Gender division of labour in unified Germany: WORC report 01.04.07
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tilburg
WORC
2001
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Social and behavioral sciences report
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in dt. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 153 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9075001401 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128856345411584 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
PREFACE Ill
CONTENTS VII
LIST OF TABLES X
LIST OF FIGURES XII
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 1
ABSTRACT 4
CHAPTER 1 7
GERMANY S POSITION IN THE MODERNIZATION OF
GENDER RELATIONS 7
1.1 Introduction ...7
1.2 The two German states and gender relations 9
1.3 Comparative frameworks for the modernization of gender
relations 11
CHAPTER 2 15
POLICIES AFFECTING THE GENDER DIVISION OF
LABOUR 15
2.1 Paternalist policies 17
2.1.1 Marriage benefits 17
2.1.2 Family benefits 21
2.1.3 Lone mothers benefits 23
2.1.4 Conclusions 25
vii
2.2 Maternalist policies 25
2.2.1 Maternity protection 26
2.2.2 Parental leave 26
2.2.3 Child day care 28
2.2.4 Elderly care 34
2.2.5 Work schedule policies 35
2.2.6 Conclusions 36
2.3. East West differences and German unification 37
2.3.1 GDR family policy 37
2.3.2 Unification and gender relations — what is the outcome? 38
CHAPTER 3 41
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER
INEQUALITY 41
3.1 Gender ideology 41
3.2 Gender differences in education 43
3.3 Gender differences in the labour market 49
3.3.1 Overall participation 50
3.3.2 Unemployment 51
3.3.3 Overall participation by mothers 53
3.3.4 Part time employment 54
3.3.5 Employment without social protection 56
3.3.6 Income 57
3.4 Division of unpaid work 59
CHAPTER 4 65
EXPLAINING THE DIVISION OF UNPAID LABOUR:
THEORETICAL APPROACHES 65
4.1 New home economics 65
4.2 Time availability approach 66
4.3 Resource theory 66
4.4 Role theory 67
4.5 Doing gender approach 68
4.6 Integrating findings 69
4.7 Regulation approach 70
CHAPTERS 73
GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR IN GERMANY:
THE STUDY 73
5.1 Sample 73
5.2 Dependent variables 77
5.3 Independent variables 78
CHAPTER 6 81
STALLED MODERNIZATION IN THE WEST — BACK TO
TRADITION IN THE EAST? 81
6.1 Univariate findings 81
6.2 Multivariate findings 91
6.3 Discussion 100
REFERENCES 103
APPENDIX 111
NOTES 149
List of Tables
Table 1: Policies affecting the gender division of labour in the FRG 16
Table 2: Effects of tax splitting for spouses and child tax credit 19
Table 3: Employment of mothers 1972, 1991, and 1996 by age of
youngest child in Germany 53
Table 4: Time use studies in Germany:
Weekly time in housework, 1965 1995 62
Table 5: Design and procedure of the survey 73
Table 6: Number and average age of respondents 74
Table 7: Household types of respondents 75
Table 8: Number of children living in respondents households 76
Table 9: Marital status of respondents 77
Table 10: Theories, variables and operationalization 79
Table 11: Housework and the extent of spouse s employment
in Germany, 1995 2000 85
Table 12: OLS regression models predicting time spent on housework for
all respondents and couples 93
Table 13: OLS regression models predicting time spent on housework and
child care for couples with children 99
Appendix Table Al: Germany in the modernization of gender relations,
1980s 1990s 113
Appendix Table A2: Development of child benefit/tax credit in the FRG,
1946 2000 116
Appendix Table A3: Comparative advantages of child benefit/tax credit
in the FRG, 1996 2000 117
Appendix Table A4: Incidence and duration of social assistance in
Germany, 1995 118
Appendix Table A5: Family policy measures in the GDR 119
Appendix Table A6: Development of birth subsidy in the GDR,
1950 1990 122
Appendix Table A7: Development of child benefit in the GDR,
1950 1990 122
Appendix Table A8: Development of the use of day care in Germany,
1990 1999 123
Appendix Table A9: Development of day care facilities for infants under
three (Krippen) in Germany, 1950 1998 124
Appendix Table A10: Coverage level of day care facilities for infants
under three (Krippen) in the federal states of
Germany, 1990 1998 125
x
Appendix Table All: Day care facilities for infants under three (Krippcn)
in Germany 126
Appendix Table A12: Development of day care coverage for pre school
children between three and six {Kindergarten) in
Germany. 1950 1998 128
Appendix Table A13: Coverage level of day care facilities for pre school
children between three and six (Kindergarten) in the
federal states of Germany, 1990 1998 129
Appendix Table A14: Opening hours of day care facilities for pre school
children between three and six (Kindergarten) in
Germany, 1994 130
Appendix Table A15: Day care facilities for pre school children between
three and six (Kindergarten) in Germany 131
