
4.1.12.7
ELECTRICAL
SECTIONING
.
156
4.1.12.8
DESIGN
OF
NEUTRAL
SECTIONS
AND
PHASE
SEPARATIONS
.
157
4.2
CROSS-SPAN
EQUIPMENT
.
159
4.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
159
4.2.2
HINGED
CANTILEVERS
.
160
4.2.3
CANTILEVERS
ACROSS
SEVERAL
TRACKS
.
164
4.2.4
HEAD-SPANS
.
164
4.2.4.1
APPLICATION
.
164
4.2.4.2
DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
.
165
4.2.4.3
DETAILED
STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
.
166
4.2.5
PORTAL
STRUCTURES
.
167
4.2.6
CONTACT
LINE
PULL-OFFS
.
169
4.2.7
CROSS-SPAN
EQUIPMENT
IN
TUNNELS
.
169
4.3
TRACTION
POWER
LINES
.
169
4.3.1
DEFINITIONS
.
169
4.3.2
ROUTING
AND
SUPPORTING
OF
TRACTION
POWER
LINES
.
171
4.4
SIGNALS
FOR
ELECTRIC
TRACTION
.
172
4.5
GUARDS
TO
PREVENT
ACCIDENTAL
CONTACT
.
173
4.6
COMPONENTS
AND
ELEMENTS
.
173
4.6.1
OVERHEAD
LINE
DISCONNECTORS
.
173
4.6.2
INSULATORS
.
175
4.6.2.1
PURPOSE
AND
LOADINGS
.
175
4.6.2.2
INSULATING
MATERIALS
.
176
4.6.2.3
DESIGNS
AND
APPLICATIONS
.
176
CONTENTS
17
4.6.2.4
ELECTRICAL
AND
MECHANICAL
RATING
.
177
4.6.2.5
SELECTION
AND
APPLICATION
.
178
4.6.3
CLAMPS
AND
CONNECTION
FITTINGS
.
180
4.6.3.1
PURPOSE
AND
RATING
.
180
4.6.3.2
MATERIALS
.
180
4.6.3.3
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
EQUIPMENT
.
183
4.6.3.4
HINGED
TUBULAR
CANTILEVER
.
185
4.6.3.5
HEAD
SPAN
STRUCTURE
.
188
4.7
SYSTEMISATION
OF
THE
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
AND
THEIR
COMPONENTS
.
190
4.8
IMPLEMENTED
CONTACT
LINE
SYSTEMS
.
192
4.8.1
MASS
TRANSIT
SYSTEMS
.
192
4.8.2
MAIN
LINE
SYSTEMS
.
198
4.8.2.1
OVERHEAD
LINES
FOR
DC
3
KV
.
198
4.8.2.2
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
FOR
AC
15
KV
16,7
HZ
.
202
4.8.2.3
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
FOR
AC
25
KV
50
HZ
.
208
4.9
REFERENCES
.
215
5
CALCULATIONS
FOR
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
EQUIPMENT
219
5.1
ASSUMPTIONS
CONCERNING
LOADS
AND
STRESSES
.
219
5.1.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
219
5.1.2
DEAD
LOADS
.
219
5.1.3
TENSILE
FORCES
AND
THEIR
COMPONENTS
.
221
5.1.3.1
TENSILE
FORCES
ACTING
ON
CONDUCTORS
AND
WIRES
.
221
5.1.3.2
COMPONENTS
OF
THE
TENSILE
FORCES
ACTING
ON
CONDUCTORS
.
224
5.1.4
WIND
LOADS
.
229
5.1.5
ICE
LOADS
.
231
5.2
SAG
.
232
5.2.1
SINGLE
TROLLEY-TYPE
CONTACT
LINE
.
232
5.2.1.1
SUPPORTS
AT
EQUAL
HEIGHT
.
232
5.2.1.2
SUPPORTS
AT
DIFFERENT
HEIGHTS
.
233
5.2.1.3
CATENARY
SUSPENDED
CONTACT
LINES
.
234
5.3
PHYSICAL
STATE
CHANGE
EQUATIONS
.
236
5.4
DEFLECTION
DUE
TO
WIND
.
240
5.4.1
DEFLECTION
DUE
TO
WIND
ON
TANGENT
TRACK
.
240
5.4.2
DEFLECTION
DUE
TO
WIND
AND
CONTACT
WIRE
STAGGER
IN
CURVES
.
241
5.4.2.1
CONTACT
WIRE
OFFSET
IN
STILL
AIR
.
241
5.4.2.2
CONTACT
WIRE
OFFSET
UNDER
WIND
LOAD
.
242
5.4.3
DEFLECTION
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
EQUIPMENT
DUE
TO
WIND
.
243
5.5
LONGITUDINAL
SPANS
AND
TENSIONING
SECTION
LENGTHS
.
247
5.5.1
RELEVANCE
OF
SPAN
AND
TENSION
LENGTHS
.
247
5.5.2
MAXIMUM
POSSIBLE
SPANS
.
247
5.5.2.1
SIGNIFICANT
PARAMETERS
.
247
5.5.2.2
WORKING
RANGE
OF
PANTOGRAPH
HEAD
.
248
5.5.2.3
LATERAL
MOVEMENT
OF
THE
VEHICLE
.
248
18
CONTENTS
5.5.2.4
CONTACT
WIRE
LIMIT
POSITION
WITH
DEFLECTION
BY
WIND
.
250
5.5.2.5
DETERMINATION
OF
LONGITUDINAL
SPAN
LENGTHS
.
252
5.5.3
CALCULATING
TENSIONING
SECTION
LENGTHS
(TENSION
LENGTHS)
.
253
5.6
REFERENCES
.
255
6
PLANNING
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
SYSTEMS
257
6.1
OBJECTIVE
AND
PROCESS
.
257
6.2
FUNDAMENTALS
AND
INITIAL
DATA
.
