Nonproliferation sanctions:
The danger of proliferation--of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons and missiles for their delivery--is appreciated by almost everyone. Since the 1970s, some of the most important instruments for combating this danger have been U.S. sanctions laws requiring penalties for acts contributin...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Santa Monica, CA [u.a.]
Rand
2001
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | The danger of proliferation--of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons and missiles for their delivery--is appreciated by almost everyone. Since the 1970s, some of the most important instruments for combating this danger have been U.S. sanctions laws requiring penalties for acts contributing to proliferation. However, by the mid-1990s, a backlash had developed against a broad range of unilateral U.S. economic sanctions--a backlash that, appropriately or not, may affect nonproliferation sanctions. This study examines the United States' use of sanctions against foreign entities to prevent NBC and missile proliferation. It begins with a review of the objectives and provisions of the various U.S. nonproliferation sanctions laws, and compares the legal provisions at each step of the sanctions process. It then reviews the history of the applications of sanctions against proliferation and the problems revealed by the experience and explores alternatives for dealing with these problems--including possible actions by both Congress and the Executive Branch. The study concludes by recommending a set of three new principles for sanctions: (1) A "worse-off" criterion for the design of sanctions, which entails finite economic or security-related penalties on the target entity so that the costs imposed by the sanctions exceed the benefits of the sanctionable activity; (2) automaticity in the imposition of sanctions, for tightening up the determination process, eliminating waivers altogether, and requiring presidential certifications of improved behavior before lifting continuing sanctions prescribed by Congress; and (3) specialized staff to design and oversee the implementation of sanctions. |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 279 S. |
| ISBN: | 0833029401 |
Internformat
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| 520 | 3 | |a The danger of proliferation--of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons and missiles for their delivery--is appreciated by almost everyone. Since the 1970s, some of the most important instruments for combating this danger have been U.S. sanctions laws requiring penalties for acts contributing to proliferation. However, by the mid-1990s, a backlash had developed against a broad range of unilateral U.S. economic sanctions--a backlash that, appropriately or not, may affect nonproliferation sanctions. This study examines the United States' use of sanctions against foreign entities to prevent NBC and missile proliferation. It begins with a review of the objectives and provisions of the various U.S. nonproliferation sanctions laws, and compares the legal provisions at each step of the sanctions process. It then reviews the history of the applications of sanctions against proliferation and the problems revealed by the experience and explores alternatives for dealing with these problems--including possible actions by both Congress and the Executive Branch. The study concludes by recommending a set of three new principles for sanctions: (1) A "worse-off" criterion for the design of sanctions, which entails finite economic or security-related penalties on the target entity so that the costs imposed by the sanctions exceed the benefits of the sanctionable activity; (2) automaticity in the imposition of sanctions, for tightening up the determination process, eliminating waivers altogether, and requiring presidential certifications of improved behavior before lifting continuing sanctions prescribed by Congress; and (3) specialized staff to design and oversee the implementation of sanctions. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | A 387554 NONPROLIFERATION SANCTIONS RICHARD H. SPEIER BRIAN G. CHOW S.
RAE STARR PREPARED FOR THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE RAND
NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;
DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED CONTENTS PREFACE III SUMMARY VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XV ACRONYMS XVII CHAPTER ONE SOMEWHERE BETWEEN DIPLOMACY AND WAR 1 WHAT
ARE SANCTIONS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES? 2 THE FOCUS OF THIS STUDY 5
OBJECTIVE AND ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT 7 CHAPTER TWO THE SANCTIONS
PROCESS 9 A CAUTION: THE LAW 10 TRIGGERING EVENTS 12 TARGETED ENTITIES
16 DETERMINATION OF SANCTIONABILITY 18 CERTIFICATION OF
NONSANCTIONABILITY 20 WAIVERS 23 DESIGN OF A SPECIFIC SANCTION 26
IMPLEMENTATION 30 MULTILATERAL SUPPORT 31 INCENTIVES 32 SANCTIONEE
RESPONSE 32 CHAPTER THREE HISTORY AND LESSONS LEARNED 35 IMPOSITION OF
SANCTIONS 35 VI NONPROLIFERATION SANCTIONS NON-IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS
45 TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS 51 CHAPTER FOUR PROBLEMS WITH SANCTIONS 53
ACTION 53 DETERRENCE 55 CONSTRAINT 55 COERCION 56 CHAPTER FIVE
ALTERNATIVES 59 ALTERNATIVE 1: REDUCING RELIANCE ON UNILATERAL SANCTIONS
59 ALTERNATIVE 2: IMPROVING THE EXISTING SANCTIONS PROCESS 61
