Qualitative methods in social research:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
2002
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 256 S. |
| ISBN: | 0071131299 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128820779810816 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xiii
CHAPTER 1 What Is Social Research?
Some Practical and Theoretical Concerns 1
What Is Social Research? 1
Why Do Research? 3
Developing a Sociological Imagination 4
The Research Process: Moving Between Theory and Data 5
Positivism: Traditional Approaches to Social Research 10
Challenges to Traditional Ways of Doing Social Science 11
You Are Here : Locating the Self in Social Research 12
Naturalism 13
Social Constructionist and Interpretive Approaches 15
Feminist and Other Critical Approaches 17
Critical Social Research 17
Feminist Research 18
Postmodernism 20
Making Claims About Paradigms 22
Questions for Thought 22
Exercises 22
Suggestions for Further Reading 23
CHAPTER 2 Strategies for Beginning Research 25
Getting Started: Where to Begin? 25
Generating Ideas 26
V
vi Contents
Deciding What to Research 28
How Do You Turn a Topic into a Question? 29
Is the Topic Interesting? 30
Whose Perspective Should You Take? 30
Is the Research Feasible? 31
Is the Research Worth Doing? 32
Developing a Research Strategy 33
Different Traditions, Different Starting Points 33
Types of Research Strategies 35
Reading the Literature 37
Evaluating Web Sites 38
The Research Process in Review 39
Question for Thought 40
Exercises 41
Suggestions for Further Reading 41
CHAPTER 3 Ethical Issues 43
Sleeping Well at Night: A Practical Ethics 44
Ethical Codes 44
Confidentiality and Informed Consent 45
Controversies in Social Research 46
Milgram s Obedience Study 46
Humphreys Tearoom Study 47
Feminist Approaches to Research Ethics 48
Institutional Review Boards 49
Ethical Concerns in Qualitative Research 50
Some Problems of Confidentiality and Intimacy 50
Some Problems of Informed Consent 51
Overt Versus Covert Observation 52
Practical Concerns in Protecting Privacy 53
Talking About Ethical Issues 55
Questions for Thought 5 5
Exercises 56
Suggestions for Further Reading 56
CHAPTER 4 Observation: Participant and Otherwise 57
Ethnography 58
Participating and Observing 60
The Self as Instrument 61
Contents vii
Thinking About Settings and Selecting a Site 62
Is This an Appropriate Place to Study
What You Want to Study? 63
What Are the Boundaries of This Site? 63
Who Are You in Relation to This Site? 64
How Can You Gain Access to This Site? 65
What Kinds of Ethical Dilemmas Might Arise in This Site? 67
What Kinds of Risks Are Inherent in This Setting? 68
Getting In and Gaining Access 68
Developing Relationships 69
Cultivating Informants 70
Developing a Cover Story 70
Becoming Invisible 71
Dealing with Emotions 72
Writing Field Notes 72
Developing Observational Skills 72
When to Write? 73
What to Write? 74
How to Write? 77
Leaving the Field 78
Focusing Your Observations 79
Making Meaning 79
Coming to See Multiple Realities 80
Questions for Thought 80
Exercises 81
Suggestions for Further Reading 82
CHAPTER 5 Interviews 83
Interviewing as a Relationship 84
Types of Interviews 85
Structured Interviews 85
Semistructured Interviews 87
Unstructured Interviews 89
Closeness and Distance in Interview Situations 90
Preparing for the Interview 92
Deciding Whom to Interview 93
Preparing an Interview Guide 94
Deciding What Kinds of Questions to Ask 95
Structuring and Ordering Questions 96
Making Questions Open Ended 98
Pretesting Your Interview Guide 100
viii Contents
Before the Interview 100
Establishing a Location 101
Constructing a Face Sheet 101
Deciding What to Bring 101
Dressing Appropriately 102
During the Interview 102
Warming Up 103
Keeping the Conversation Rolling 103
Thinking on Your Feet: Follow Ups and Probes 104
Speaking and Keeping Quiet 104
Communicating Nonverbally 105
Keeping on Track 105
Taping and Taking Notes 106
After the Interview 107
Writing Field Notes 107
Transcribing and Making Sense 107
Group Interviews 108
The Role of the Focus Group 108
The Role of Moderator 110
Ethical Issues in Conducting Focus Groups 111
Recording the Focus Group 111
Making Meaning 112
Questions for Though t 112
Exercises 112
Suggestions for Further Reading 113
CHAPTER 6 Unobtrusive Measures:
Analyzing Texts and Material Artifacts 115
Physical Traces 116
Material Artifacts 117
Documents and Records 121
Public Records 121
Documents and Private Papers 122
Primary and Secondary Sources 123
Media Accounts 124
Electronic Texts 125