260
6.2.1
GENERAL
.
260
6.2.2
TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
.
260
6.2.3
PLANNING
DOCUMENTS
.
260
6.2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
260
6.2.3.2
NEW
LINES
.
263
6.2.3.3
EXISTING
LINES
.
.
265
6.2.3.4
ALTERATIONS
.
265
6.2.3.5
TRACKS
AND
TOPOGRAPHY
.
265
6.2.3.6
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM
.
266
6.3
CONTACT
WIRE
STAGGER
AND
HORIZONTAL
FORCES
.
267
6.4
DETERMINATION
OF
SPAN
LENGTHS
.
273
6.5
TENSIONING
SECTION
LENGTHS
.
274
6.6
OVERLAPPING
SECTIONS
.
276
6.7
CONTACT
LINE
ABOVE
POINTS
.
277
6.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
277
6.7.2
DESIGNATION
AND
DRAWING
OF
TRACK
POINTS
.
277
6.7.3
PRINCIPLES
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
WIRING
AT
TRACK
POINTS
.
281
6.7.4
FITTING-FREE
AREA
.
281
6.7.5
ARRANGEMENT
OF
INTERSECTING
CONTACT
LINE
WIRING
AT
POINTS
.
282
6.7.6
DEFINITION
OF
SUPPORTS
FOR
CROSSING
CONTACT
WIRES
AT
TRACK
POINTS
.
284
6.7.7
HEIGHT
OF
CONTACT
WIRES
IN
POINTS
AREA
.
287
6.7.8
EXAMPLE
FOR
POINT
WIRING
.
289
6.7.9
TANGENTIAL
POINT
WIRING
.
292
6.8
ROUTE
OBSTACLES
FOR
WIRING
.
294
6.8.1
GENERAL
.
294
6.8.2
POINTS
.
295
6.8.3
SIGNALS
AND
SIGNAL
VISIBILITY
.
295
6.8.4
RAILWAY
CROSSINGS
.
295
6.8.5
ENGINEERING
STRUCTURES
.
296
6.8.6
ELECTRICAL
SEPARATIONS
AT
STATIONS
AND
ON
OPEN
TRACK
.
300
6.9
LAYOUT
PLAN
.
300
6.9.1
OBJECTIVE
AND
INFORMATION
.
300
6.9.2
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
SYSTEM
SYMBOLS
.
301
6.9.3
CONTACT
LINE
EQUIPMENT
SUPPORTS
AND
POLE
LOCATIONS
.
301
6.9.4
SINGLE
POLES
.
306
6.9.5
HEAD-SPAN
STRUCTURES
.
307
CONTENTS
19
6.9.6
MULTIPLE-TRACK
CANTILEVERS
.
307
6.9.7
PORTALS
.
307
6.9.8
TUNNEL
SUPPORTS
.
307
6.9.9
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTIONS
.
307
6.9.10
RETURN
CURRENT
CIRCUITS
AND
PROTECTIVE
EARTHING
.
308
6.9.11
SIGNALS
FOR
ELECTRIC
TRACTION
.
311
6.9.12
ESTABLISHING
LAYOUT
PLANS
.
311
6.10
TRANSVERSE
PROFILE
DIAGRAM
.
312
6.10.1
OBJECTIVE
AND
INFORMATION
.
312
6.10.2
TYPES
OF
POLES
AND
THEIR
CLASSIFICATION
.
312
6.10.3
POLE
GEOMETRY
.
315
6.10.4
TRANSVERSE
SWITCHING
LINES,
DISCONNECTORS
ON
POLES
.
315
6.10.5
DETERMINATION
OF
POLE
LENGTHS
.
315
6.10.6
CANTILEVERS
.
318
6.10.7
POLE
AND
FOUNDATION
SELECTION
.
319
6.10.8
HEAD-SPAN
STRUCTURES
.
320
6.10.9
PORTALS
.
323
6.11
LONGITUDINAL
PROFILES
.
325
6.11.1
CONTENTS
.
325
6.11.2
DROPPER
ARRANGEMENT
.
325
6.11.3
CONTACT
WIRE
HEIGHT
REDUCTIONS
.
326
6.11.4
TRACTION
POWER
LINE
LONGITUDINAL
PROFILE
.
326
6.11.5
MINIMUM
CLEARANCES
TO
OVERHEAD
LINES
AND
TRACTION
FEEDER
LINES
.
327
6.11.6
TRACTION
POWER
LINES
.
328
6.11.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
328
6.11.6.2
LINE
ATTACHMENT
TO
POLES
.
328
6.11.6.3
CLEARANCE
VERIFICATION
.
329
6.12
PROJECT
DOCUMENTATION
.
335
6.13
COMPUTER
SUPPORTED
CONFIGURATION
.
336
6.13.1
OBJECTIVES
.
.
336
6.13.2
STRUCTURE
AND
MODULES
.
337
6.13.3
DATA
MANAGEMENT
.
337
6.13.4
HARDWARE
AND
SOFTWARE
.
339
6.13.5
APPLICATION
.
339
6.14
REFERENCES
.
340
7
CROSS-SPAN
STRUCTURES,
POLES
AND
FOUNDATIONS
341
7.1
LOADING
ASSUMPTION
.
341
7.1.1
INTRODUCTION
.
341
7.1.2
PERMANENT
LOADS
.
341
7.1.3
VARIABLE
LOADS
.
342
7.1.3.1
GENERAL
.
342
7.1.3.2
WIND
LOADS
.
342
7.1.3.3
ICE
LOADS
.
344
20
CONTENTS
7.1.3.4
SIMULTANEOUS
ACTION
OF
WIND
AND
ICE
.
345
7.1.4
LOADINGS
DUE
TO
ERECTION
AND
MAINTENANCE
.
345
7.2
TRANSVERSE
SUPPORT
EQUIPMENT
AND
POLES
.
