Streamlined life cycle assessment:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Prentice Hall
1998
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 310 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0136074251 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Graedel, Thomas E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Streamlined life cycle assessment |c Thomas E. Graedel |
| 264 | 1 | |a Upper Saddle River, NJ |b Prentice Hall |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a X, 310 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Ecologische aspecten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Levenscyclus (techniek) |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Product life cycle |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Produktlebenszyklus |0 (DE-588)4135136-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Produktlebenszyklus |0 (DE-588)4135136-8 |D s |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009537446 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128783272247296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ~â„¢jss| Contents
jj 1 THE GRAND OBJECTIVES 1
1.1 Activities of a Technological Society 1
1.2 The Technological Process 2
1.3 Defining the Grand Objectives 3
1.4 The Crucial Environmental Concerns 6
1.5 Targeted Activities of Technological Societies 9
1.6 Directed Actions for an Industrialized Society 9
1.7 Multi Objective Decision Making 13
1.8 Approaches to Assessment 16
Further Reading 16
Exercises 17
2 THE CONCEPT OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 18
2.1 The Life Cycle of Industrial Products 18
2.2 The LCA Framework 21
2.3 The Industrial Ecology Flow Cycle 24
Further Reading 28
Exercises 28
3 GOAL SETTING, SCOPE DETERMINATION, AND INVENTORY ANALYSIS 29
3.1 Goal Setting and Scope Determination 29
3.2 Defining Study Boundaries 30
3.2.1 Life Stage Boundaries 30
3.2.2 Level of Detail Boundaries 31
3.2.3 The Natural Ecosystem Boundary 31
3.2.4 Boundaries in Space and Time 32
3.2.5 Choosing Boundaries 32
3.3 The Functional Unit 34
3.4 Approaches to Data Acquisition 34
3.5 Process and Product Budgets 36
3.6 Allocation 39
iii
iv Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment
3.7 Case Study: Detergent Grade Surfactants 41
Further Reading 42
Exercises 43
4 IMPACT AND INTERPRETATION ANALYSIS 45
4.1 LCA Impact Analysis 45
4.2 Linking of Stressors and Impacts 47
4.3 Industrial Prioritization: The Netherlands VNCI System 49
4.4 Industrial Prioritization: The IVL/VOLVO EPS System 52
4.5 Industrial Prioritization: The Netherlands NSAEL Method 58
4.6 Interpretation Analysis 62
4.6.1 Prioritization Tables 62
4.6.2 Prioritization Diagrams 64
4.6.2.1 The Action Agent Prioritization Diagram 64
4.6.2.2 The Life Stage Prioritization Diagram 65
4.6.3 Aspects of Interpretation 66
Further Reading 66
Exercises 67
5 EVALUATING THE LCA PROCESS 69
5.1 System Boundary Considerations 69
5.2 Functional Unit Considerations 70
5.3 Data Limitation Considerations 70
5.4 Impact Assessment Considerations 71
5.4.1 Thresholds and Nonlinearities 71
5.4.2 Temporal Scales 73
5.4.3 Spatial Scales 74
5.4.4 Valuation 75
5.5 Pondering LCA Case Studies 76
5.5.1 Outdoor Clothing 76
5.5.2 Polyester Blouses 76
5.5.3 Grocery Sacks 78
5.5.4 Hot Drink Machines 78
5.5.5 Food Products 79
5.5.6 Computer Workstations 80
5.5.7 Disposable and Reusable Diapers 83
5.5.8 Retail Sale of Building Materials 84
5.5.9 Lithographic Printing Operations 84
5.5.10 Case Study Summary 84
5.6 Assets and Liabilities of the LCA Process 85
Further Reading 85
Exercises 86
Contents v
6 THE STREAMLINED LCA PHILOSOPHY 87
6.1 The Assessment Continuum 87
6.2 Preserving Perspective 88