Historical Research 128
Doing Historical Comparative Research 129
Gaining Access to Historical Materials 13 0
Contents ix
Evaluating Sources 131
Creating Meaning 132
Question for Thought 133
Exercises 133
Suggestions for Further Reading 134
CHAPTER 7 Action Research 135
The Purpose of Action Research 135
Varieties of Action Research 137
Participatory Action Research (PAR) 13 7
Feminist Action Research 139
Evaluation Research 140
Research for Whom? 140
Empowerment 141
The Process of Action Research: Look, Think, Act 142
Look: Identifying Stakeholders and Formulating
a Collective Problem 142
Think: Exploring the Problem 145
Act: Defining an Agenda for Action 14 5
Sharing the Results 146
Some Problems and Opportunities in Action Research 146
Sharing Power 147
Leading Groups 148
Acting Ethically 14 8
Questions for Thought 149
Exercises 149
Suggestions for Further Reading 149
CHAPTER 8 Making Sense of Data 151
Making Meaning Out of Qualitative Data 152
Managing Data 153
Separating Different Types of Data 153
Keeping Data in Chronological Order 154
Organizing by Topic or Document Type 154
Making a List or Logbook 155
Choosing Between Computer and Hard Copy 156
Keeping Multiple Copies 156
Getting Intimate with Your Data 157
x Contents
Coding 157
Open Coding 158
Development of Themes 159
Focused Coding 161
Maps and Diagrams 162
Memos 164
Procedural Memos 165
Analytic Memos 165
Asking Questions 166
Developing an Analysis 168
Looking for Patterns 168
Comparing Cases 168
Building Typologies 169
Getting Stuck and Unstuck 170
Content Analysis 171
Semiotic Analysis 172
Grounding the Analysis 173
Shortcomings in the Research 174
Negative Cases 174
The Null Hypothesis Trick 175
Triangulation 176
Computer Assisted Data Analysis 176
Question for Thought 179
Exercises 179
Suggestions for Further Reading 180
CHAPTER 9 Narrative Analysis 181
What Is a Narrative? 182
The Structure of Stories 183
Other Structures of Stories 185
Structure, Story, and Social Context 187
A Focus on Structure 188
The Social Contexts of Stories 188
The Story Itself 190
Telling the Story in Other Ways 192
Some Practical Advice 192
Evaluating Narratives 195
Questions for Thought 196
Exercises 196
Suggestions for Further Reading 197
Contents xi
CHAPTER 10 Writing About Research 199
Writing as a Process 200
Sitting Down to Write: Just Dolt 201
Beginning Writing 202
Jotting Notes 202
Finding Direction: Making a Writing Plan 203
Writing a First Draft 203
Revising and Editing 203
Proofreading 204
Audiences and Venues 205
Useful Ways to Structure Qualitative Research 207
Title and Abstract 207
Introduction 208
Literature Review 210
Sources of Data and Methodology 211
The Main Body: Findings 213
Summary and Conclusion 214
List of References and Appendixes 214
Making Writing Vivid 215
Other Genres of Qualitative Research 216
Questions for Thought 217
Exercises 217
Suggestions for Further Reading 218
Appendix A: American Sociological Association Code of Ethics 221
Appendix B: Sample Informed Consent Form 235
References 237
Index 251
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Esterberg, Kristin Verfasser aut Qualitative methods in social research Kristin Esterberg Boston [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 2002 XV, 256 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Sozialwissenschaften Qualitative research Social sciences Research Methodology Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd rswk-swf Qualitative Methode (DE-588)4137346-7 gnd rswk-swf Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 s Qualitative Methode (DE-588)4137346-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009561635&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Esterberg, Kristin Qualitative methods in social research Sozialwissenschaften Qualitative research Social sciences Research Methodology Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd Qualitative Methode (DE-588)4137346-7 gnd |
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| title | Qualitative methods in social research |
| title_auth | Qualitative methods in social research |
| title_exact_search | Qualitative methods in social research |
| title_full | Qualitative methods in social research Kristin Esterberg |
| title_fullStr | Qualitative methods in social research Kristin Esterberg |
| title_full_unstemmed | Qualitative methods in social research Kristin Esterberg |
| title_short | Qualitative methods in social research |
| title_sort | qualitative methods in social research |
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