345
7.2.1
TRANSVERSE
SUPPORT
EQUIPMENT
.
345
7.2.1.1
TYPES
OF
SUPPORT
EQUIPMENT
.
345
7.2.1.2
SWIVEL
CANTILEVERS
.
345
7.2.1.3
CANTILEVER
ACROSS
SEVERAL
TRACKS
.
346
7.2.1.4
FLEXIBLE
TRANSVERSE
SUPPORT
EQUIPMENT
.
347
7.2.1.5
PORTAL
STRUCTURES
.
347
7.3
POLES
.
348
7.3.1
TYPES
OF
POLES
.
348
7.3.2
LOADING
ASSUMPTIONS
.
349
7.3.3
STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
AND
MATERIALS
.
350
7.4
RATING
OF
CROSS-SPAN
SUPPORTS
.
352
7.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
352
7.4.2
CANTILEVERS
.
353
7.4.2.1
LOADING
AND
INTERNAL
FORCES
AND
MOMENTS
.
353
7.4.2.2
RATING
BASED
ON
EUROCODES
.
355
7.4.3
FLEXIBLE
CROSS-SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES
.
357
7.4.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
357
7.4.3.2
LOADING,
INTERNAL
FORCES
AND
SAG
OF
HEAD
SPAN
WIRES
.
357
7.4.3.3
HEIGHT
OF
INSTALLATION,
DETERMINATION
OF
POLE
LENGTHS
.
359
7.4.3.4
LOADINGS
AND
INTERNAL
FORCES
OF
CROSS-SPAN
WIRES
.
360
7.4.3.5
RATING
OF
HEAD-SPAN
WIRES,
CROSS-SPAN
WIRES
AND
SUPPORTS
.
360
7.4.4
HORIZONTAL
REGISTRATION
ARRANGEMENTS
.
361
7.5
RATING
OF
POLES
.
363
7.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
363
7.5.2
DETERMINATION
OF
POLE
LENGTH
.
363
7.5.3
LOADINGS
AND
INTERNAL
FORCES
AND
MOMENTS
.
363
7.5.4
RATING
OF
CROSS
SECTIONS
.
366
7.5.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
366
7.5.4.2
LATTICE
STEEL
POLES
.
366
7.5.4.3
DOUBLE
CHANNEL
POLES
.
369
7.5.4.4
H-BEAM
POLES
.
370
7.5.4.5
STEEL
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
POLES
.
372
7.5.4.6
DEFLECTION
.
374
7.6
SUBSOIL
.
376
7.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
376
7.6.2
UNDISTURBED
SOIL
.
376
7.6.2.1
CLASSIFICATION
.
376
7.6.2.2
NON-COHESIVE,
ROLLING
SOILS
.
377
7.6.2.3
COHESIVE
SOILS
.
377
7.6.2.4
ORGANIC
SOILS
.
377
7.6.3
ROCK
.
378
CONTENTS
21
7.6.4
SOIL
FILL
.
378
7.6.5
SOIL
INVESTIGATION
.
378
7.6.6
METHODS
OF
OBTAINING
SOIL
SAMPLES
.
378
7.6.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
378
7.6.6.2
INVESTIGATION
BORING
.
379
7.6.6.3
INVESTIGATION
BY
PROBES
.
379
7.6.7
PROBING
.
380
7.6.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
380
7.6.7.2
DRIVEN
PROBES
IN
ACCORDANCE
WITH
DIN
4094
.
380
7.6.7.3
STANDARD
PENETRATION
TEST
.
381
7.6.8
EVALUATION
OF
SOIL
INVESTIGATION
.
381
7.6.9
SOIL
CHARACTERISTICS
.
382
7.6.10
PRACTICAL
APPLICATION
.
382
7.7
FOUNDATIONS
.
385
7.7.1
BASIS
OF
DESIGN
.
385
7.7.2
BLOCK
FOUNDATIONS
WITHOUT
STEPS
.
385
7.7.3
BLOCK
FOUNDATIONS
WITH
STEPS
.
388
7.7.4
DRIVEN
PILE
FOUNDATIONS
.
391
7.7.5
ANCHOR
FOUNDATIONS
.
395
7.8
EXAMPLE
.
397
7.8.1
DATA
OF
CONTACT
LINE
.
397
7.8.2
DESIGN
ACCORDING
TO
RECENT
EUROPEAN
STANDARDS
.
398
7.8.2.1
LOADINGS
.
398
7.8.2.2
DESIGN
OF
POLE
.
399
7.8.2.3
CANTILEVER
.
401
7.8.3
FOUNDATION
.
403
7.9
REFERENCES
.
405
8
CONTACT
LINE
DESIGNS
FOR
SPECIAL
APPLICATIONS
409
8.1
INTRODUCTION
.
409
8.2
MAINTENANCE
INSTALLATIONS
.
409
8.3
TUNNEL
SEALS
.
411
8.4
SEPARATION
BETWEEN
ELECTRIFICATION
SYSTEMS
.
412
8.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
412
8.4.2
SYSTEM
SEPARATION
SECTIONS
ON
OPEN
LINES
.
412
8.4.3
STATIONS
WITH
TWO
POWER
SUPPLY
SYSTEMS
.
414
8.5
MOVABLE
BRIDGES
.
415
8.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
415
8.5.2
CONTACT
LINE
DESIGN
.
416
8.5.2.1
FOLDING
BRIDGES
.
416
8.5.2.2
SWIVELLING
BRIDGES
.
418
8.5.2.3
LIFTING
BRIDGES
.
420
8.5.3
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTIONS
AND
SIGNALLING
.
422
8.6
LEVEL
CROSSINGS
OF
LINES
FED
BY
DIFFERING
POWER
SUPPLY
SYSTEMS
.