ALTERNATIVE 3: TARGETING AND CALIBRATING SANCTIONS MORE PRECISELY 63
ALTERNATIVE 4: FASHIONING MORE-POWERFUL SANCTIONS .... 66 CHAPTER SIX
RECOMMENDATIONS 69 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVES 69 THREE PRINCIPLES GUIDING AN
IMPROVED SANCTIONS PROCESS 70 (1) A WORSE-OFF CRITERION 70 (2)
AUTOMATICITY 71 (3) SPECIALIZED STAFF 73 ALASTWORD 74 APPENDIX RELEVANT
TEXTS OF U.S. NONPROLIFERATION SANCTIONS LAWS AND RELATED DOCUMENTS 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY 275
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Speier, Richard H. Chow, Brian G. Starr, S. Rae |
| author_facet | Speier, Richard H. Chow, Brian G. Starr, S. Rae |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Speier, Richard H. |
| author_variant | r h s rh rhs b g c bg bgc s r s sr srs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013995846 |
| callnumber-first | J - Political Science |
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| dewey-full | 327.1/17 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 327 - International relations |
| dewey-raw | 327.1/17 |
| dewey-search | 327.1/17 |
| dewey-sort | 3327.1 217 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV013995846 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:55:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0833029401 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009580129 |
| oclc_num | 45276818 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 |
| physical | XVIII, 279 S. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
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| publisher | Rand |
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| spelling | Speier, Richard H. Verfasser aut Nonproliferation sanctions Richard H. Speier ; Brian G. Chow ; S. Rae Starr Santa Monica, CA [u.a.] Rand 2001 XVIII, 279 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The danger of proliferation--of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons and missiles for their delivery--is appreciated by almost everyone. Since the 1970s, some of the most important instruments for combating this danger have been U.S. sanctions laws requiring penalties for acts contributing to proliferation. However, by the mid-1990s, a backlash had developed against a broad range of unilateral U.S. economic sanctions--a backlash that, appropriately or not, may affect nonproliferation sanctions. This study examines the United States' use of sanctions against foreign entities to prevent NBC and missile proliferation. It begins with a review of the objectives and provisions of the various U.S. nonproliferation sanctions laws, and compares the legal provisions at each step of the sanctions process. It then reviews the history of the applications of sanctions against proliferation and the problems revealed by the experience and explores alternatives for dealing with these problems--including possible actions by both Congress and the Executive Branch. The study concludes by recommending a set of three new principles for sanctions: (1) A "worse-off" criterion for the design of sanctions, which entails finite economic or security-related penalties on the target entity so that the costs imposed by the sanctions exceed the benefits of the sanctionable activity; (2) automaticity in the imposition of sanctions, for tightening up the determination process, eliminating waivers altogether, and requiring presidential certifications of improved behavior before lifting continuing sanctions prescribed by Congress; and (3) specialized staff to design and oversee the implementation of sanctions. Economic sanctions, American Nuclear nonproliferation Sanctions (International law) Weapons of mass destruction Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 gnd rswk-swf Sanktion (DE-588)4137830-1 gnd rswk-swf Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 s Sanktion (DE-588)4137830-1 s DE-604 Chow, Brian G. Verfasser aut Starr, S. Rae Verfasser aut GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009580129&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Speier, Richard H. Chow, Brian G. Starr, S. Rae Nonproliferation sanctions Economic sanctions, American Nuclear nonproliferation Sanctions (International law) Weapons of mass destruction Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 gnd Sanktion (DE-588)4137830-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4331181-7 (DE-588)4137830-1 |
| title | Nonproliferation sanctions |
| title_auth | Nonproliferation sanctions |
| title_exact_search | Nonproliferation sanctions |
| title_full | Nonproliferation sanctions Richard H. Speier ; Brian G. Chow ; S. Rae Starr |
| title_fullStr | Nonproliferation sanctions Richard H. Speier ; Brian G. Chow ; S. Rae Starr |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nonproliferation sanctions Richard H. Speier ; Brian G. Chow ; S. Rae Starr |
| title_short | Nonproliferation sanctions |
| title_sort | nonproliferation sanctions |
| topic | Economic sanctions, American Nuclear nonproliferation Sanctions (International law) Weapons of mass destruction Nonproliferation (DE-588)4331181-7 gnd Sanktion (DE-588)4137830-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Economic sanctions, American Nuclear nonproliferation Sanctions (International law) Weapons of mass destruction Nonproliferation Sanktion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009580129&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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