6.3 Alternative SLCA Approaches 89
6.3.1 The Migros Concept 90
6.3.2 University of British Columbia s and IBM Corporation s
SLCA Approach 90
6.3.3 The Dow Chemical Company Matrix 90
6.3.4 The Monsanto Matrix 92
6.3.5 Motorola s SLCA Approach 92
6.3.6 Battelle s Pollution Prevention Factors Approach 93
6.3.7 Jacobs Engineering s SLCA Approach 95
6.4 Matrix Calculations 96
6.5 SLCA Assets and Liabilities 97
Further Reading 98
Exercises 98
7 PRODUCT ASSESSMENT BY SLCA MATRIX APPROACHES 99
7.1 The Manufacturing Challenge 99
7.2 Matrix Concepts 100
7.3 Target Plots 102
7.4 Assessing Generic Automobiles of Yesterday and Today 103
7.5 Discussion 108
Further Reading 110
Exercises 110
8 PROCESS ASSESSMENT BY SLCA MATRIX APPROACHES 111
8.1 Considerations in Process Assessment 111
8.2 Stages in Process Life Cycles 112
8.2.1 Resource Provisioning 114
8.2.2 Process Implementation 114
8.2.3 Primary Process Operation 114
8.2.4 Complementary Process Operation 115
8.2.5 Refurbishment, Recycling, Disposal 115
8.2.6 The Rating Matrix 116
8.3 The Approach to Process Analysis 116
8.3.1 The Process Itself 116
8.3.2 The Process Equipment 117
8.3.3 Complementary Processes 117
8.4 Assessing Generic Automobile Manufacturing Processes 118
8.4.1 Primary Process Descriptions 118
i Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment
8.4.1.1 Sand Casting 118
8.4.1.2 Die Casting 120
8.4.1.3 Metal Forming 121
8.4.1.4 Welding 122
8.4.1.5 Metal Plating 123
8.4.1.6 Painting 123
8.4.2 Complementary Process Descriptions 124
8.4.2.1 Trimming and Smoothing of Castings VIA
8.4.2.2 Metal Cleaning VIA
8.4.3 The Process Assessment 125
8.5 Conducting the Assessment and Prioritizing the Recommendations 127
Further Reading 132
Exercises 132
9 FACILITY ASSESSMENT BY SLCA MATRIX APPROACHES 134
9.1 Goals of Facility Assessment 134
9.2 Life Stages of Industrial Facilities 135
Stage 1: Site Development, Facility Development, and
Infrastructure 137
Stage 2a: Principal Business Activity: Products 137
Stage 2b: Principal Business Activity: Processes 138
Stage 2c: Facility Operations 138
Stage 3: Facility Refurbishment, Transfer, and Closure 138
9.3 Life Stages of Office and Residential Facilities 139
Stage la: Site and Infrastructure Development 139
Stage lb: Facility Development 139
Stage 2a: Facility Operations: Indoors 139
Stage 2b: Facility Operations: Outdoors 139
Stage 3: Facility Refurbishment, Transfer, and Closure 139
9.4 Assessment Approaches for Facilities 139
9.5 Assessing Generic Automobile Manufacturing Plants 142
9.6 Discussion 147
Further Reading 149
Exercises 149
10 SERVICES ASSESSMENT BY SLCA MATRIX APPROACHES 150
10.1 The Services Industry 150
10.2 Type Alpha Services: The Customer Comes to the Service 151
10.3 Type Beta Services: The Service Goes to the Customer 151
10.4 Type Gamma Services: Remote Provisioning 153
10.5 The Services Assessment Matrix 154
Stage 1: Site and Service Development 154
Stage 2: Service Provisioning 154
Contents vii
Stage 3a: Performing the Service 155
Stage 3b: Facility Operations 155
Stage 4: Site and Services Closure 155
10.6 Contracts for Buildings and Equipment 156
10.7 Assessments of Generic Services 156
10.8 The Services Economy 167
Further Reading 169
Exercises 169
11 INTEGRATED BUSINESS UNIT, CORPORATE, AND INTERCORPORATE
ASSESSMENT 170
11.1 Introduction 170
11.2 Integrated Product Assessments 170
11.3 Integrated Operations Assessments 173
11.4 Integrated Intercorporate Assessments 175
11.5 An Integrated Assessment Perspective 178
Further Reading 180
Exercises 180
12 ASSESSMENT OF SOCIETAL INFRASTRUCTURE 182
12.1 Infrastructure Systems 182
12.2 Matrix Approaches for Infrastructure Systems 183
Stage 1: Site Development 183
Stage 2a: Materials and Product Delivery 183