423
22
CONTENTS
8.6.1
CROSSING
BETWEEN
MAINLINE
RAILWAYS
AND
TRAMWAYS
.
423
8.6.2
CROSSINGS
BETWEEN
LIGHT-RAIL
AND
TROLLEY
BUS
LINES
.
424
8.7
CONTACT
LINE
DESIGN
ABOVE
LEVEL
CROSSINGS
.
426
8.7.1
ARRANGEMENTS
FOR
STANDARD
HEIGHT
TRANSPORTS
.
426
8.7.2
ARRANGEMENTS
FOR
OVERSIZE
TRANSPORTS
WITH
PERMANENTLY
INCREASED
CON
TACT
WIRE
HEIGHTS
.
427
8.7.3
ARRANGEMENT
OF
GAPS
WITHIN
THE
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
.
428
8.7.4
TEMPORARY
LIFTING
OF
CONTACT
LINE
BY
MOVABLE
CANTILEVERS
.
429
8.7.4.1
GENERAL
.
429
8.7.5
TEMPORARY
LIFTING
OR
REMOVING
OF
THE
CONTACT
LINES
BY
MANUAL
PROCEDURES
431
8.8
CONTAINER
TERMINALS,
LOADING
AND
CHECKING
TRACKS,
RAILWAY
LINES
IN
MINES
.
.
432
8.8.1
SWIVELING
CONTACT
LINES
.
432
8.8.2
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAMS
FOR
LOADING
AND
CHECKING
TRACKS
.
433
8.8.3
SWIVELLING
STOPES
AND
LATERALLY
ARRANGED
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
.
434
8.9
REFERENCES
.
436
9
INTERACTION
OF
PANTOGRAPHS
AND
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
439
9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
439
9.2
TECHNICAL
PRINCIPLES
.
439
9.2.1
PROPAGATION
OF
TRANSVERSAL
IMPULSES
ALONG
THE
LENGTH
OF
A
CONTACT
WIRE
UNDER
TENSION
.
439
9.2.2
BEHAVIOUR
OF
THE
TAUT
CONTACT
WIRE
WHEN
SUBJECTED
TO
A
CONSTANT
FORCE
APPLIED
AT
A
POINT
MOVING
ALONG
IT
.
441
9.2.3
CONTACT
WIRE
UPLIFT
AT
HIGH
SPEEDS
.
442
9.2.4
HOW
A
CONCENTRATED
MASS
REFLECTS
TRANSVERSAL
IMPULSES
TRAVELLING
ALONG
A
CONTACT
WIRE
.
445
9.2.5
HOW
A
DROPPER
REFLECTS
TRANSVERSAL
IMPULSES
TRAVELLING
ALONG
A
CONTACT
WIRE
.
447
9.2.6
DOPPLER
FACTOR
.
449
9.2.7
NATURAL
FREQUENCIES
OF
AN
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
.
451
9.2.8
DYNAMIC
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
TYPICAL
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
DESIGNS
.
451
9.3
SIMULATION
OF
INTERACTION
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
AND
PANTOGRAPHS
.
453
9.3.1
PURPOSE
AND
OBJECTIVES
.
453
9.3.2
MODEL
OF
THE
PANTOGRAPH
SYSTEM
.
454
9.3.3
CONTACT
LINE
SYSTEM
MODELS
.
456
9.3.3.1
BASIC
CONSIDERATIONS
.
456
9.3.3.2
MODELLING
WITH
THE
AID
OF
THE
FINITE-ELEMENT
METHOD
[0.16]
.
457
9.3.3.3
ANALYTICAL
SOLUTION
IN
THE
FREQUENCY
AREA
[0.14]
.
457
9.3.3.4
METHOD
USING
FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT
FINITE
ELEMENTS
.
457
9.3.3.5
MODELLING
ON
THE
BASIS
OF
D
'
ALAMBERT
'
S
WAVE
EQUATIONS
[0.5]
.
458
9.3.4
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
INSTALLATION
MODELS
USING
FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT
FINITE
ELEMENTS
.
458
9.3.4.1
MATHEMATICAL
DESCRIPTION
.
458
9.3.4.2
NATURAL
FREQUENCY
CALCULATION
EXAMPLE
.
462
CONTENTS
23
9.3.4.3
CONTACT
FORCE
CALCULATION
.
463
9.3.4.4
EXAMPLES
FOR
CONTACT
FORCE
CALCULATIONS
.
465
9.4
MEASUREMENTS
AND
TESTS
.
466
9.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
466
9.4.2
CONTACT
FORCE
MEASUREMENTS
.
468
9.4.2.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
468
9.4.2.2
MEASURING
TECHNOLOGY
.
468
9.4.2.3
MEASURED
QUANTITIES
.
472
9.4.2.4
CORRECTION
OF
THE
AERODYNAMIC
COLLECTOR
STRIP
UPLIFT
.
475
9.4.2.5
EVALUATION
AND
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
MEASUREMENT
RESULTS
.
476
9.4.3
MEASUREMENT
OF
THE
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
POSITION
AND
THE
THICKNESS
OF
THE
CONTACT
WIRE
.
479
9.4.4
ASSESSMENT
OF
DYNAMIC
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
PANTOGRAPHS
.
482
9.4.5
MEASUREMENT
OF
CONTACT
WIRE
UPLIFT
AND
DYNAMIC
CONTACT
LINE
ELASTICITY
484
9.4.5.1
STATIONARY
MEASUREMENT
OF
CONTACT
WIRE
UPLIFT
.
484
9.4.5.2
MOBILE
MEASUREMENT
OF
THE
CONTACT
WIRE
UPLIFT
.
486
9.4.5.3
MEASUREMENT
OF
THE
DYNAMIC
ELASTICITY
OF
THE
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
486
9.5
EFFECT
OF
THE
DESIGN
PARAMETERS
.
487
9.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
487
9.5.2
CRITERIA
FOR
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
INSTALLATION
DESIGNS
.