Appendix Table A16: Coverage level of day care facilities for school
children (Horte), in the federal states of Germany,
1990 1998 133
Appendix Table A17: Indicators of fertility in Germany, 1950 1998 134
Appendix Table A18: Long term care in Germany, 1984 1998 135
Appendix Table A19: Gender role orientations in Germany, 1982 1996:
conservative answers (percentages of respective
group) and overall scale scores (mean and standard
deviation) 136
Appendix Table A20: CASMIN categories and corresponding educational
levels in the FRG and the GDR 137
Appendix Table A21: Level of general education by birth cohort in West
Germany 138
Appendix Table A22: Level of general education by birth cohort in East
Germany 139
Appendix Table A23: Level of vocational education by birth cohort in
West Germany 139
Appendix Table A24: Level of vocational education by birth cohort in East
Germany 139
Appendix Table A25: Time use in West Germany (hours/week) 140
Appendix Table A26: Time use in East Germany (hours/week) 141
Appendix Table A27: Time use in West Germany (hours/week) 142
Appendix Table A28: Time use in East Germany (hours/week) 143
Appendix Table A29: Independent variables — descriptives 144
Appendix Table A30: Housework — zero order correlations 146
Appendix Table A31: Child care — zero order correlations 147
List of Figures
Figure 1: Gender ideology in Germany, 1982 19% 43
Figure 2: Female male ratio (In) of persons in Germany with no degree or
general elementary education by birth cohort 44
Figure 3: Female male ratio (In) of persons in Germany with intermediate
degree by birth cohort 45
Figure 4: Female male ratio (In) of persons in Germany with maturity
degree by birth cohort 46
Figure 5: Female male ratio (In) of persons in Germany with completed
vocational training by birth cohort 47
Figure 6: Female male ratio (In) of persons in Germany with university
degree by birth cohort 48
Figure 7: Labour force participation in Germany, 1965 1999 50
Figure 8: Unemployment rates in Germany, 1976 1999 52
Figure 9: Part time employment in Germany, 1980 1998 55
Figure 10: Income of full time employees in Germany, 1983 1996 57
Figure 11: Participation in housework in international comparison, 1965 60
Figure 12: Housework time in international comparison, 1965 60
Figure 13: Ratios of women s/men s time in housework
in Germany, 1965 1995 61
Figure 14: Housework time in Germany, 1965 2000 82
Figure 15: Housework ratios in Germany, 1965 2000 82
Figure 16: Housework ratios by earner type in West Germany, 1995 2000 84
Figure 17: Housework ratios by earner type in East Germany, 1995 2000 84
Figure 1 8: Men s time use in West Germany, 2000 87
Figure 19: Men s time use in East Germany, 2000 87
Figure 20: Women s time use in West Germany, 2000 89
Figure 21: Women s time use in East Germany, 2000 89
Figure 22: Dependence in couple households and husbands housework 96
Appendix figure Al: Rate of income tax in Germany, 1999 116
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:55:53Z |
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| spelling | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 Jan Künzler ... Tilburg WORC 2001 XII, 153 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Social and behavioral sciences report Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Geschichte 1990-2000 gnd rswk-swf Arbeit (DE-588)4002567-6 gnd rswk-swf Geschlechterrolle (DE-588)4071776-8 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Arbeit (DE-588)4002567-6 s Geschlechterrolle (DE-588)4071776-8 s Geschichte 1990-2000 z DE-604 Künzler, Jan Sonstige oth Work and Organization Research Centre (Tilburg) Sonstige (DE-588)5244436-3 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009585108&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 Arbeit (DE-588)4002567-6 gnd Geschlechterrolle (DE-588)4071776-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002567-6 (DE-588)4071776-8 (DE-588)4011882-4 |
| title | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 |
| title_auth | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 |
| title_exact_search | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 |
| title_full | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 Jan Künzler ... |
| title_fullStr | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 Jan Künzler ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender division of labour in unified Germany WORC report 01.04.07 Jan Künzler ... |
| title_short | Gender division of labour in unified Germany |
| title_sort | gender division of labour in unified germany worc report 01 04 07 |
| title_sub | WORC report 01.04.07 |
| topic | Arbeit (DE-588)4002567-6 gnd Geschlechterrolle (DE-588)4071776-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeit Geschlechterrolle Deutschland |
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