Stage 2b: Infrastructure Manufacture 183
Stage 3: Infrastructure Use 184
Stage 4: Refurbishment, Recycling, Disposal 184
12.3 Assessing the Automotive Infrastructure of Yesterday and Today 185
12.4 Discussion 190
Further Reading 190
Exercises 191
13 UPGRADED STREAMLINING 193
13.1 The Upgrading Concept 193
13.2 Bonus Scoring 193
13.3 Introducing Localization into SCLA Matrix Techniques 195
13.4 Weighting the Matrices by Consensus 203
13.5 Weighting the Matrices by the Grand Objectives 207
13.6 The Localized, Valuated SLCA 213
Further Reading 214
Exercises 214
/iii Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment
14 REVERSE LCAS 216
14.1 Introduction 216
14.2 Life Cycle Assessment of the Generic Washing Machine 216
14.2.1 The Washing Machine Life Cycle 211
14.2.2 Assembly Flow 218
14.3 Streamlined LCA of the Generic Washing Machine 220
14.3.1 The Matrix Approach 220
14.3.2 SLCA Assessment Results 223
14.4 Needs Based Approaches 223
14.5 Discussion 227
Further Reading 228
Exercises 229
15 THE ULTIMATE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 230
15.1 Breadth of Assessment 230
15.2 Efficiency and Tractability 230
15.3 Alternative Tools 231
15.4 The Industrial Ecologist as Physician 232
15.5 The Ultimate LCA 233
Further Reading 234
A ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE PRODUCT MATRIX: SCORING
GUIDELINES AND PROTOCOLS 235
B ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE PROCESS MATRIX: SCORING
GUIDELINES AND PROTOCOLS 250
C ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE FACILITIES MATRIX: SCORING
GUIDELINES AND PROTOCOLS 265
D ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE SERVICES MATRIX: SCORING
GUIDELINES AND PROTOCOLS 278
E ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE MATRIX:
SCORING GUIDELINES AND PROTOCOLS 291
F VALUES OF LOCALIZATION PARAMETERS FOR COMMON STRESSORS 305
INDEX 306
|
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| author | Graedel, Thomas E. |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:54:44Z |
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| isbn | 0136074251 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Graedel, Thomas E. Verfasser aut Streamlined life cycle assessment Thomas E. Graedel Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall 1998 X, 310 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ecologische aspecten gtt Levenscyclus (techniek) gtt Umwelt Product life cycle Environmental aspects Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 gnd rswk-swf Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009537446&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Graedel, Thomas E. Streamlined life cycle assessment Ecologische aspecten gtt Levenscyclus (techniek) gtt Umwelt Product life cycle Environmental aspects Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4135136-8 |
| title | Streamlined life cycle assessment |
| title_auth | Streamlined life cycle assessment |
| title_exact_search | Streamlined life cycle assessment |
| title_full | Streamlined life cycle assessment Thomas E. Graedel |
| title_fullStr | Streamlined life cycle assessment Thomas E. Graedel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Streamlined life cycle assessment Thomas E. Graedel |
| title_short | Streamlined life cycle assessment |
| title_sort | streamlined life cycle assessment |
| topic | Ecologische aspecten gtt Levenscyclus (techniek) gtt Umwelt Product life cycle Environmental aspects Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ecologische aspecten Levenscyclus (techniek) Umwelt Product life cycle Environmental aspects Produktlebenszyklus |
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