487
9.5.2.1
ELASTICITY
AND
UPLIFT
.
487
9.5.2.2
DYNAMIC
CRITERIA
.
490
9.5.3
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
DESIGN
PARAMETERS
.
492
9.5.3.1
CROSS-SECTIONAL
AREAS
AND
TENSILE
STRESS
.
492
9.5.3.2
SPAN
LENGTHS
AND
SYSTEM
HEIGHT
.
494
9.5.3.3
PRE-SAG
AND
STITCH
WIRES
.
496
9.5.3.4
EFFECT
OF
ADJUSTMENT
ACCURACY
.
498
9.5.4
PANTOGRAPH
DESIGN
PARAMETERS
.
499
9.5.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
499
9.5.4.2
FEATURES
OF
PANTOGRAPH
DESIGNS
.
499
9.5.4.3
TRAINS
RUNNING
WITH
MULTIPLE
PANTOGRAPHS
.
502
9.5.4.4
COLLECTOR
STRIP
AND
CONTACT
WIRE
MATERIALS
.
504
9.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
507
9.6.1
LIMITS
ON
THE
TRANSMISSION
OF
ENERGY
VIA
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
AND
PANTOGRAPHS
.
507
9.6.2
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
REQUIREMENTS
.
509
9.6.3
PANTOGRAPH
REQUIREMENTS
.
509
9.6.4
REQUIREMENTS
CONCERNING
THE
INTERACTION
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
AND
PANTOGRAPHS
.
511
9.7
REFERENCES
.
512
10
CURRENTS
AND
VOLTAGES
IN
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
NETWORKS
517
10.1
INTRODUCTION
.
517
10.2
ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
CONTACT
LINES
.
517
24
CONTENTS
10.2.1
BASIC
RELATIONS
.
517
10.2.2
IMPEDANCES
.
518
10.2.2.1
COMPONENTS
.
518
10.2.2.2
RESISTANCE
PER
UNIT
LENGTH
.
519
10.2.2.3
INDUCTANCE
PER
UNIT
LENGTH
.
522
10.2.2.4
IMPEDANCE
PER
UNIT
LENGTH
.
525
10.2.2.5
MEASURING
THE
IMPEDANCES
OF
CONTACT
LINES
.
526
10.2.2.6
CALCULATED
AND
MEASURED
IMPEDANCES
PER
UNIT
LENGTH
-
COMPARISONS
530
10.2.3
TRACK-TO-EARTH
LEAKANCE
PER
UNIT
LENGTH
.
534
10.2.4
CAPACITANCES
PER
UNIT
LENGTH
.
536
10.3
VOLTAGE
REGULATION
IN
CONTACT
LINE
NETWORKS
.
538
10.3.1
BASIC
REQUIREMENTS
.
538
10.3.2
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
539
10.3.3
VOLTAGE
DROP
CALCULATIONS
.
541
10.3.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
541
10.3.3.2
SINGLE-END
FEED
.
541
10.3.3.3
DOUBLE-END
FEED
.
543
10.3.4
OTHER
CALCULATION
ALGORITHMS
.
546
10.4
OPERATING
CURRENTS
.
548
10.4.1
GENERAL
.
548
10.4.2
TRACTION
CURRENTS
OF
TRACTION
UNITS
.
548
10.4.3
CURRENTS
IN
A
CONTACT
LINE
SECTION
.
548
10.4.3.1
BASIC
CONSIDERATIONS
.
548
10.4.3.2
GENERAL-PURPOSE
RAILWAY
LINES
.
549
10.4.3.3
HIGH-SPEED
AND
HEAVY-TRAFFIC
RAILWAY
LINES
.
551
10.5
CONTACT
LINE
CIRCUITS
.
552
10.5.1
BASIC
REQUIREMENTS
ON
CONTACT
LINE
CIRCUITS
.
552
10.5.2
BASIC
TYPES
OF
CIRCUITS
.
553
10.5.3
CONTACT
LINE
INSTALLATION
CIRCUITS
USED
BY
THE
GERMAN
RAILWAYS,
DB
.
.
555
10.5.4
DISCONNECTORS
.
560
10.6
REFERENCES
.
560
11
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
AND
PROTECTIVE
PROVISIONS
563
11.1
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
OF
ELECTRIC
TRACTION
CONTACT
LINES
.
563
11.1.1
ELECTRIC
TRACTION
POWER
LOAD
.
563
11.1.1.1
POWER
REQUIREMENTS
.
563
11.1.1.2
RAILWAYS
FOR
GENERAL
TRAFFIC
.
563
11.1.1.3
HIGH-SPEED
AND
HEAVY-DUTY
RAILWAY
LINES
.
569
11.1.1.4
SHORT-CIRCUIT
LOADS
.
571
11.1.2
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
.
576
11.1.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
576
11.1.2.2
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
DESCRIBING
THE
HEATING
OF
CONTACT
WIRES
.
576
11.1.3
CURRENT
CAPACITY
IN
CASE
OF
VARYING
OPERATIONAL
CURRENTS
.
577
11.1.3.1
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
OF
CONTACT
LINE
HEATING
.
577
CONTENTS
25
11.1.3.2
PARAMETERS
AFFECTING
THE
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
OF
A
CONDUCTOR
.
579
11.1.3.3
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
OF
INDIVIDUAL
CONTACT
WIRES
OR
CONDUCTORS
585
11.1.3.4
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
OF
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
.
586
11.1.3.5
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
OF
CONDUCTOR
RAILS
.
588
11.1.3.6
SHORT-TERM
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
AND
REFERENCE
STRENGTH
.
589
11.1.3.7
SHORT-CIRCUIT
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
.
590
11.1.3.8
FUSING
CURRENT
.
592
11.1.4
THERMAL
DESIGN
CALCULATIONS
.
