Verfügbarkeit: Observation of the earth and its environment

Observation of the earth and its environment: survey of missions and sensors

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Kramer, Herbert J. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2002
Ausgabe:	4. ed.
Schriftenreihe:	Engineering online library
Schlagworte:	Remote sensing > Equipment and supplies Satellitenfernerkundung CD-ROM
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXIX, 1510 S. Ill., graph. Darst. CD-ROM (12 cm)
ISBN:	3540423885

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MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS OF THE 4TH EDITION 1 ............................ 1 EARTH OBSERVATION SHORT-HISTORY 7 ............................ 1.1 SENSOR/TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 11 ........................................ 1.1.1 CONCEPTS IN OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS 12 ................................ 1.1.2 MICROWAVE REGION, ACTIVE OBSERVATIONS (RADARS) 28 .................. 1.1.3 MICROWAVE REGION, PASSIVE OBSERVATIONS 39 .......................... 1.1.4 OPTICAL REGION, ACTIVE OBSERVATIONS (LIDARS) 42 ...................... 1.1.5 SOUNDING OF THE ATMOSPHERE 43 .................................... 1.1.6 SOUNDING OF THE IONOSPHERE 49 ..................................... 1.1.7 SOME INSTRUMENT/OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES 51 ......................... 1.1.8 COOLING TECHNIQUES AND HTS (HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY) 61 .. 1.2 FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE LIMITS IN SPACE FLIGHT AND EARTH OBSERVATION 64 ........... 1.3 SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS 67 .................................................... 1.3.1 SPACECRAFT OPERATIONS 76 .......................................... 1.3.2 SPECIAL S/C MANEUVERS AND RESCUE OPERATIONS: EXAMPLES 86 ........... 1.3.3 COOPERATIVE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, SATELLITE FORMATIONS 88 .............. 1.3.4 BISTATIC SYSTEMS IN REMOTE SENSING 92 .............................. 1.3.5 ON-ORBIT PROPULSION 95 ........................................... 1.3.6 SPACE ENVIRONMENT EXPERIMENTS 99 ................................. 1.3.7 TETHER EXPERIMENTS 105 ............................................ 1.4 ISS (INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION) BUILT-UP 106 ................................ 1.5 OVERVIEW OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL MISSIONS 108 .......................... 1.5.1 LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) SATELLITE MISSIONS 108 ......................... 1.5.2 GEO (GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT) WEATHER SATELLITES 113 ................... 1.6 SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL CONNECTION 116 ............................................ 1.6.1 EARTH RADIATION BUDGET AND SOLAR CONSTANT 117 ....................... 1.6.2 SOLAR WIND OBSERVATION 121 ........................................ 1.7 NAVIGATION 125 ........................................................... 1.7.1 TRACKING TECHNIQUES 125 ........................................... 1.7.2 GRADIOMETRY , ACCELEROMETRY AND MAGNETOMETRY 127 ................... 1.7.3 SATELLITE LASER RANGING 131 ......................................... 1.7.4 ATTITUDE AND CONTROL INSTRUMENTS 132 ................................ 1.7.5 ALTIMETRY 136 .................................................... 1.7.6 ORBITS 140 ....................................................... 1.7.7 ON-ORBIT SERVICING 143 ............................................ 1.7.8 SATELLITE RADIONAVIGATION SYSTEMS 145 ................................ 1.8 SERVICES 156 ............................................................. 1.9 START OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 160 ....................................... PART A ATMOSPHERE/RADIATION/AERONOMY MISSIONS 165 .............. A.1 ACE (ATMOSPHERE CLIMATE EXPERIMENT) 165 .................................... A.2 ACRIMSAT (ACTIVE CAVITY RADIOMETER IRRADIANCE MONITOR) 167 ................... A.3 ADM (ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS MISSION) 169 ..................................... A.4 AE (ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER) 173 ............................................... A.4.1 AE-A (AERONOMY-A, EXPLORER 17) 174 .................................. A.4.2 AE-B (AERONOMY-B, EXPLORER 32) 174 .................................. A.4.3 AE-C (ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER-C, EXPLORER 51) 176 ......................... A.4.4 AE-D (ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER-D, EXPLORER 54) 181 ........................ A.4.5 AE-E (ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER-E, EXPLORER 55) 182 ......................... A.5 AEM-2 (APPLICATIONS EXPLORER MISSION-2) 182 ................................... A.6 AURA MISSION (EOS/CHEM-1) 183 .............................................. A.7 CLOUDS (CLOUD AND RADIATION MONITORING SATELLITE) 183 ......................... A.8 CLOUDSAT 191 ............................................................... A.9 COMPASS 195 ............................................................. A.10 CORIOLIS 196 ................................................................ A.11 CRRES (COMBINED RELEASE AND RADIATION EFFECTS SATELLITE) 200 ................... A.12 DYNAMICS EXPLORERS (DE-1 AND DE-2) 202 ...................................... A.12.1 DE-1 INSTRUMENTS (HIGH ALTITUDE MISSION) 203 ........................... A.12.2 DE-2 INSTRUMENTS (LOW ALTITUDE MISSION) 204 ........................... A.13 ERBS (EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE) 205 .................................... A.14 ESSP-3 (EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE PATHFINDER-3) 207 ................................. A.15 FBM (FRENCH-BRAZILIAN MICROSATELLITE) 209 ...................................... A.16 FORTE (FAST ON-ORBIT RECORDING OF TRANSIENT EVENTS) 212 ........................ A.17 GCOM (GLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSION) 215 ............................... A.17.1 GCOM-A1 215 ...................................................... A.18 HCMM (HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION) 219 ................................... A.19 MEGHA-TROPIQUES 220 ........................................................ A.20 ODIN 223 ................................................................. A.21 ORBVIEW-1/MICROLAB-1 226 .................................................... A.22 QUIKSCAT (QUICK SCATTEROMETER MISSION) 226 .................................. A.23 REX-II (RADIATION EXPERIMENT SATELLITE II) 228 .................................. A.24 ROCSAT-3/COSMIC (CONSTELLATION OF SIX MICROSATELLITES) 229 ..................... A.25 SAN MARCO D/L 232 ...................................................... A.26 SCISAT-1/ACE (SCIENCE SATELLITE/ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT) 234 .......... A.27 SORCE (SOLAR RADIATION AND CLIMATE EXPERIMENT) 237 ........................... A.28 TIMED (THERMOSPHERE, IONOSPHERE, MESOSPHERE ENERGETICS AND DYNAMICS) 242 ..... A.29 TOMS MISSIONS 245 ......................................................... A.29.1 TOMS-EP 246 ...................................................... A.29.2 TOMS/NSCAT ON ADEOS 246 ........................................ A.29.3 QUIKTOMS (QUIK TOTAL OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER) 247 ................ A.30 TRIANA 249 ................................................................. A.31 TRMM (TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION) 254 ............................... A.32 UARS (UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE) 258 ............................... PART B COMMERCIAL IMAGING SATELLITES 263 ........................ B.1 CONDOR SERIES OF NPO MACHINOSTROYENIA 263 .................................... B.1.1 CONDOR-E (CONDOR EXPERIMENTAL) 264 .................................. B.2 DIAMANT, OHB BREMEN 266 .................................................. B.3 COSMO-SKYMED AND PLEIADES PROGRAMS 268 .................................... B.3.1 COSMO-SKYMED 270 ................................................ B.3.2 PLEIADES 274 ........................................................ B.4 EARTHWATCH (DIGITALGLOBE) IMAGING SATELLITES 275 ................................ B.4.1 EARLYBIRD 275 ....................................................... B.4.2 QUICKBIRD-1 277 ..................................................... B.4.3 QUICKBIRD-2 280 ..................................................... B.5 EROS (EARTH REMOTE OBSERVATION SYSTEM), IMAGESAT INTERNATIONAL 281 ............. B.5.1 EROS-A SPACECRAFT SERIES 282 ......................................... B.5.2 EROS-B SPACECRAFT SERIES 283 ......................................... B.6 IKONOS (SPACE IMAGING INC., THORNTON, CO) 285 ............................... B.6.1 IKONOS-1 285 ...................................................... B.6.2 IKONOS-2 286 ...................................................... B.6.3 KODAK MODEL 1000 CAMERA SYSTEM 287 ................................. B.7 INFOTERRA/TERRASAR (ASTRIUM, ESA) 289 ........................................ B.7.1 TERRASAR-X1 (X-BAND SATELLITE) 292 .................................... B.7.2 TERRASAR-L1 (L-BAND SATELLITE) 295 .................................... B.8 ORBVIEW SATELLITE SERIES OF ORBIMAGE 298 .................................... B.8.1 ORBVIEW-1 298 ...................................................... B.8.2 ORBVIEW-2 (RENAMED FROM SEASTAR IN 1997) 301 .......................... B.8.3 ORBVIEW-3 304 ...................................................... B.8.4 ORBVIEW-4 306 ...................................................... B.9 RAPIDEYE SATELLITE CONSTELLATION 307 ........................................... PART C DATA COLLECTION (MESSAGING) SYSTEMS 311 ................... C.1 ARGOS (DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM) 311 ......................................... C.2 FAISAT (FINAL ANALYSIS INC. SATELLITE) 313 ....................................... C.3 LLMS (LITTLE LEO MESSAGING SYSTEM) 314 ...................................... C.4 ORBCOMM SATELLITE SYSTEM 316 ................................................ C.5 SAFIR (SATELLITE FOR INFORMATION RELAY) 319 .................................... C.5.1 SAFIR-1 319 ........................................................ C.5.2 SAFIR-2 321 ........................................................ C.6 SCD-1 (SATELITE DE COLETA DE DADOS) 322 ....................................... C.6.1 SCD-2 324 .......................................................... C.7 TEMISAT (TELESPAZIO MICROSATELLITE) 324 ...................................... C.8 STORE-AND-FORWARD (S&F) SYSTEMS 328 ......................................... PART D EARTH OBSERVATION/MONITORING MISSIONS 329 ................ D.1 ADEOS (ADVANCED EARTH OBSERVING SATELLITE) 329 ............................... D.2 ADEOS-II (ADVANCED EARTH OBSERVING SATELLITE-II) 335 ........................... D.3 ALOS (ADVANCED LAND OBSERVING SATELLITE) 339 ................................. D.4 ALMAZ PROGRAM 343 ....................................................... D.4.1 COSMOS-1870 (ALSO KOSMOS-1870) 344 ................................. D.4.2 ALMAZ-1 344 ...................................................... D.5 BADR-B 346 ............................................................... D.6 BHASKARA 348 ............................................................... D.7 CBERS (CHINA/BRAZIL - EARTH RESOURCES SATELLITE) 349 ............................ D.7.1 CBERS-1 349 ....................................................... D.7.2 CBERS-2 353 ....................................................... D.7.3 CBERS-3 & 4 353 ................................................... D.8 CORONA 354 .............................................................. D.9 ENVISAT (ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE) 355 ........................................ D.10 EO-1 (EARTH ORBSERVING-1) 375 ................................................ D.11 EOS (EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM) 375 ............................................ D.11.1 TERRA MISSION (EOS/AM-1) 377 ........................................ D.11.2 AQUA MISSION (EOS/PM-1) 386 ........................................ D.11.3 AURA MISSION (EOS/CHEM-1) 390 ...................................... D.12 ESE (EARTH SCIENCE ENTERPRISE) 396 ............................................ D.13 ERS-1 (EUROPEAN REMOTE-SENSING SATELLITE) 399 ................................. D.14 ERS-2 406 ................................................................. D.15 HY-1 (HAIYANG-1/OCEAN-1) 409 ................................................ D.16 ICESAT (ICE, CLOUD AND LAND ELEVATION SATELLITE) 411 .............................. D.17 IRS (INDIAN REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES) 414 ..................................... D.17.1 IRS-1A 415 ......................................................... D.17.2 IRS-1B 416 ......................................................... D.17.3 IRS-1E (P1) 417 ..................................................... D.17.4 IRS-P2 417 ......................................................... D.17.5 IRS-1C/1D 418 ...................................................... D.17.6 IRS-P3 420 ......................................................... D.17.7 IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT-1) 422 ............................................. D.17.8 IRS-P5 (CARTOSAT-1) 426 .............................................. D.17.9 IRS-P6 (RESOURCESAT-1) 427 ........................................... D.18 JERS-1 (JAPAN EARTH RESOURCES SATELLITE) 427 ................................... D.19 KITSAT PROGRAM 430 ........................................................ D.19.1 KITSAT-2 (KOREA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE-2) 430 .................. D.19.2 KITSAT-3 (KOREA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE-3) 431 .................. D.19.3 K-4 (KAISTSAT-4) 434 ............................................... D.20 KOMPSAT (KOREA MULTI-PURPOSE SATELLITE) 436 ................................. D.20.1 KOMPSAT-1 436 .................................................... D.20.2 KOMPSAT-2 438 .................................................... D.21 LANDSAT 440 ............................................................. D.21.1 LANDSAT-1 TO -5 442 ................................................... D.21.2 LANDSAT-6 445 ....................................................... D.21.3 LANDSAT-7 447 ....................................................... D.22 LEWIS AND CLARK MISSIONS 451 ................................................. D.22.1 LEWIS S/C 451 ....................................................... D.22.2 CLARK S/C 455 ....................................................... D.23 MOS (MARINE OBSERVATION SATELLITE) 458 ........................................ D.24 MTI (MULTISPECTRAL THERMAL IMAGER) 460 ....................................... D.25 NEMO (NAVY EARTHMAP OBSERVER) 463 ........................................ D.26 OKEAN-O 467 ............................................................. D.26.1 EXPERIMENTAL COSMOS PROGRAM 468 ..................................... D.26.2 OKEAN-O1 OPERATIONAL SERIES 469 .................................... D.26.3 OKEAN-O SERIES 471 ................................................ D.27 ORBVIEW-2/SEASTAR 476 ...................................................... D.28 PRIRODA 476 ............................................................. D.29 RADARSAT 487 ........................................................... D.29.1 RADARSAT-1 487 ................................................... D.29.2 RADARSAT-2 489 ................................................... D.30 RADCAL (RADAR CALIBRATION SATELLITE) 492 ..................................... D.31 RESURS-F 492 ............................................................. D.32 RESURS-O 496 ............................................................ D.33 ROCSAT (REPUBLIC OF CHINA SATELLITE) 498 ....................................... D.33.1 ROCSAT-1 499 ...................................................... D.33.2 ROCSAT-2 501 ...................................................... D.34 SAC-C (SATELITE DE APLICACIONES CIENTIFICAS-C) 504 ............................... D.35 SEASAT 508 ............................................................... D.36 SMOS (SOIL MOISTURE AND OCEAN SALINITY) 512 ................................... D.37 SPOT (SYSTEME POUR LOBSERVATION DE LA TERRE) 517 .............................. D.37.1 SPOT-3 519 ......................................................... D.37.2 SPOT-4 520 ......................................................... D.37.3 SPOT-5 525 ......................................................... D.38 SSR1 (SATELITE DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO) 528 .................................. D.39 VCL (VEGETATION CANOPY LIDAR MISSION) 529 .................................... D.40 UOSAT/SSTL MICROSATELLITE MISSIONS 532 ....................................... D.40.1 UOSAT-1 (UNIVERSITY OF SURREY SATELLITE-1) 533 ........................... D.40.2 UOSAT-2 534 ........................................................ D.40.3 UOSAT-3 (HEALTHSAT-1) 534 ........................................... D.40.4 UOSAT-4 534 ........................................................ D.40.5 UOSAT-5 535 ........................................................ D.40.6 KITSAT-1 (KOREA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE) 535 .................... D.40.7 S-80/T 536 .......................................................... D.40.8 HEALTHSAT-2 536 ..................................................... D.40.9 POSAT-1 (PORTUGUESE SATELLITE) 537 ..................................... D.40.10 KITSAT-2 538 ....................................................... D.40.11 CERISE 538 ........................................................ D.40.12 FASAT-ALFA (FUERZA AEREA SATELLITE - ALFA) 539 ........................... D.40.13 FASAT-BRAVO (FUERZA AEREA SATELLITE - BRAVO) 541 ......................... D.40.14 UOSAT-12 541 ....................................................... D.40.15 TMSAT (THAI-MICROSATELLITE) 545 ....................................... D.40.16 SNAP (SURREY NANOSATELLITE APPLICATIONS PROGRAM) 547 ................... D.40.17 SNAP-1 547 ......................................................... D.40.18 TSINGHUA-1 550 ...................................................... D.40.19 TIUNGSAT 551 ........................................................ D.40.20 DMC (DISASTER MONITORING CONSTELLATION) 553 ........................... D.40.21 TOPSAT 553 ........................................................ PART E GEODYNAMIC/EARTH-SYSTEM MISSIONS 555 .................... E.1 CHAMP (CHALLENGING MINISATELLITE PAYLOAD) 555 ................................. E.2 CRYOSAT 560 ................................................................ E.3 EGS (EXPERIMENTAL GEODETIC SATELLITE, AJISAI) 565 ................................ E.4 ETALON 566 .............................................................. E.5 GEO-IK 566 ............................................................... E.6 GEOS (GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE) 567 ........................................... E.6.1 GEOS-1 567 ........................................................ E.6.2 GEOS-2 568 ........................................................ E.7 GEOS 568 ................................................................. E.7.1 GEOS-1 (GEODETIC EARTH ORBITING SATELLITE) 568 .......................... E.7.2 GEOS-2 (GEODETIC EARTH ORBITING SATELLITE) 570 .......................... E.7.3 GEOS-3 (GEODYNAMICS EXPERIMENTAL OCEAN SATELLITE) 571 ................. E.8 GEOSAT (GEODETIC/GEOPHYSICAL SATELLITE) 572 .................................. E.9 GFO-1 (GEOSAT FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM) 574 ....................................... E.10 GFZ-1 (GEOFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM-1 GEODESY SATELLITE) 575 ......................... E.11 GOCE (GRAVITY FIELD AND STEADY-STATE OCEAN CIRCULATION EXPLORER) 576 .............. E.12 GP-B (GRAVITY PROBE B - RELATIVITY MISSION) 581 ................................. E.12.1 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 584 .............................................. E.12.2 EXPERIMENT PAYLOAD 584 .............................................. E.13 GRACE (GRAVITY RECOVERY AND CLIMATE EXPERIMENT) 586 ......................... E.14 JASON-1 (JOINT ALTIMETRY SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY NETWORK) 590 ..................... E.15 LAGEOS-I (LASER GEODYNAMICS SATELLITE) 593 ................................... E.15.1 LAGEOS-II 594 ..................................................... E.16 MAGSAT 595 .............................................................. E.17 MIMOSA (MICROACCELEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF SATELLITE ACCELERATIONS) 596 ........ E.18 OERSTED 598 ................................................................. E.19 STARLETTE 600 ................................................................ E.20 STELLA 600 .................................................................. E.21 TOPEX/POSEIDON 601 ....................................................... E.21.1 DORIS 603 ......................................................... E.22 WESTPAC (WESTERN PACIFIC SATELLITE) 605 ....................................... PART F METEOROLOGY - GEO (GEOSYNCHRONOUS EARTH ORBIT) MISSIONS 607 F.1 ELEKTRO-M-1(ELEKTRO-MODIFIED-1) 607 .......................................... F.2 FENG-YUN-2 (GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE SERIES) 609 .................................. F.2.1 FY-2A 609 ......................................................... F.2.2 FY-2B 611 .......................................................... F.3 GMS (GEOSTATIONARY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE) 612 ............................... F.3.1 GMS DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM (DCS) 613 ................................ F.4 GOES (GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE) 614 ................... F.4.1 NOAA-GOES DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM (DCS) 617 ........................ F.4.2 NOAA-GOES SEM INSTRUMENTS 619 ................................... F.4.3 NOAA-GOES SECOND GENERATION 621 .................................. F.4.4 NEXT-GENERATION IMAGER FOR THE NOAA GOES SERIES 627 .................. F.4.5 NEXT-GENERATION SOUNDER FOR THE NOAA GOES SERIES 628 ................. F.4.6 LMS (LIGHTNING MAPPER SENSOR) 628 ................................... F.5 GOMS (GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE) 630 ................... F.5.1 RADIO COMPLEX FOR DATA COLLECTION, TRANSMISSION AND RELAY 632 ............ F.6 INSAT 633 ................................................................. F.6.1 INSAT-1 SATELLITE SERIES 633 ........................................... F.6.2 INSAT-2 SATELLITE SERIES 634 ........................................... F.6.2.1 INSAT-2E 636 .............................................. F.6.3 INSAT-3 SATELLITE SERIES 640 ........................................... F.6.3.1 INSAT-3B 640 .............................................. F.6.3.2 INSAT-3A 641 .............................................. F.7 METEOSAT 641 ............................................................ F.7.1 METEOSAT DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM (DCS) 644 ............................. F.7.2 METEOSAT DCP RETRANSMISSION SYSTEM 645 ............................... F.7.3 MOSAIC 647 ....................................................... F.8 MSG (METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION) 647 .................................... F.8.1 MSG GROUND SEGMENT (STATIONS) 653 ................................... F.8.2 MSG COMMUNICATION SERVICES AND DATA DISTRIBUTION 654 .................. F.9 MTSAT (MULTIFUNCTION TRANSPORT SATELLITE) 655 .................................. F.9.1 MTSAT-1R 656 ..................................................... F.9.1.1 AERONAUTICAL MISSION 657 .................................... F.9.1.2 METEOROLOGICAL MISSION 658 ................................... F.9.1.3 DCS (DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM) 660 ............................. PART G METEOROLOGY - LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) MISSIONS 661 .......... G.1 DMSP (DEFENSE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE PROGRAM) 661 ........................... G.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK 5D-2 AND 5D-3 SENSORS 663 ......................... G.1.2 SPACE ENVIRONMENT SENSORS 669 ........................................ G.1.3 EARLY SENSORS OF THE DMSP PROGRAM 673 ................................ G.1.4 DMSP DATA AVAILABILITY - VISIBLE AND INFRARED IMAGERY 675 ................ G.2 EPS (EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM) 676 .......................................... G.2.1 METOP-1 SATELLITE 678 ................................................ G.2.2 METOP-1 SENSOR COMPLEMENT 681 ...................................... G.3 FENG-YUN-1 (POLAR ORBITING SATELLITE SERIES) 688 ................................. G.3.1 FY-1A, -1B 689 ..................................................... G.3.2 FENG-YUN-1C AND -1D 691 ............................................ G.3.3 FENG-YUN-3 (FY-3) SATELLITES 692 ....................................... G.4 METEOR-1 SERIES 692 ....................................................... G.5 METEOR-2 SERIES 693 ....................................................... G.6 METEOR-PRIRODA SERIES 694 ................................................. G.7 METEOR-3 SERIES 695 ....................................................... G.8 METEOR-3M SERIES 701 ....................................................... G.8.1 METEOR-3M-1 701 .................................................... G.9 NPP (NPOESS PREPARATORY PROJECT) 707 ........................................ G.10 NPOESS (NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM) 711 ... G.10.1 NPOESS TRANSITION PERIOD OVERVIEW 711 ................................ G.10.2 THE NPOESS SATELLITE 713 ............................................ G.10.3 NPOESS SENSOR COMPLEMENT 713 ...................................... G.11 TIROS METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SERIES (WITH THE POES PROGRAM) 720 ............... G.11.1 TIROS-1 (TIROS-A) 720 ............................................. G.11.2 TIROS-2 (TIROS-B) 721 ............................................. G.11.3 TIROS-3 (TIROS-C) 722 ............................................. G.11.4 TIROS-4 (TIROS-D) 723 ............................................. G.11.5 TIROS-5 (TIROS-E) 723 ............................................. G.11.6 TIROS-6 (TIROS-F) 724 ............................................. G.11.7 TIROS-7 (TIROS-G) 724 ............................................. G.11.8 TIROS-8 (TIROS-H) 725 ............................................. G.11.9 TIROS-9 (TIROS-I) 725 .............................................. G.11.10 TIROS-10 726 ...................................................... G.12 TOS/ESSA SATELLITE SERIES (2ND GENERATION) 726 ................................. G.12.1 ESSA-1 (TOS-1) 727 ................................................. G.12.2 ESSA-2 (TOS-2) 727 ................................................. G.12.3 ESSA-3 (TOS-3) 728 ................................................. G.12.4 ESSA-4 (TOS-4) 728 ................................................. G.12.5 ESSA-5 (TOS-5) 729 ................................................. G.12.6 ESSA-6 (TOS-6) 729 ................................................. G.12.7 ESSA-7 (TOS-7) 729 ................................................. G.12.8 ESSA-8 (TOS-8) 729 ................................................. G.12.9 ESSA-9 (TOS-9) 730 ................................................. G.13 ITOS (IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL SYSTEM) 730 ................................ G.13.1 NOAA-1 (ITOS-A, ALSO KNOWN AS ITOS-1 AND TIROS-M) 730 .............. G.13.2 NOAA-2 (ITOS-D) 732 ............................................... G.13.2.1 NOAA-3 (ITOS-F) 732 ...................................... G.13.3 NOAA-4 (ITOS-G) 733 ............................................... G.13.4 NOAA-5 (ITOS-H) 733 ............................................... G.14 TIROS-N (4TH GENERATION) SATELLITE SERIES 733 .................................. G.14.1 TIROS-N SATELLITE 734 ............................................... G.14.1.1 NOAA-6 (NOAA-A) 735 ..................................... G.14.2 NOAA-B 735 ....................................................... G.14.3 NOAA-7 (NOAA-C) 735 .............................................. G.14.4 NOAA-8 (NOAA-E) 739 .............................................. G.14.5 NOAA-9 (NOAA-F) 739 .............................................. G.14.6 NOAA-10 (NOAA-G) 739 ............................................ G.14.7 NOAA-11 (NOAA-H) 740 ............................................ G.14.8 NOAA-12 (NOAA-D) 740 ............................................ G.14.9 NOAA-13 (NOAA-I) 740 ............................................. G.14.10 NOAA-14 (NOAA-J) 741 ............................................. G.14.11 SENSOR DESCRIPTIONS OF 4TH GENERATION SERIES 741 ......................... G.14.12 SEM (SPACE ENVIRONMENT MONITOR) 744 ................................. G.15 5TH GENERATION SATELLITES OF NOAA-POES SERIES 744 ............................. G.15.1 SENSORS FOR THE POES K, L, M, N, N SERIES 747 ........................... G.15.2 SEM-2 (SPACE ENVIRONMENT MONITOR-2) 752 ............................. G.15.3 IJPS (INITIAL JOINT POLAR SYSTEM) 753 .................................... G.15.4 ARGOS ON NOAA-POES SATELLITES 754 ................................. PART H SATELLITE RADIONAVIGATION SYSTEMS 757 ...................... H.1 GALILEO 757 ................................................................. H.1.1 GALILEOSAT 758 ...................................................... H.1.2 SYSTEM INTEGRITY CONCEPT 763 .......................................... H.1.3 SIGNAL BASELINE 764 .................................................. H.2 GNSS-1 AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS 764 ............................................ H.2.1 WAAS (WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM) 765 ........................... H.2.2 EGNOS (EUROPEAN GEOSTATIONARY NAVIGATION OVERLAY SYSTEM) 766 .......... H.2.3 MSAS (MULTI-TRANSPORT SATELLITE AUGMENTATION SYSTEM) 768 ................ H.3 GLONASS 769 ............................................................. H.4 GPS (NAVSTAR-GPS) 772 ................................................... H.4.1 GPS SPACE SEGMENT 772 .............................................. H.4.1.1 BLOCK I SATELLITES 772 ........................................ H.4.1.2 BLOCK II SATELLITES (NAVSTAR II-1 TO II-8) 775 .................. H.4.1.3 BLOCK IIA SATELLITES (NAVSTAR IIA-10 TO IIA-27) 776 ............ H.4.1.4 BLOCK IIR (REPLACEMENT OPERATIONAL SATELLITES) 776 .............. H.4.1.5 BLOCK IIF SATELLITES 778 ...................................... H.4.2 GPS CONTROL SEGMENT 780 ............................................ H.4.3 GPS USER SEGMENT 780 ............................................... H.4.3.1 FUNDAMENTAL GPS OBSERVABLES 781 ............................ H.4.3.2 AVAILABILITY OF GPS/GLONASS SYSTEMS 782 ..................... H.4.3.3 GPS APPLICATIONS 783 ....................................... H.4.3.4 SOME GPS ORBIT AND ATTITUDE INSTRUMENTS 785 .................. H.4.3.5 IGS (INTERNATIONAL GPS SERVICE FOR GEODYNAMICS) 787 ............ H.4.3.6 CIGNET 788 ............................................... H.4.4 DGPS (DIFFERENTIAL GPS) 789 ......................................... H.5 MTSAT (MULTIFUNCTION TRANSPORT SATELLITE) 790 .................................. H.6 TRANSIT - NAVY NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (NNSS) 790 ............................ H.7 SUMMARY OF MICROWAVE TRACKING SYSTEMS 794 .................................... H.7.1 DORIS TRACKING SYSTEM 794 .......................................... H.7.2 PRARE TRACKING SYSTEM 794 .......................................... PART I SATELLITE EMERGENCY SERVICES & ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 799 . I.1 BIRD (BI-SPECTRAL INFRARED DETECTION) 799 ...................................... I.2 DEMETER (DETECTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS TRANSMITTED FROM EARTHQUAKE REGIONS) 801 ............................................................... I.3 DMC (DISASTER MONITORING CONSTELLATION) 801 ................................... I.4 FUEGO/FOC (FIRE OBSERVATION CONSTELLATION) 803 ................................ I.4.1 FUEGO SYSTEM CONCEPT 804 ............................................ I.4.2 FUEGOSAT 808 ....................................................... I.5 GMES (GLOBAL MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY) 808 ..................... I.6 SEARCH & RESCUE (S&R) SATELLITE SYSTEMS 809 ................................... I.6.1 COSPAS-S&RSAT CONSTELLATION 809 ................................... I.6.1.1 ALERT SIGNAL DEVICES (USER SEGMENT) 810 ....................... I.6.1.2 SATELLITE PAYLOADS (SPACE SEGMENT) 811 ......................... I.6.1.3 COSPAS-S&RSAT GROUND SEGMENT 812 ....................... I.6.2 GEOS&R (GEOSTATIONARY SEARCH & RESCUE) 813 ......................... PART J SHUTTLE - SELECTED MISSIONS AND PAYLOADS 815 ................ J.1 ASTRO-SPAS (ASTRONOMY PLATFORM - SHUTTLE PALLET SATELLITE) 815 .................. J.1.1 ORFEUS-SPAS-1 815 ................................................ J.1.2 CRISTA-SPAS-1 816 ................................................. J.1.3 ORFEUS-SPAS-2 819 ................................................ J.1.4 CRISTA-SPAS-2 820 ................................................. J.2 ATLAS (ATMOSPHERIC LABORATORY FOR APPLICATION AND SCIENCE) 820 ................. J.3 BITSY-SX (BITSY-SPACECRAFT IN FUTURE-X) 823 ..................................... J.4 CIRRIS (CRYOGENIC INFRARED RADIANCE INSTRUMENTATION FOR SHUTTLE) 824 ............. J.5 EURECA (EUROPEAN RETRIEVABLE CARRIER) 825 .................................. J.5.1 EURECA-1 MISSION 825 .............................................. J.6 IPS (INSTRUMENT POINTING SYSTEM) 828 .......................................... J.7 ISIR (INFRARED SPECTRAL IMAGING RADIOMETER) 829 ................................ J.8 LDEF (LONG DURATION EXPOSURE FACILITY) 830 ................................... J.9 LFC (LARGE FORMAT CAMERA) 833 ...................................... J.10 LITE (LIDAR IN-SPACE TECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENT) 834 ............................... J.11 MAPS (MEASUREMENT OF AIR POLLUTION FROM SATELLITES) 835 ......................... J.12 MOMS-01 (MODULAR OPTOELECTRONIC MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 836 .................... J.13 MOMS-02 (MODULAR OPTOELECTRONIC MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 837 .................... J.14 SAC (SATELITE DE APLICACIONES CIENTIFICAS) 839 ................................... J.15 SAC -A (SATELITE DE APLICACIONES CIENTIFICAS-A) 839 .............................. J.16 SHIMMER (SPATIAL HETERODYNE IMAGER FOR MESOSPHERIC RADICALS) 840 ............. J.17 SLA (SHUTTLE LASER ALTIMETER) 842 ............................................. J.17.1 SLA-1 842 .......................................................... J.17.2 SLA-2 843 .......................................................... J.18 SPARTAN (SHUTTLE POINTED AUTONOMOUS RESEARCH TOOL FOR ASTRONOMY) 843 ......... J.18.1 SPARTAN-1 844 ..................................................... J.18.2 SPARTAN-HALLEY 844 ................................................ J.18.3 SPARTAN-201 844 ................................................... J.18.4 SPARTAN-204 845 ................................................... J.18.5 SPARTAN-206 845 ................................................... J.18.6 SPARTAN-207 847 ................................................... J.18.7 SPARTAN-250 CARRIER SYSTEM 847 ..................................... J.18.8 SPARTAN-251 847 ................................................... J.18.9 SPARTAN-401 847 ................................................... J.19 SIR-A (SHUTTLE IMAGING RADAR) 848 ............................................ J.20 SIR-B 849 .................................................................. J.21 SIR-C/X-SAR 849 ........................................................... J.22 SPACELAB-1 853 .............................................................. J.23 SPACELAB-3 854 .............................................................. J.24 SHUTTLE EO IMAGING CAMERAS 854 .............................................. J.24.1 SHUTTLE FILM CAMERA SYSTEMS 855 ...................................... J.24.2 IMAX SPACE CAMERAS 856 ............................................ J.24.3 IMAX-3D SPACE CAMERAS 856 ......................................... J.24.4 ICBC (IMAX CARGO BAY CAMERA) 856 .................................. J.25 SRTM (SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION) 858 .................................. J.26 SSBUV (SHUTTLE SOLAR BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER) 861 ................... PART K SPACE SCIENCE/SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL MISSIONS 863 ................ K.1 ACE (ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER) 863 ..................................... K.2 ACTIVE (AKTIVNY-IK) 865 ................................................ K.2.1 SUBSATELLITE MAGION-2 (C2-AK) 867 ..................................... K.3 ALEXIS (ARRAY OF LOW-ENERGY X-RAY IMAGING SENSORS) 869 ....................... K.4 AMPTE (ACTIVE MAGNETOSPHERE TRACER EXPLORERS) 871 ............................ K.4.1 IRM INSTRUMENTATION (SENSORS) 874 .................................... K.4.2 UKS INSTRUMENTATION (SENSORS) 875 .................................... K.4.3 CCE INSTRUMENTATION (SENSORS) 875 .................................... K.5 APEX (ACTIVE PLASMA EXPERIMENT) 875 ......................................... K.5.1 APEX SUBSATELLITE (MAGION-3) SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD 877 ...................... K.6 ASTRID 878 ............................................................... K.6.1 ASTRID-1 878 ...................................................... K.6.2 ASTRID-2 880 ...................................................... K.7 CLUSTER (FOUR S/C MISSION IN CONCERT WITH SOHO) 881 ........................... K.7.1 CLUSTER-I 881 ........................................................ K.7.2 CLUSTER-II 886 ....................................................... K.8 CORONAS-I 888 ........................................................... K.8.1 CORONAS-F 892 ................................................... K.8.2 PHOTON 893 ...................................................... K.9 EQUATOR-S 896 .............................................................. K.10 EXOS (EXOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS) 898 .......................................... K.10.1 EXOS-A (KYOKKO) 898 ............................................... K.10.2 EXOS-B (JIKIKEN) 899 ................................................ K.10.3 EXOS-C (OHZORA = SKY) 900 .......................................... K.10.4 EXOS-D (AKEBONO) 901 .............................................. K.11 FREJA 905 ................................................................ K.12 GENESIS (SOLAR-WIND SAMPLE RETURN MISSION) 909 ................................ K.13 GEOTAIL 913 ............................................................. K.14 HESSI (HIGH ENERGY SOLAR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGER) 916 ............................ K.15 IMAGE (IMAGER FOR MAGNETOPAUSE-TO-AURORA GLOBAL EXPLORATION) 918 ............. K.16 IMP-8 (INTERNATIONAL MONITORING PLATFORM) 923 .................................. K.17 INTERBALL 926 ........................................................... K.17.1 AURORAL PROBE SENSORS 927 ........................................... K.17.2 TAIL PROBE SENSORS 928 .............................................. K.18 ISEE (INTERNATIONAL SUN-EARTH EXPLORER) 931 .................................... K.18.1 ISEE-1 AND -2 MISSION 931 ............................................ K.18.2 ISEE-3 MISSION 933 .................................................. K.19 POLAR 936 ................................................................ K.19.1 SAC-B (SATELITE DE APPLICACIONES CIENTIFICAS-B) 941 ...................... K.20 SME (SOLAR MESOSPHERE EXPLORER) 942 ......................................... K.21 SMEX (SMALL EXPLORER PROGRAM) 944 .......................................... K.21.1 SAMPEX (SOLAR ANOMALOUS AND MAGNETOSPHERIC PARTICLE EXPLORER) 945 ..... K.21.2 FAST (FAST AURORAL SNAPSHOT EXPLORER) 947 ............................. K.21.3 TRACE (TRANSITION REGION AND CORONAL EXPLORER) 949 .................... K.22 SMM (SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION) 952 ........................................... K.23 SOHO (SOLAR AND HELIOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY) 955 ................................ K.24 SOLAR-A (YOHKOH) 960 ..................................................... K.25 SOLAR-B 961 ................................................................ K.26 STEREO (SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS OBSERVATORY) 963 ........................... K.27 TWINS (TWO WIDE-ANGLE IMAGING NEUTRAL-ATOM SPECTROMETERS) 971 ................ K.28 ULYSSES 973 ................................................................. K.29 VIKING 978 ................................................................. K.30 WIND 980 ................................................................. PART L SPACE STATIONS 983 ...................................... L.1 ISS (INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION) 983 ........................................... L.2 ISS UTILIZATION - SELECTED PAYLOADS AND INSTRUMENTS 984 ........................... L.2.1 ACCESS (ADVANCED COSMIC-RAY COMPOSITION EXPERIMENT FOR SPACE STATION) 985 ......................................................... L.2.2 ACES (ATOMIC CLOCK ENSEMBLE IN SPACE) 986 ............................ L.2.3 AMS (ALPHA MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER) 986 ............................... L.2.4 ARISS (AMATEUR RADIO ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION) 986 ............ L.2.5 CRESPO (CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM SPECTRO-PHOTOMETRIC OBSERVATORY) 986 ..... L.2.6 EUTEF (EUROPEAN TECHNOLOGY EXPOSURE FACILITY) 987 ..................... L.2.7 FOCUS (FIRE DETECTION AND ANALYSIS SENSOR SYSTEM) 987 .................. L.2.8 GTS (GLOBAL TRANSMISSION SERVICES) 988 ................................. L.2.9 LCDE (LASER COMMUNICATIONS DEMONSTRATION EQUIPMENT) 989 ............ L.2.10 PARCS (PRIMARY ATOMIC REFERENCE CLOCK IN SPACE) 990 ................... L.2.11 PET (PHOTOVOLTATIC ENGINEERING TESTBED) 990 ............................ L.2.12 RACE (RUBIDIUM ATOMIC CLOCK EXPERIMENT) 991 ........................ L.2.13 SAGE-III (STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND GAS EXPERIMENT III) 991 .............. L.2.14 SEDA-AP (SPACE ENVIRONMENT DATA ACQUISITION EQUIPMENT-ATTACHED PAYLOAD) 991 ........................................................ L.2.15 SMILES (SUPERCONDUCTING SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE LIMB-EMISSION SOUNDER) 992 . L.2.16 SOLAR-A (SOLAR MONITORING OBSERVATORY) 994 ............................. L.2.16.1 SOVIM (SOLAR VARIABILITY AND IRRADIANCE MONITOR) 994 ............ L.2.16.2 SOLSPEC (SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS) 996 ......... L.2.16.3 SOL-ACES (SOLAR AUTO-CALIBRATING EUV/UV SPECTROPHOTOMETERS) 996 ....................................... L.2.17 SUMO (SUPERCONDUCTING MICROWAVE OSCILLATOR) 996 ...................... L.2.18 WORF (WINDOW OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH FACILITY) 996 .................... L.3 MIR-1 ORBITAL STATION 997 .................................................... L.4 SALYUT SPACE STATION 1001 ...................................................... L.5 SKYLAB SPACE STATION 1002 ................................................... PART M TECHNOLOGY MISSIONS 1005 ................................. M.1 ARGOS (ADVANCED RESEARCH AND GLOBAL OBSERVATION SATELLITE) 1005 ................ M.2 ARTEMIS (ADVANCED RELAY AND TECHNOLOGY MISSION SATELLITE) 1013 ................. M.3 BITSY-SX (BITSY-SPACECRAFT IN FUTURE-X) 1017 ..................................... M.4 DODGE (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GRAVITY EXPERIMENT) 1018 ....................... M.5 DS1 (DEEP SPACE 1) 1019 ...................................................... M.5.1 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PAYLOAD COMPLEMENT 1021 ........................... M.5.2 MAJOR EVENTS AND STATUS OF EXTENDED MISSION IN 2000 1024 ................... M.6 EO-1 (EARTH ORBSERVING-1) 1025 ................................................ M.6.1 SENSOR COMPLEMENT 1026 .............................................. M.6.2 DEMONSTRATION OF SEVEN NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON EO-1 1030 .................... M.7 EO-3 (EARTH OBSERVING-3, GIFTS-IOMI MISSION) 1032 ............................. M.8 ETS (ENGINEERING TEST SATELLITE) 1035 ........................................... M.8.1 ETS-VII (ENGINEERING TEST SATELLITE VII) 1036 ............................. M.8.2 ETS-VIII (ENGINEERING TEST SATELLITE VIII) 1039 ........................... M.9 FEDSAT-1 (FEDERATION SATELLITE ONE) 1042 ........................................ M.10 MDS (MISSION DEMONSTRATION SATELLITE) 1045 ..................................... M.10.1 MDS-1 1045 ......................................................... M.11 MIGHTYSAT 1047 .............................................................. M.11.1 MIGHTYSAT I 1047 ..................................................... M.11.2 MIGHTYSAT II.1 (SINDRI) 1049 ............................................ M.12 MINISAT 1053 .............................................................. M.12.1 MINISAT-01 1053 .................................................... M.13 MITA (MINISATELLITE ITALIANO DI TECHNOLOGIA AVANZATA) 1055 ........................ M.14 MSX (MIDCOURSE SPACE EXPERIMENT) 1057 ....................................... M.15 MYRIADE (CNES MICROSATELLITE PROGRAM) 1064 .................................... M.15.1 DEMETER 1065 ..................................................... M.15.2 MICROSCOPE 1066 ..................................................... M.15.3 PARASOL 1068 ...................................................... M.15.4 PICARD 1069 .......................................................... M.16 NEMO (NAVY EARTHMAP OBSERVER) 1071 ........................................ M.17 NIMBUS 1075 ................................................................ M.17.1 NIMBUS-1 1076 ....................................................... M.17.2 NIMBUS-2 1077 ....................................................... M.17.3 NIMBUS-3 1078 ....................................................... M.17.4 NIMBUS-4 1080 ....................................................... M.17.5 NIMBUS-5 1082 ....................................................... M.17.6 NIMBUS-6 1084 ....................................................... M.17.7 NIMBUS-7 1086 ....................................................... M.18 OICETS (OPTICAL INTER-ORBIT COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING TEST SATELLITE) 1090 ........ M.19 PICOSAT (STP) 1093 ......................................................... M.20 PROBA (PROJECT FOR ON-BOARD AUTONOMY) 1095 .................................. M.21 RADCAL (RADAR CALIBRATION SATELLITE) 1102 ..................................... M.22 SJ (SHI JIAN PROGRAM) 1102 .................................................... M.22.1 SJ-5 (SHI JIAN - 5) 1103 ................................................ M.23 SMART-1 (SMALL MISSION FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY) 1105 ................ M.24 SPORT (SMALL PAYLOAD ORBIT TRANSFER) 1110 ...................................... M.25 STRV (SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VEHICLE) 1111 ................................. M.25.1 STRV-1A AND -1B 1111 ................................................. M.25.1.1 STRV-1A SENSOR/EXPERIMENT COMPLEMENT 1112 ................... M.25.1.2 STRV-1B SENSOR/EXPERIMENT COMPLEMENT 1114 .................. M.25.2 STRV-1C AND -1D 1116 ................................................. M.25.2.1 STRV-1C SENSOR/EXPERIMENT COMPLEMENT 1116 ................... M.25.2.2 STRV-1D SENSOR/EXPERIMENT COMPLEMENT 1119 .................. M.26 TEAMSAT 1120 ............................................................. M.27 TETHER MISSIONS/EXPERIMENTS 1123 .............................................. M.27.1 ASTOR (ADVANCED SAFETY TETHER OPERATION AND RELIABILITY) 1125 ............ M.27.2 BOLAS (BISTATIC OBSERVATIONS WITH LOW ALTITUDE SATELLITES) 1125 ............ M.27.3 METS (MIR ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER SYSTEM) 1126 ......................... M.27.4 OEDIPUS 1126 ...................................................... M.27.5 PMG (PLASMA MOTOR GENERATOR) 1126 ................................... M.27.6 PROSEDS (PROPULSIVE SMALL EXPENDABLE DEPLOYER SYSTEM) 1127 ............. M.27.7 SEDS (SMALL EXPENDABLE DEPLOYER SYSTEM) 1127 .......................... M.27.8 STEP-AIRSEDS 1128 ................................................. M.27.9 STEPS (STATION TETHERED EXPRESS PAYLOAD SYSTEM) 1128 .................... M.27.10 TIPS (TETHER PHYSICS AND SURVIVABILITY) 1129 .............................. M.27.11 TSE (TETHER SYSTEM EXPERIMENT) 1130 ................................... M.27.12 TSS (TETHERED SATELLITE SYSTEM) 1131 .................................... M.28 TOPSAT 1132 ............................................................... M.29 TSX-5 (TRI-SERVICE EXPERIMENTS MISSION 5) 1134 .................................. M.29.1 STRV-2 (SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VEHICLE-2) 1135 ....................... M.29.2 CEASE (COMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL ANOMALY SENSOR EXPERIMENT) 1137 ......... PART N UNIVERSITY/STUDENT-DEVELOPED SATELLITES & PAYLOADS 1139 ....... N.1 ASUSAT-1 (ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY SATELLITE 1) 1140 .............................. N.2 BREM-SAT 1 1141 ........................................................... N.3 CHIPSAT (CHIPS SATELLITE) 1143 ................................................ N.4 CX-I (CITIZEN EXPLORER-I) 1146 ................................................. N.4.1 ON-BOARD SENSOR COMPLEMENT 1147 ..................................... N.4.2 GROUND INSTRUMENTS 1148 .............................................. N.4.3 TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONS 1148 ........................................ N.4.4 DATA DISTRIBUTION SCHEME AND USER INVOLVEMENT 1149 ...................... N.5 FS-1 (FALCONSAT-1) 1149 ....................................................... N.6 NANOSAT 1150 ............................................................... N.7 JAWSAT (JOINT AIRFORCE ACADEMY / WEBER STATE UNIVERSITY SATELLITE) 1151 ............ N.8 NAVGOLD 1153 ............................................................... N.9 MUNIN 1155 ................................................................. N.10 NUSAT (NORTHERN UTAH SATELLITE) 1157 .......................................... N.11 OPAL (ORBITING PICOSAT AUTOMATIC LAUNCHER) 1158 ............................... N.11.1 SENSOR/PAYLOAD COMPLEMENT 1159 ....................................... N.11.2 STENSAT 1160 ......................................................... N.11.3 PICOSAT1.0 1161 .................................................... N.11.4 ARTEMIS 1162 ......................................................... N.12 PANSAT (PETITE AMATEUR NAVY SATELLITE) 1163 ................................... N.13 SAPPHIRE (STANFORD AUDIOPHONIC PHOTOGRAPHIC IR EXPERIMENT) 1164 .............. N.14 SEDSAT-1 (STUDENTS FOR THE EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE) 1166 ............. N.15 SPUTNIK-II 1167 .............................................................. N.16 STARSHINE (STUDENT-TRACKED ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH SATELLITE FOR HEURISTIC INTERNATIONAL NETWORKING EQUIPMENT) 1168 ...................................... N.16.1 STARSHINE-1 1168 .................................................. N.16.2 STARSHINE-2 1169 .................................................. N.16.3 STARSHINE-3 1169 .................................................. N.17 STEDI (STUDENT EXPLORER DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE) 1170 .......................... N.17.1 SNOE (STUDENT NITRIC OXIDE EXPLORER) 1170 .............................. N.17.2 TERRIERS 1173 ..................................................... N.17.3 CATSAT (COOPERATIVE ASTROPHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE) 1175 .......... N.18 SUNSAT (STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY SATELLITE) 1177 ................................. N.19 SURFSAT (SUMMER UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP SATELLITE) 1180 ............. N.20 TECHSAT/GURWIN-II 1181 ....................................................... N.21 TUBSAT (TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN SATELLITE) 1184 ............................ N.21.1 TUBSAT-A 1184 ..................................................... N.21.2 TUBSAT-B 1185 ...................................................... N.21.3 TUBSAT-N (TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN SATELLITE-NANO) 1185 ............. N.21.4 DLR-TUBSAT 1186 ................................................... N.21.5 MAROC-TUBSAT 1188 ................................................. N.22 UNISAT (UNIVERSITY SATELLITE) 1190 ............................................... N.23 WEBERSAT 1191 ............................................................... PART O REFERENCE DATA AND DEFINITIONS 1193 ........................ O.1 DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS, SUMMARIES 1196 .......................................... O.1.1 REMOTE SENSING ACROSS THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 1196 ................. O.1.2 TYPES AND CLASSES OF REMOTE SENSORS AND SENSING DATA 1197 ................ O.2 SOME ASPECTS OF RADIOMETRIC INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION 1201 ......................... O.2.1 GNSS RADIO OCCULTATION SOUNDING 1203 ................................. O.2.2 CORRECTION/CALIBRATION METHODS FOR SENSOR DATA 1205 ...................... O.2.3 ELECTRON-SCANNED IMAGING DEVICES 1206 .................................. O.3 SCANNERS 1206 ............................................................... O.3.1 LINE SCANNERS 1207 ................................................... O.3.2 ELECTROMECHANICAL LINE SCANNER 1208 .................................... O.3.3 OPTOELECTRONIC SCANNERS 1209 .......................................... O.3.4 OBSERVATION SCHEMES 1210 ............................................. O.3.4.1 LINE (OR LINEAR) DETECTOR ARRAY 1211 ............................ O.3.4.2 AREA ARRAYS 1212 ............................................ O.3.5 STARING ARRAY SYSTEMS 1212 ............................................. O.3.6 TIME DELAY INTEGRATION (TDI) 1213 ...................................... O.4 SENSOR DETECTOR SYSTEMS 1215 .................................................. O.4.1 DEFINITIONS 1215 ...................................................... O.4.2 CHARGE-TRANSFER DEVICES 1223 ........................................... O.4.2.1 CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE (CCD) 1224 ............................ O.4.2.2 CHARGE-INJECTION DEVICE (CID) 1227 ............................ O.4.2.3 CMOS/APS DETECTORS 1228 ................................... O.4.3 INFRARED DETECTION 1229 ............................................... O.4.3.1 DETECTOR ARRAYS AND FOCAL PLANE ASSEMBLIES (FPAS) 1230 .......... O.4.4 RADIATION DETECTION LIMITS 1231 ........................................ O.4.5 ACOUSTO-OPTIC DEVICES 1233 ............................................ O.4.6 RESOLUTION (FOR VISIBLE AND INFRARED IMAGERY) 1235 ........................ O.4.7 SQUID SENSORS IN MAGNETOMETRY 1237 .................................. O.5 CRYOCOOLING TECHNIQUES 1237 ................................................... O.5.1 STIRLING CYCLE COOLER 1238 .............................................. O.5.2 PULSE TUBE COOLER 1238 ................................................ O.5.3 HYBRID CRYOGENIC SYSTEM: CSE (CRYO SYSTEM EXPERIMENT) 1238 .............. O.5.4 OPTICAL COOLING 1239 .................................................. O.6 IMAGING SPECTROMETERS 1240 ................................................... O.7 PASSIVE RADIOMETRY (MW/MMW) 1241 .......................................... O.7.1 RADIOMETER INSTRUMENTS 1243 .......................................... O.7.2 APERTURE SYNTHESIS IN RADIOMETRY 1247 .................................. O.8 ACTIVE RADIOMETRY 1247 ....................................................... O.8.1 TYPES OF RADAR SENSORS 1248 ............................................ O.8.2 SAR TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS 1250 .................................. O.8.3 SAR IMAGING MODES 1252 .............................................. O.8.4 LOOKS, SPECKLES AND RADIOMETRIC RESOLUTION OF SAR IMAGES 1252 ............ O.8.5 LIDARS (LASER-BASED REMOTE SENSING) 1253 ............................... O.8.5.1 BACKSCATTER LIDAR 1253 ........................................ O.8.5.2 DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR (DIAL) 1254 ...................... O.8.5.3 RAMAN LIDAR 1254 ........................................... O.8.5.4 DOPPLER WIND LIDAR (DWL) 1254 .............................. O.8.5.5 RANGING AND ALTIMETER LIDAR 1255 .............................. O.8.5.6 LIDAR PRINCIPLE 1255 .......................................... O.9 FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER (FTS) 1258 ..................................... O.10 INTERFEROMETRY 1259 .......................................................... O.10.1 RADAR INTERFEROMETRY 1261 ............................................. O.10.2 VLBI (VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY) 1263 ........................... O.11 SPATIAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY (SHS) 1263 ..................................... O.12 ORBITAL CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY IN REMOTE SENSING 1265 ......................... O.12.1 SUN-SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT 1267 ............................................ O.12.2 GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT 1268 ............................................ O.12.3 REPEAT COVERAGE OR TEMPORAL RESOLUTION 1270 ............................ O.12.4 LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) 1271 ........................................... O.12.5 MEO (MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT) 1272 ....................................... O.12.6 HEO (HIGHLY-ELLIPTICAL EARTH ORBIT) 1272 ................................ O.12.7 EEO (ELLIPTICAL EARTH ORBIT) 1272 ....................................... O.12.8 THE INTERFEROMETRIC CARTWHEEL ORBIT 1272 ................................ O.12.9 SOME ORBIT SELECTION REQUIREMENTS 1275 ................................. O.12.10 WALKER CONSTELLATION 1275 ............................................. O.12.11 LIBRATION POINTS/LAGRANGE POINTS 1276 ................................... O.13 OBSERVATIONAL SCALES IN MODELING 1278 .......................................... O.14 ON-ORBIT ELECTRIC PROPULSION 1280 .............................................. O.14.1 BASIC THRUSTER CONCEPTS 1281 ........................................... O.14.1.1 SPECIFIC IMPULSE (ISP) 1281 .................................... O.14.1.2 ELECTROTHERMAL THRUSTERS 1281 .................................. O.14.1.3 ELECTROSTATIC THRUSTERS 1282 .................................... O.14.1.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC THRUSTERS 1283 ................................. O.14.2 SOME DEVELOPED THRUSTER SYSTEMS 1284 .................................. O.15 SUMMARY OF WORLD DATA CENTERS (WDCS) 1290 ................................... O.16 COMMITTEE ON EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES - CEOS 1293 ........................... O.17 SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION CHRONOLOGY 1296 .......................................... O.18 SOLAR WIND AND THE MAGNETOSPHERE - AN INTRODUCTION 1300 ......................... O.19 FREQUENCY DESIGNATIONS 1303 .................................................. APPENDIX A GLOSSARY 1313 ........................................ APPENDIX B ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1393 ....................... APPENDIX C INDEX OF SENSORS 1477 ................................. THE SECTIONS P AND Q ARE ONLY PART OF THE CD-ROM THAT COMES ALONG WITH THE BOOK. ALL INFORMATION UP TO AND INCLUDING APPENDIX C ARE PART OF THE 4TH EDITION (A SINGLE VOLUME) AS WELL AS PART OF THE CD-ROM. PART P SURVEY OF AIRBORNE SENSORS 1511 ............................ P.1 AAHIS (ADVANCED AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1513 .............. P.2 AAMAS (AIRCRAFT-BORNE AUTOMATIC MASS SPECTROMETER) 1514 ...................... P.2.1 TQMS (TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETER) 1515 ....................... P.3 ADS40 (AIRBORNE DIGITAL SENSOR 40) 1516 ........................................ P.4 AEROSOL EXPERIMENT 1518 ...................................................... P.5 AES-1 (AEROSENSING-1) 1518 ................................................... P.6 AES (AIRBORNE EMISSION SPECTROMETER) 1520 ..................................... P.7 AHSTRA (AIRBORNE HETERODYNE SPECTROMETER THZ ASTRONOMY) 1520 ............... P.8 AIMR (AIRBORNE IMAGING MICROWAVE RADIOMETER) 1521 ........................... P.9 AIMS-1000 (AIRBORNE IMAGING MAPPING AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM) 1522 .............. P.10 AIRCAM 1522 ................................................................ P.11 AIRDAS (AIRBORNE DISASTER ASSESSMENT SYSTEM) 1523 ............................. P.12 AIRMISR (AIRBORNE MULTI-ANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER) 1524 .................. P.13 AIRSAR (AIRBORNE SAR) 1525 ................................................ P.13.1 TOPSAR (INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING INSTRUMENT) 1527 ..... P.14 AIS (AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1529 ...................................... P.15 AISA (AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETER FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS) 1529 .............. P.16 ALAS (AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETER SYSTEM) 1531 ................................... P.17 ALF (AIRBORNE LASER FLUOROSENSOR) 1532 ........................................ P.18 ALIAS (AIRCRAFT LASER INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER) 1534 ..................... P.18.1 ALIAS-I ON ER-2 AIRCRAFT 1534 ......................................... P.18.2 ALIAS-II ON PERSEUS AIRCRAFT 1534 ...................................... P.19 ALPS (AIRBORNE LASER POLARIZATION SENSOR) 1535 .................................. P.20 ALTM (AIRBORNE LASER TERRAIN MAPPING) 1536 ................................... P.21 AMMR (AIRBORNE MULTICHANNEL MICROWAVE RADIOMETER) 1537 ...................... P.22 AMMS (AIRBORNE MICROWAVE MOISTURE SOUNDER) 1537 ............................. P.23 AMPR (ADVANCED MICROWAVE PRECIPITATION RADIOMETER) 1537 ...................... P.24 AMPS (AIRBORNE MULTISENSOR POD SYSTEM) 1538 .................................. P.24.1 SONY DXC-750 3-CCD VIDEO CAMERA 1539 ............................... P.24.2 WILD RC30 LARGE FORMAT CAMERA 1539 .................................. P.24.3 AGEMA THERMAL IMAGER 1540 ......................................... P.24.4 SANDIA SAR 1540 ..................................................... P.24.5 COHU 5560 LOW LIGHT CAMERA 1541 .................................... P.24.6 CASI (COMPACT AIRBORNE SPECTROGRAPHIC IMAGER) 1541 ..................... P.24.7 AMS (AIRBORNE MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1541 .............................. P.24.8 EGS (ECHELLE GRATING SPECTROMETER) 1541 ................................ P.24.9 AC-ITMS (AIR CONCENTRATOR-ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER) 1542 ............. P.24.10 TTS (TARGET TRACKING SYSTEM) 1542 ...................................... P.24.11 AKS (AERIAL KRYPTON SAMPLER) 1542 ..................................... P.24.12 R-TARAC (REAL-TIME AIRBORNE RADIONUCLIDE ANALYZER AND COLLECTOR) 1543 ... P.25 AMSOS (AIRBORNE MILLIMETER & SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE OBSERVING SYSTEM) 1543 ......... P.26 AMSS MK-II (AIRBORNE MULTI-SPECTRAL SCANNER) 1544 ............................. P.27 AOL (AIRBORNE OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR) 1544 ...................................... P.28 APDOR-95 (AIRBORNE POLARIMETRIC DOPPLER RADAR) 1545 ........................... P.29 APE (AIRBORNE POLAR EXPERIMENT) 1546 ......................................... P.29.1 SAFIRE-A (SPECTROSCOPY OF THE ATMOSPHERE W. FIR EMISSION - AIRBORNE) 1547 P.29.2 ARIAS (AIRBORNE REMOTE-SENSING & IN-SITU AEROSOL MEASURING SYSTEM) 1548 . P.29.3 GASCOD (GAS ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER CORRELATING OPTICAL DIFFERENCES) 1549 P.29.4 ABLE (AIRBORNE LIDAR EXPERIMENT) 1550 ................................ P.29.5 MAL (MICRO-JOULE AIRBORNE LIDAR) 1551 ................................. P.29.6 ECOC (ELECTROCHEMICAL OZONE CELL) 1552 ................................ P.29.7 FLASH (FLUORESCENT AIRBORNE STRATOSPHERIC HYGROMETER) 1552 .............. P.29.8 ACH (AIRCRAFT CONDENSATION HYGROMETER) 1553 ........................... P.29.9 ACAP (AIRBORNE COUNTER OF AEROSOL PARTICLES) 1553 ....................... P.29.10 FOZAN (FAST OZONE ANALYZER) 1554 .................................... P.29.11 COPAS (CONDENSATION PARTICLE DETECTION SYSTEM) 1555 ..................... P.30 APEX (AIRBORNE PRISM EXPERIMENT) 1555 ...................................... P.31 APMIR (AIRBORNE POLARIMETRIC MICROWAVE IMAGING RADIOMETER) 1557 ............... P.32 ARES (AIRBORNE REMOTE EARTH SENSING) 1559 .................................... P.33 ARGUS (TWO-CHANNEL ATMOSPHERIC TRACER INSTRUMENT) 1561 ....................... P.34 ARL (AIRBORNE RAMAN LIDAR) 1563 ............................................. P.35 ARMAR (AIRBORNE RAIN MAPPING RADAR) 1564 .................................. P.36 ASAS (ADVANCED SOLID-STATE ARRAY SPECTRORADIOMETER) 1565 ....................... P.37 ATHOS (AIRBORNE TROPOSPHERIC HYDROGEN OXIDE SENSOR) 1566 ..................... P.38 ATLAS (AIRBORNE TUNABLE LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER) 1567 .................... P.39 ATLAS (AIRBORNE TERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS SCANNER) 1568 ........................... P.40 ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS ON COMMERCIAL AIRLINE FLIGHTS 1570 .................... P.40.1 MOZAIC (MEASUREMENT OF OZONE BY AIRBUS IN-SERVICE AIRCRAFT) 1570 ....... P.40.2 ACORN 1571 ........................................................ P.40.3 CARIBIC 1572 ....................................................... P.40.4 ASE (AUTOMATIC AIR-SAMPLING EQUIPMENT) 1574 .......................... P.41 ATSS (AIRBORNE TERRAIN SURVEY SYSTEM) 1576 ..................................... P.41.1 SCALARS-2 (SCANNING LASER ALTITUDE AND REFLECTANCE SENSOR) 1577 .......... P.42 AVIRIS (AIRBORNE VISIBLE/INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1578 ..................... P.43 AWI SENSORS 1581 ............................................................ P.43.1 PS100EL LASER ALTIMETER 1581 ......................................... P.43.2 AWSR (AIRBORNE WATER SUBSTANCE RADIOMETER) 1582 ...................... P.44 B-FLUX (BOUNDARY-LAYER FLUX SYSTEM) 1582 ...................................... P.45 CAESAR 1585 .............................................................. P.46 CALS (CLOUD AND AEROSOL LIDAR SYSTEM) 1586 .................................... P.47 CAMS (CALIBRATED AIRBORNE MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1587 .......................... P.48 CAR (CLOUD ABSORPTION RADIOMETER) 1587 ...................................... P.49 CARABAS (COHERENT ALL RADIO BAND SENSING) 1589 .............................. P.50 CASI (COMPACT AIRBORNE SPECTROGRAPHIC IMAGER) 1592 ............................ P.51 CASI-2 (COMPACT AIRBORNE SPECTROGRAPHIC IMAGER - 2) 1593 ........................ P.52 CAST EYES 1594 ............................................................... P.53 CHINESE AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS 1596 ............................................. P.53.1 CIS (CHINESE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1596 ................................ P.53.2 AMS (AIRBORNE MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1597 .............................. P.53.3 TIMS (THERMAL IMAGING MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1597 ...................... P.53.4 PROTOTYPE SCANNER 1597 ................................................ P.53.5 MAIS (MODULAR AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1597 ..................... P.53.6 CASSAR (CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SAR) 1598 ....................... P.54 CHOPPY (CHOPPED PYRGEOMETER) 1599 ......................................... P.55 CHRISS (COMPACT HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH SENSOR) 1600 ............. P.56 CNC (CONDENSATION NUCLEUS COUNTER) 1601 ...................................... P.57 CRL RADAR/RADIOMETER 1602 .................................................. P.58 C-SCAT (C-BAND SCATTEROMETER) 1603 ........................................... P.59 C-STAR (CONICALLY-SCANNING TWO-LOOK AIRBORNE RADIOMETER) 1604 ................. P.60 CVI (COUNTERFLOW VIRTUAL IMPACTOR) 1605 ........................................ P.61 C/X-SAR 1605 ............................................................... P.62 D2P (DELAY/DOPPLER PHASE-MONOPULSE RADAR) 1608 ............................... P.63 DAEDALUS INSTRUMENTS (DIGITAL MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1609 ......................... P.63.1 ATM (AIRBORNE THEMATIC MAPPER) 1609 ................................. P.63.2 ANALOG BISPECTRAL INSTRUMENTS 1611 ..................................... P.63.3 ANALOG AND DIGITAL BISPECTRAL/MULTISPECTRAL INSTRUMENTS 1612 ............... P.63.4 AOCI (AIRBORNE OCEAN COLOR IMAGER SPECTROMETER) 1613 .................. P.63.5 AMS (AIRBORNE MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1614 .............................. P.63.6 TIMS (THERMAL INFRARED MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1615 ...................... P.63.7 WILDFIRE 1616 ........................................................ P.63.8 MIVIS (MULTISPECTRAL INFRARED AND VISIBLE SPECTROMETER) 1616 .............. P.63.9 MAS (MODIS AIRBORNE SIMULATOR) 1617 ................................. P.63.10 AHS (AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL SCANNER) 1618 ............................. P.63.11 ADC (AIRBORNE DIGITAL CAMERA) 1619 ................................... P.64 DARMS (DIGITAL AERIAL RIGHT-OF-WAY MONITORING SYSTEM) 1620 ..................... P.65 DEIMOS 1620 ................................................................ P.66 DLR LIDAR INSTRUMENTS 1621 ................................................... P.67 DMSV (DIGITAL MULTI-SPECTRAL VIDEO) 1624 ...................................... P.68 DOAS (DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY) 1624 ........................ P.69 DOE AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS IN ARM PROGRAM 1625 ................................ P.69.1 MPIR (MULTISPECTRAL PUSHBROOM IMAGING RADIOMETER) 1625 ................ P.69.2 CDL (CLOUD DETECTION LIDAR) 1626 ...................................... P.69.3 HONER (HEMISPHERICAL OPTIMIZED NET-FLUX RADIOMETER) 1627 ............. P.69.4 UAV-AERI (UAV ATMOSPHERIC EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER) 1628 ...... P.70 DO-SAR (DORNIER SAR) 1628 ................................................. P.71 DPA (DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ASSEMBLY) 1629 ................................... P.72 DRA-SAR (DEFENSE RESEARCH AGENCY SAR) 1631 ................................. P.73 DUAL POLARIZED 37 GHZ RADIOMETER 1632 ........................................ P.74 DUTSCAT (DUT AIRBORNE RADAR SCATTEROMETER) 1633 ............................ P.75 EDOP (ER-2 DOPPLER RADAR) 1633 ............................................. P.76 ELDORA/ASTRAIA 1635 .................................................... P.77 EMIRAD (ELECTROMAGNETICS INSTITUTE RADIOMETER) 1637 ........................... P.78 EMISAR (ELECTROMAGNETICS INSTITUTE SAR) 1638 .................................. P.79 EOS (OPTO-ELECTRONIC SCANNER) 1639 ............................................ P.80 ER-2 HIGH-ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT PROGRAM 1639 ....................................... P.81 ERASME (ETUDE RADAR DES SOLS ET DES MERS) 1641 ............................... P.82 ERIM AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS 1642 .............................................. P.82.1 M-5 (MICHIGAN-5 IMAGER) 1642 .......................................... P.82.2 M-7 (MAPPER MULTISPECTRAL TESTBED) 1643 ................................ P.82.3 P-3/SAR (ERIM/NAVY SENSOR) 1646 ..................................... P.82.4 DCS (DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM) 1648 ..................................... P.82.5 IFSARE (INTERFEROMETRIC SAR FOR DIGITAL TERRAIN ELEVATION DATA) 1650 ......... P.83 EROS DIGITAL IMAGERY AND PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS 1652 ............................ P.83.1 AIRBORNE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS PROGRAM (ASAP) 1653 ................... P.84 E-SAR (EXPERIMENTAL SAR) 1653 ............................................... P.85 E-SLAR (EXPERIMENTAL SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR) 1654 ........................ P.86 ESMR (ELECTRONICALLY SCANNED MICROWAVE RADIOMETER) 1655 ....................... P.87 ESTAR (ELECTRONICALLY STEERED THINNED ARRAY RADIOMETER) 1656 .................... P.88 FAST 1658 .................................................................. P.89 FIRS-2 (FAR INFRARED SPECTROMETER) 1658 ........................................ P.90 FIRSC (FAR INFRARED SENSOR FOR CIRRUS) 1660 ..................................... P.91 FISH (FAST IN-SITU STRATOSPHERIC HYGROMETER) 1661 ................................ P.92 FLASH (FOA LASER AIRBORNE SOUNDER FOR HYDROGRAPHY) 1661 ...................... P.93 FLI (FLUORESCENCE LINE IMAGER) 1662 ........................................... P.94 FOLPEN (FOLIAGE PENETRATION VHF IMPULSE SAR) 1663 ........................... P.94.1 GPR (GROUND PENETRATING RADAR) 1664 .................................. P.95 FTVHSI (FOURIER TRANSFORM VISIBLE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER) 1664 .................... P.96 GEOPHYSIKA M-55 STRATOSPHERIC AIRCRAFT 1665 ..................................... P.97 GER CORPORATION INSTRUMENTS 1666 ............................................. P.97.1 AAS (AIRBORNE ASTER SIMULATOR) 1666 ................................. P.97.2 DAIS-2815 (DIGITAL AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1667 .................. P.97.3 DAIS-7915 (DIGITAL AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1668 .................. P.97.4 DAIS-16115 (DIGITAL AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1669 ................. P.97.5 GER-63 CHANNEL SCANNER 1669 ......................................... P.97.6 DAIS-3715 (DIGITAL AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1670 .................. P.98 HARVARD ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY INSTRUMENTS 1670 ................................ P.98.1 OH/HO2 INSTRUMENT 1671 ............................................. P.98.2 CLO/BRO INSTRUMENT 1671 .............................................. P.98.3 H2O INSTRUMENT 1671 ................................................. P.98.4 O3 INSTRUMENT 1672 ................................................... P.98.5 CLONO2 INSTRUMENT 1673 .............................................. P.98.6 NO/NOY INSTRUMENT 1673 .............................................. P.98.7 CO2 INSTRUMENT 1673 ................................................. P.99 HELISCAT (HELICOPTER SCATTEROMETER) 1673 ..................................... P.100 HIS (HIGH-RESOLUTION INTERFEROMETER SOUNDER) 1674 .............................. P.101 HRSC (HIGH-RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA) 1676 .................................... P.101.1 HRSC-A (HIGH-RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA - AIRBORNE) 1677 ................. P.101.2 HRSC-A/RMK (HIGH-RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA - AIRBORNE/RMK) 1678 ...... P.102 HUT (HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY) INSTRUMENTS 1678 ......................... P.102.1 HUTRAD (HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY RADIOMETER) 1678 ............. P.102.1.1 NONIMAGING SUBSYSTEM OF HUTRAD 1679 ....................... P.102.1.2 IMAGING SUBSYSTEM OF HUTRAD 1679 .......................... P.102.2 HUTSCAT (HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCATTEROMETER) 1680 .......... P.102.3 HUTSLAR (HUT SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR) 1681 ..................... P.102.4 MINISCAT 1682 ..................................................... P.103 HYDICE (HYPERSPECTRAL DIGITAL IMAGERY COLLECTION EXPERIMENT) 1683 ............... P.104 HYMAP (HYPERSPECTRAL MAPPER) 1684 ........................................... P.105 IFSAR (INTERFEROMETRIC SAR) 1686 ............................................. P.106 IKI RAN AIRBORNE SENSORS 1687 ............................................... P.106.1 NIT (SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE REAL APERTURE RADAR) 1688 .................... P.106.2 MKF-6 (MULTISPECTRAL CAMERA) 1688 ..................................... P.106.3 NAMR (NADIR-LOOKING AIRBORNE MULTICHANNEL RADIOMETER) 1688 ............ P.106.4 DELTA-K SPECTROMETER 1689 ............................................ P.106.5 IKIRAD (IKI RADIOMETER) 1689 ........................................ P.106.6 K-BAND DUAL-FREQUENCY ATMOSPHERIC RADIOMETER 1689 ..................... P.106.7 MULTIPOLARIZATION K- AND KA-BAND POLARIMETERS 1690 ....................... P.107 INGARA (AUSTRALIAN AIRBORNE IMAGING RADAR SYSTEM) 1690 ....................... P.108 ISM (INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1691 ....................................... P.109 JAPANESE AIRBORNE SENSORS IN THE TRMM/ADEOS-II PROGRAMS 1692 ................. P.109.1 AMR (AIRBORNE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER) 1692 ............................ P.109.2 AMSS (ADVANCED MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1693 ............................ P.109.3 CAMPR (CRL AIRBORNE MULTIPARAMETER PRECIPITATION RADAR) 1694 .......... P.110 LAC (LARGE AREA COLLECTOR) 1695 .............................................. P.111 LARSEN (AIRBORNE SCANNING LIDAR) 1696 ....................................... P.112 LASAL (LARGE APERTURE SCANNING AIRBORNE LIDAR) 1696 ........................... P.113 LASE (LIDAR ATMOSPHERIC SENSING EXPERIMENT) 1697 .............................. P.114 LEAF (LASER ENVIRONMENTAL AIRBORNE FLUOROSENSOR) 1698 ......................... P.115 LEANDRE 1699 ............................................................. P.116 LFS (LASER FLUOROSENSOR) 1700 ................................................. P.117 LEICA RC30 (AERIAL CAMERA SYSTEM) 1702 ........................................ P.118 LIP (LIGHTNING INSTRUMENT PACKAGE) 1703 ........................................ P.119 LVIS (LASER VEGETATION IMAGING SENSOR) 1704 .................................... P.120 MACAWS (MULTI-CENTER AIRBORNE COHERENT ATMOSPHERIC WIND SENSOR) 1706 ......... P.121 MAMS (MULTISPECTRAL ATMOSPHERIC MAPPING SENSOR) 1707 ......................... P.122 MARA (MULTIMODE AIRBORNE RADAR ALTIMETER) 1708 .............................. P.123 MARSS (MICROWAVE AIRBORNE RADIOMETER SCANNING SYSTEM) 1709 ................... P.124 MASP (MULTIANGLE AEROSOL SPECTROMETER PROBE) 1710 ............................. P.125 MASTER (MODIS/ASTER AIRBORNE SIMULATOR) 1711 ............................. P.126 MCR (MULTISPECTRAL CLOUD RADIOMETER) 1713 .................................... P.127 MEIS (MULTI-DETECTOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL IMAGING SENSOR) 1714 ........................ P.128 MERES (MULTIFREQUENCY RADIOMETER FOR REMOTE SENSING OF THE SEA SURFACE) 1715 .... P.129 MIPAS (MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER FOR PASSIVE ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING) 1716 ........... P.129.1 MIPAS-LM (LABORATORY MODEL) 1717 .................................... P.129.2 MIPAS-B (MIPAS BALLOON) 1717 ........................................ P.129.3 MIPAS-B2 1718 ...................................................... P.129.4 MIPAS-FT (FLUGZEUG TRANSALL) 1719 ..................................... P.130 MIR (MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING RADIOMETER) 1720 ................................ P.131 MIRACO2LAS (MID-IR AIRBORNE CO2 LASER SPECTROMETER) 1720 ................... P.132 MIRAS (MICROWAVE IMAGING RADIOMETER WITH APERTURE SYNTHESIS) 1721 .............. P.133 MIROR (MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER WITH ROTATING RETROREFLECTOR) 1723 ............... P.134 MISI (MODULAR IMAGING SPECTROMETER INSTRUMENT) 1725 ........................... P.135 MITE (MEGAPIXEL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY CAMERA SYSTEM) 1726 ....................... P.136 MKIV (MARK-IV INTERFEROMETER) 1727 ........................................... P.137 MMS (METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM) 1728 ................................ P.138 MMW-SAR (MILLIMETER WAVE SAR) 1729 ........................................ P.139 MOBY (MARINE OPTICAL BUOY) 1731 ............................................. P.140 MSS-5000 (MARITIME SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM) 1732 ................................... P.140.1 SLAR (SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR) 1733 .............................. P.140.2 IR/UV (INFRARED/ULTRAVIOLET SYSTEM) 1733 ................................ P.140.3 MWR (SCANNING MICROWAVE RADIOMETER) 1733 ............................ P.140.4 CAMERA (PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA SYSTEM) 1734 ............................. P.140.5 VIDEO (VIDEO CAMERA SYSTEM) 1734 ..................................... P.140.6 THERMO (THERMAL RADIOMETER) 1734 .................................. P.141 MSS (MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER) 1734 .............................................. P.142 MTP (MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILER) 1735 ..................................... P.143 MTS (MILLIMETER-WAVE TEMPERATURE SOUNDER) 1736 ............................... P.144 MUSIC (MULTI-SPECTRAL INFRARED CAMERA) 1737 ................................... P.145 NAILS (NCAR AIRBORNE INFRARED LIDAR SYSTEM) 1738 ............................. P.146 NAPP (NATIONAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY PROGRAM) 1739 ............................... P.147 NASAR-1 (NASDA AIRBORNE SAR-1) 1740 ....................................... P.148 NASIC (NASA AIRCRAFT - SATELLITE INSTRUMENT CALIBRATOR) 1740 ...................... P.149 NAST (NPOESS AIRCRAFT SOUNDER TESTBED) 1742 ................................. P.149.1 NAST-I (NPOESS AIRCRAFT SOUNDER TESTBED - INTERFEROMETER) 1743 .......... P.149.2 NAST-M (NPOESS AIRCRAFT SOUNDER TESTBED - MICROWAVE SOUNDER) 1744 ..... P.150 NCARNOX (NCAR NOX CHEMILUMINESCENT SENSOR) 1745 ......................... P.151 NCAR ELECTRA AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION 1746 .................................... P.152 NEC-SAR (NEC CORPORATION SAR) 1747 ........................................ P.153 NOAA/AOC AIRBORNE PROGRAM 1749 ........................................... P.153.1 NOAA WP-3D DOPPLER RADAR SYSTEM 1750 .............................. P.153.2 SCAN STRATEGIES OF TDR 1752 ........................................... P.153.3 ASDL (NOAA AIRCRAFT SATELLITE DATA LINK) 1753 .......................... P.153.4 ODW (OMEGA DROPWIND SONDE) 1754 ................................... P.153.5 NOAA P-3 INFRARED RADIOMETERS 1754 ................................... P.153.6 AXBT (AIR EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH) 1755 .......................... P.154 NOAL (NOAA OZONE AIRBORNE LIDAR) 1755 ..................................... P.155 NPL INSTRUMENTS 1756 ........................................................ P.155.1 FTS (FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER) 1756 .............................. P.155.2 TDLHS (TUNABLE DIODE LASER HETERODYNE SPECTROMETER) 1757 .............. P.156 NS001 (THEMATIC MAPPER SIMULATOR) 1758 ....................................... P.157 NUSCAT (AIRBORNE KU-BAND SCATTEROMETER) 1758 ................................ P.158 OLS (OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR SYSTEM) 1760 ........................................ P.159 OVID (OPTICAL VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED DETECTOR) 1760 .......................... P.160 PBMR (PUSHBROOM MICROWAVE RADIOMETER) 1761 ................................ P.161 PERSEUS (UNMANNED HIGH-ALTITUDE RESEARCH AIRCRAFT) 1762 ...................... P.162 PHARUS (PHASED ARRAY UNIVERSAL SAR) 1764 .................................. P.163 PI-SAR (POLARIMETRIC AND INTERFEROMETRIC - SAR) 1766 ............................ P.164 PMS (PARTICLE MEASURING SYSTEMS INC.) INSTRUMENTS 1767 ........................... P.165 PMS (PORTABLE MULTICHANNEL SPECTROMETER) 1769 .................................. P.166 POLDER (AIRBORNE INSTRUMENT) 1771 .......................................... P.167 PORTOS 1773 ............................................................... P.168 PRIRODA AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS 1773 .......................................... P.169 PSR (POLARIMETRIC SCANNING RADIOMETER) 1775 .................................... P.170 RACS (ROTATING ANTENNA C-BAND SCATTEROMETER) 1777 ............................. P.171 RADIUS (MICROWAVE RADIOMETER) 1778 ........................................... P.172 RAMS (RADIATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM) 1779 ................................... P.173 RAMSES (RADAR AEROPORTE MULTI-SPECTRAL DETUDE DES SIGNATURES) 1780 ............. P.174 RENE 1781 ................................................................. P.175 RESSAC (RADAR POUR LETUDE DU SPECTRE DES SURFACES PAR ANALYSE CIRCULAIRE) 1782 .... P.176 RMK (REIHENMESSKAMMER - METRIC CAMERA) 1783 ................................ P.177 ROSIS (REFLECTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1784 ...................... P.178 ROWS (RADAR OCEAN WAVE SPECTROMETER) 1785 .................................. P.179 R-SLAR (RRL-SLAR) 1786 ................................................... P.180 SABL (SCANNING AEROSOL BACKSCATTER LIDAR) 1786 ................................. P.181 SASAR (SOUTH AFRICAN SAR) 1787 .............................................. P.182 SB-RAS AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS 1789 ............................................. P.182.1 MAKREL-2 LIDAR 1789 ............................................... P.182.2 SVETOZAR-3 LIDAR 1790 ................................................. P.182.3 M2M (MAKREL-2 MODIFIED) 1791 ........................................ P.183 SFSI (SWIR FULL SPECTROGRAPHIC IMAGER) 1791 .................................... P.184 SHOALS (SCANNING HYDROGRAPHIC OPERATIONAL AIRBORNE LIDAR SURVEY) 1792 .......... P.185 SILVACAM (REAL-TIME FALSE COLOR CCD VIDEO CAMERA) 1794 ...................... P.186 SLAR (SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR, NLR) 1795 ................................ P.187 SMIFTS (SPATIALLY MODULATED IMAGING FTS) 1796 ................................. P.188 SOFIA (STRATOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY FOR INFRARED ASTRONOMY) 1799 .................... P.188.1 PAYLOAD/INSTRUMENT COMPLEMENT 1799 ................................... P.188.2 COMPLEMENT OF GERMAN SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS 1803 ......................... P.188.3 COMPLEMENT OF US SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS 1804 ............................. P.189 SPECTRA-VIEW 1808 ............................................................ P.190 SRI LIDAR SYSTEMS 1809 ....................................................... P.190.1 ALPHA-1, -2 (AIRBORNE LIDAR PLUME AND HAZE ANALYZER) 1809 .............. P.190.2 RFUV (RAMAN, FLUORESCENT AND UV-DIAL LIDAR) 1811 .................... P.191 SSTR (SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE RADIOMETER) 1812 ................................ P.192 STAR (SEA-ICE AND TERRAIN ASSESSMENT RADAR) 1813 ............................... P.192.1 STAR-1 AND STAR-2 1813 ................................................. P.192.2 STAR-3I 1814 ........................................................ P.193 SUMAS/ASUR/RAL-SENSOR (SUBMILLIMETER RADIOMETERS) 1817 .................... P.194 SUNPHOTOMETER 1818 .......................................................... P.194.1 HIRAASS (HIGH RESOLUTION AIRBORNE AUTOTRACKING SUN SPECTROMETER) 1819 .. P.195 THOMAS (THZ OH MEASUREMENT AIRBORNE SOUNDER) 1819 ........................ P.196 TOPOSYS (SCANNING LASER SYSTEM) 1819 ........................................ P.197 TRWIS (TRW IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1820 ...................................... P.198 TSCC (TILT SCAN CCD CAMERA) 1821 ............................................ P.199 TU-134A (TUPOLEV FLYING LABORATORY) 1822 ...................................... P.199.1 SIR (SCANNING INFRARED RADIOMETER) 1822 ................................ P.199.2 IMARC (IMAGING MULTIFREQUENCY AIRBORNE RADAR COMPLEX) 1822 ........... P.199.3 AFA-41/10 (AERIAL FOTO APPARATUS) 1824 ................................. P.200 UMMCI 1824 ............................................................... P.201 VIFIS (VARIABLE INTERFERENCE FILTER IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1825 ..................... P.202 VIRL (VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED LIDAR) 1827 ..................................... P.203 VIS (VIDEO IMAGING SYSTEM) 1828 .............................................. P.204 WAOSS (WIDE-ANGLE OPTOELECTRONIC STEREO SCANNER) 1829 ......................... P.204.1 WAOSS (SPACEBORNE VERSION) 1829 ..................................... P.204.2 WAOSS (AIRBORNE VERSION) 1829 ....................................... P.204.3 WAAC (WIDE-ANGLE AIRBORNE CAMERA) 1830 ............................. P.205 WHIRL (WIDE-ANGLE HIGH-RESOLUTION LINE-IMAGER) 1830 .......................... P.206 WINDRAD (WIND RADIOMETER) 1831 ........................................... P.207 WIS (WEDGE IMAGING SPECTROMETER) 1832 ........................................ PART Q SURVEY OF CAMPAIGNS 1839 ................................. Q.1 CAMPAIGNS 1840 ............................................................. Q.2 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS 1920 ........................................... Q.2.1 INTERNATIONAL GEOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE PROGRAM 1921 ......................... Q.2.2 WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAM 1923 ...........................................
any_adam_object	1
author	Kramer, Herbert J.
author_facet	Kramer, Herbert J.
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dewey-sort	3550 228
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discipline	Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Bauingenieurwesen Geographie
edition	4. ed.
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illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-09T18:55:00Z
institution	BVB
isbn	3540423885
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009548493
oclc_num	48383527
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owner	DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-706 DE-634 DE-83 DE-11
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physical	XXIX, 1510 S. Ill., graph. Darst. CD-ROM (12 cm)
publishDate	2002
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publisher	Springer
record_format	marc
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spelling	Kramer, Herbert J. Verfasser aut Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors Herbert J. Kramer 4. ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2002 XXIX, 1510 S. Ill., graph. Darst. CD-ROM (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Engineering online library Remote sensing Equipment and supplies Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 gnd rswk-swf CD-ROM (DE-588)4139307-7 gnd rswk-swf Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 s DE-604 CD-ROM (DE-588)4139307-7 s SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009548493&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Kramer, Herbert J. Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors Remote sensing Equipment and supplies Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 gnd CD-ROM (DE-588)4139307-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4224344-0 (DE-588)4139307-7
title	Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors
title_auth	Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors
title_exact_search	Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors
title_full	Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors Herbert J. Kramer
title_fullStr	Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors Herbert J. Kramer
title_full_unstemmed	Observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors Herbert J. Kramer
title_short	Observation of the earth and its environment
title_sort	observation of the earth and its environment survey of missions and sensors
title_sub	survey of missions and sensors
topic	Remote sensing Equipment and supplies Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 gnd CD-ROM (DE-588)4139307-7 gnd
topic_facet	Remote sensing Equipment and supplies Satellitenfernerkundung CD-ROM
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009548493&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT kramerherbertj observationoftheearthanditsenvironmentsurveyofmissionsandsensors

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