593
11.1.4.1
MAXIMUM
PRINCIPLE
.
593
11.1.4.2
MATCHING
LOAD
AND
CURRENT-CARRYING
CAPACITY
CHARACTERISTICS
.
593
11.2
EFFECT
OF
THE
TEMPERATURE
ON
CONTACT
WIRE
CHARACTERISTICS
.
595
11.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
595
11.2.2
METALLURGICAL
PRINCIPLES
.
596
11.2.3
EFFECT
OF
HEATING
ON
THE
TENSILE
STRENGTH
.
598
11.2.4
EFFECT
OF
EXPOSURE
TO
INCREASED
HEAT
ON
TENSILE
STRENGTH
.
600
11.2.5
HEATING
AND
REDUCTION
OF
CONTACT
WIRE
TENSILE
STRENGTH
AT
LOCATIONS
SUB
JECT
TO
INCREASED
WEAR
AND
AT
CONNECTION
TERMINALS
.
603
11.2.6
THE
TENSILE
STRENGTH
OF
CONTACT
WIRES
AT
THE
CONTACT
WIRE
COLLECTOR
STRIP
INTERFACE
.
605
11.2.7
CONCLUSIONS
.
607
11.3
CONTACT
LINE
PROTECTION
AND
FAULT
LOCATION
.
608
11.3.1
PURPOSE
OF
PROTECTIVE
PROVISIONS
FOR
CONTACT
LINES
.
608
11.3.2
PROTECTIVE
PROVISIONS
FOR
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINES
USED
BY
THE
DB
.
610
11.3.3
FAULT
LOCALISATION
.
615
11.4
REFERENCES
.
617
12
CURRENT
RETURN
CIRCUIT
AND
EARTHING
621
12.1
INTRODUCTION
.
621
12.2
TERMS
AND
DEFINITIONS
.
622
12.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
622
12.2.2
EARTH
.
622
12.2.3
EARTH
ELECTRODE
.
623
12.2.4
SOIL
RESISTIVITY
AND
RESISTANCE
TO
EARTH
.
623
12.2.5
STRUCTURE
EARTH,
TUNNEL
EARTH,
TRACTION
SYSTEM
EARTH
.
623
12.2.6
EARTH
POTENTIAL
AND
RAIL
POTENTIAL
.
624
12.2.7
TOUCH
VOLTAGE
.
624
12.2.8
ACCESSIBLE
VOLTAGE
.
624
12.2.9
OVERHEAD
CONTACT
LINE
ZONE
AND
PANTOGRAPH
ZONE
.
625
12.2.10
RETURN
CIRCUIT
.
625
12.2.11
STRAY
CURRENT
.
625
12.3
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
626
12.3.1
RETURN
CIRCUIT
.
626
12.3.2
RAIL
POTENTIALS
.
630
12.3.2.1
GENERAL
ASPECTS
.
630
26
CONTENTS
12.3.2.2
TRACK-TO-EARTH
VOLTAGE
IN
OPERATIONAL
CONDITIONS
.
632
12.3.2.3
TRACK-TO-EARTH
VOLTAGE
IN
THE
CASE
OF
SHORT
CIRCUITS
.
634
12.3.3
SAFETY
.
635
12.3.4
SECURITY
.
635
12.3.5
STRAY
CURRENT
CORROSION
.
636
12.3.6
COMMON
FEATURES
OF
AND
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
AC
AND
DC
RAILWAYS
.
.
.
636
12.3.7
MEASUREMENTS
.
638
12.4
EARTH
AS
A
CONDUCTOR
.
638
12.4.1
SOIL
RESISTIVITY
AND
CONDUCTIVITY
.
638
12.4.2
TRACK-EARTH
CIRCUIT
.
640
12.4.2.1
GENERAL
.
640
12.4.2.2
TRACK-EARTH
CIRCUIT
OF
DC
SYSTEMS
.
641
12.4.2.3
TRACK-EARTH
CIRCUIT
OF
AC
SYSTEMS
.
643
12.4.3
EARTH
ELECTRODES
IN
THE
VICINITY
OF
RAILWAYS
.
647
12.4.3.1
EARTH
RESISTANCE
OF
ELECTRODES
AND
POLE
EARTHING
.
647
12.4.3.2
EFFECTIVE
LEAKANCE
PER
UNIT
LENGTH
.
650
12.5
DIRECT-CURRENT
TRACTION
SYSTEMS
.
650
12.5.1
DESIGN
OF
THE
RETURN
CIRCUIT
AND
EARTHING
INSTALLATIONS
.
650
12.5.2
SAFETY
OF
PERSONS
.
652
12.5.3
STRAY
CURRENT
PROTECTION
.
653
12.5.3.1
GENERAL
INFORMATION
ON
STRAY
CURRENT
CORROSION
.
653
12.5.3.2
EFFECT
OF
THE
POLARITY
.
656
12.5.3.3
PROTECTIVE
MEASURES
AGAINST
STRAY
CURRENT
CORROSION
.
657
12.5.4
STRAY
CURRENT
COLLECTING
NETS
.
659
12.5.5
DESIGN
OF
DC
INSTALLATIONS
WITH
RESPECT
TO
RETURN
CIRCUIT
AND
EARTHING
.
660
12.5.5.1
BASIC
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
660
12.5.5.2
RAILWAY-OWNED
EARTHING
SYSTEMS
.
661
12.5.5.3
EARTHING
MEASURES
FOR
THE
THREE-PHASE
POWER
SUPPLY
.
662
12.5.5.4
TRACTION
SUBSTATIONS
.
662
12.5.5.5
LINE
SECTIONS
IN
THE
OPEN
.
663
12.5.5.6
PASSENGER
STATIONS
.
664
12.5.5.7
SIGNALLING
AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INSTALLATIONS
.
664
12.5.5.8
DEPOT
AND
WORKSHOP
AREA
.
664
12.5.5.9
TUNNELS
.
666
12.5.5.10
LIGHTNING
PROTECTION
.
668
12.5.5.11
THIRD
PARTY
EARTHING
INSTALLATIONS
.
668
12.5.5.12
CONSTRUCTION
OF
DC
EARTHING
INSTALLATIONS
AND
PROVISIONS
.
669
12.5.5.13
VERIFICATION
MEASUREMENTS
.
669
12.5.6
PRACTICAL
EXPERIENCE
WITH
THE
ANKARAY
LRT
SYSTEM
.
669
12.5.6.1
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
PROJECT
.
669
12.5.6.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
THE
RESISTANCE
TO
EARTH
.
670
12.5.6.3
MEASUREMENT
OF
RAIL
POTENTIALS
.
670
12.5.6.4
TEST
OF
RAIL
INSULATION
.
670
12.5.6.5
MEASUREMENT
OF
THE
POTENTIAL
BETWEEN
STRUCTURE
EARTH
AND
EARTH
.
670
CONTENTS
27
12.5.6.6
CURRENT
THROUGH
SHORT-CIRCUITING
DEVICES
IN
THE
STATIONS
.
671
12.5.7
MAINTENANCE
.
671
12.5.8
CONCLUDING
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
672
12.6
ALTERNATING
CURRENT
TRACTION
SYSTEMS
.
672
12.6.1
DESIGN
OF
THE
RETURN
CIRCUIT
AND
EARTHING
INSTALLATIONS
.
672
12.6.1.1
GENERAL
.
672
12.6.1.2
CURRENT
RETURN
THROUGH
RAILS
AND
EARTH
BURIED
RETURN
CONDUCTORS
.
673
12.6.1.3
PARALLEL
RETURN
CONDUCTORS
.
674
12.6.1.4
AUTO-TRANSFORMERS
.
676
12.6.1.5
BOOSTER
TRANSFORMERS
.
677
12.6.2
REQUIREMENTS
OF
RETURN
CIRCUIT
AND
EARTHING
INSTALLATIONS
.
677
12.6.2.1
PERSONAL
SAFETY
.
677
12.6.2.2
INTERFERENCE
.
680
12.6.3
DESIGN
OF
INSTALLATIONS
.
680
12.6.3.1
RETURN
CIRCUIT
.
680
12.6.3.2
SUBSTATIONS
AND
STATIONS
.
682
12.6.3.3
AT-GRADE
SECTIONS
.
683
12.6.3.4
TUNNEL
SECTIONS
.
683
12.6.3.5
VIADUCTS
.
685
12.6.3.6
DEPOT
AND
WORKSHOP
AREA
.
685
12.6.3.7
SIGNALLING
AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS
.
686
12.6.3.8
THIRD-PARTY
INSTALLATIONS
.
686
12.6.3.9
LIGHTNING
PROTECTION
.
687
12.6.3.10
IMPLEMENTATION
.
688
12.6.3.11
VERIFICATION
MEASUREMENTS
.
688
12.6.4
RETURN
CURRENT
CONDUCTORS
AND
EARTHING
SYSTEMS
USED
BY
THE
DB
.
.
.
689
12.6.4.1
TRACK
AND
RAIL
BONDS
.
689
12.6.4.2
TRACK
RELEASE
CIRCUITS,
TRACTION
RETURN
CURRENT
PATH
AND
TRACTION
EARTH691
12.6.4.3
TRACTION
SYSTEM
EARTH
CONNECTIONS
OF
CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
.
693
12.6.5
CURRENT
RETURN
AND
EARTHING
FOR
THE
MADRID-SEVILLE
AC
25
KV
HIGH
SPEED
LINE
.
694
12.6.6
CONCLUDING
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
697
12.7
REFERENCES
.
698
13
ELECTRIC
TRACTION
CONTACT
LINES
AS
EMITTERS
OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
DISTUR
BANCE
703
13.1
INTRODUCTION
.
703
13.2
COUPLING
MECHANISMS
.
704
13.3
INTERFERENCE
PARAMETERS
.
704
13.3.1
OVERVIEW
.
704
13.3.2
OPERATING
CURRENTS
AND
SHORT-CIRCUIT
CURRENTS
.
705
13.3.3
HIGHER
HARMONICS
.
706
13.3.3.1
GENERAL
.
706
13.3.3.2
SINGLE-PHASE
AC
RAILWAYS
.
706
28
CONTENTS
13.3.3.3
DIRECT-CURRENT
RAILWAYS
.
710
13.4
INTERFERENCE
DUE
TO
SINGLE-PHASE
AC
RAILWAYS
.
711
13.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
711
13.4.2
GALVANIC
INTERFERENCE
.
711
13.4.3
INDUCTIVE
INTERFERENCE
.
712
13.4.4
CAPACITIVE
INTERFERENCE
.
717
13.5
ELECTRIC
AND
MAGNETIC
FIELDS
IN
THE
VICINITY
OF
TRACTION
CONTACT
LINES
.
718
13.5.1
BASICS
.
718
13.5.2
EFFECTS
OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELDS
ON
HUMAN
BEINGS
.
718
13.5.3
EFFECT
OF
FIELDS
ON
EQUIPMENT
.
719
13.5.3.1
EFFECTS
IN
GENERAL
.
719
13.5.3.2
PERSONS
WITH
IMPLANTED
CARDIAC
PACEMAKERS
.
722
13.5.3.3
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
AND
ELECTRONIC
DATA
PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT
.
722
13.5.3.4
ELECTRIC
RAILWAYS
AS
SOURCES
OF
RADIO-FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE
.
722
13.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
724
13.7
REFERENCES
.
725
14
ERECTION
AND
OPERATION
729
14.1
BASIC
DEFINITIONS
.
729
14.2
ERECTION
.
729
14.2.1
PRINCIPLES
.
729
14.2.2
PRODUCTION
AND
TESTING
STANDARDS
FOR
COMPONENTS
.
729
14.2.3
CONSTRUCTION
AND
ASSEMBLY
WORK
.
731
14.2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
731
14.2.3.2
FOUNDATION
AND
POLE
SETTING
WORK
.
732
14.2.3.3
ERECTION
AND
ADJUSTMENT
OF
THE
OVERHEAD
LINE
SUPPORTS
AND
CONTACT
LINES
.
733
14.2.3.4
INSTALLATION
OF
SECTION
INSULATORS,
CROSS-OVER
CONTACT
LINES,
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
LINES
AND
RAILWAY
EARTHINGS
.
736
14.2.4
ACCEPTANCE
AND
COMMISSIONING
.
737
14.3
OPERATE
.
737
14.3.1
TRAINING
AND
INSTRUCTION
OF
STAFF
.
737
14.3.2
ELECTROTECHNICAL
CONDUCT
STANDARDS
AND
SERVICE
GUIDELINES
.
738
14.3.3
SWITCHING
.
739
14.3.4
IRREGULARITIES
AND
THEIR
RECOGNITION
.
741
14.4
WEAR
AND
AGEING
.
741
14.4.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
COMPONENTS
.
741
14.4.2
CONCRETE
POLES
AND
FOUNDATIONS
.
742
14.4.3
STEEL
POLES,
CANTILEVERS
AND
OTHER
SUPPORT
STRUCTURES
.
743
14.4.4
TRACTION
POWER
SUPPLY
LINES,
MESSENGER
WIRES,
DROPPERS
AND
CONNECTORS
744
14.4.5
CONTACT
WIRES
.
745
14.4.6
INSULATORS
.
747
14.4.7
DISCONNECTORS
AND
SECTION
INSULATORS
.
749
14.5
MAINTENANCE
.
750
CONTENTS
29
14.5.1
SCOPE
OF
MAINTANCE
.
750
14.5.2
RELIABILITY
.
750
14.5.3
DIAGNOSTICS
.
755
14.5.4
STATISTICAL
RECORDING
AND
ANALYSIS
OF
FAULTS
.
759
14.5.5
CORRECTIVE
MAINTENANCE
.
761
14.6
RECYCLING
AND
DISPOSAL
.
762
14.6.1
DISMANTLING
.
762
14.6.2
SUITABLE
PREPARATION
AND
DISPOSAL
OF
MATERIALS
FOR
RECYCLING
.
763
14.7
EQUIPMENT
FOR
INSTALLATION
AND
MAINTENANCE
.
763
14.7.1
TOOLS
AND
EQUIPMENT
.
763
14.7.2
SPECIAL
VEHICLES
.
766
14.7.3
MEASURING
AND
DIAGNOSTIC
EQUIPMENT
.
774
14.8
LIFE
CYCLE
CONSIDERATION
.
774
14.9
REFERENCES
.
777
APPENDIX
1:
STANDARDS
AND
REGULATIONS
781
APPENDIX
2:
FREQUENTLY
USED
ABBREVIATIONS
791
INDEX
795 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kießling, Friedrich 1935-2019 Puschmann, Rainer Schmieder, Axel 1957- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)124476538 (DE-588)1345285655 (DE-588)1150188618 |
| author_facet | Kießling, Friedrich 1935-2019 Puschmann, Rainer Schmieder, Axel 1957- |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Kießling, Friedrich 1935-2019 |
| author_variant | f k fk r p rp a s as |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV014014162 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TF857 |
| callnumber-raw | TF857 |
| callnumber-search | TF857 |
| callnumber-sort | TF 3857 |
| callnumber-subject | TF - Railroad Engineering and Operation |
| classification_rvk | ZO 5200 ZO 5420 |
| classification_tum | BAU 780f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)46651987 (DE-599)BVBBV014014162 |
| dewey-full | 621.33 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.33 |
| dewey-search | 621.33 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.33 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Bauingenieurwesen Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik Verkehrstechnik Verkehr / Transport |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV014014162 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-09T13:01:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3895781525 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009595583 |
| oclc_num | 46651987 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-29T |
| owner_facet | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-29T |
| physical | 822 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | Publicis Corporate Publ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kießling, Friedrich 1935-2019 Verfasser (DE-588)124476538 aut Fahrleitungen elektrischer Bahnen Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation Friedrich Kießling ; Rainer Puschmann; Axel Schmieder Munich ; Erlangen Publicis Corporate Publ. 2001 822 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Electric railroads Design and construction Electric railroads Electronic equipment Fahrleitung (DE-588)4136423-5 gnd rswk-swf Fahrleitung (DE-588)4136423-5 s DE-604 Puschmann, Rainer Verfasser (DE-588)1345285655 aut Schmieder, Axel 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)1150188618 aut DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009595583&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kießling, Friedrich 1935-2019 Puschmann, Rainer Schmieder, Axel 1957- Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation Electric railroads Design and construction Electric railroads Electronic equipment Fahrleitung (DE-588)4136423-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4136423-5 |
| title | Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation |
| title_alt | Fahrleitungen elektrischer Bahnen |
| title_auth | Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation |
| title_exact_search | Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation |
| title_full | Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation Friedrich Kießling ; Rainer Puschmann; Axel Schmieder |
| title_fullStr | Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation Friedrich Kießling ; Rainer Puschmann; Axel Schmieder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contact lines for electric railways planning, design, implementation Friedrich Kießling ; Rainer Puschmann; Axel Schmieder |
| title_short | Contact lines for electric railways |
| title_sort | contact lines for electric railways planning design implementation |
| title_sub | planning, design, implementation |
| topic | Electric railroads Design and construction Electric railroads Electronic equipment Fahrleitung (DE-588)4136423-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Electric railroads Design and construction Electric railroads Electronic equipment Fahrleitung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009595583&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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