Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon:
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon |c Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira |
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Titel: Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon
Autor: Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes
Jahr: 2001
CONTENTS
Table of Contents i
List of Figure vii
List of Table ix
Acknowledgements xi
AUSFUHRLICHE DEUTSCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
1 Enleitung 1
1.1 Amazonien 1
1.2 Bodenqualitat und nachhaltige Landnutzung 3
1.3 Ziele der vorliegenden Arbeit 4
2 Beschreibung des versuchsstandortes 6
2.1 Standort 6
2.2 Klima 6
2.3 Geologie und Boden 7
2.4 Vegetation 8
2.5 Landnutzung, Versuchsanordnung und Flachen-Management 9
3 Der Einfluss der Landnutzung auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften 11
4 Der einfluss der Landnutzung auf die GesamtPorositSt und Die
ForengroBenverteilung 12
5 Die TDR-Technik zur Bestimmung des Bodenw assergehal ts 14
6 Bodennutzungseffekte auf die hydraulischen Eigenschaften 1S
6.1 Bestimmung der gesattigten hydraulischen Leitfahigkeit 17
6.1.1 Stechzylinder-Methode 17
6.1.2 Doppelring-infiltrometer 17
6.2 Bestimmung der ungesattigten hydraulischen Leitfahigkeit 18
6.2.1 Tensions-Infiltrometer 18
6.2.2 Augenblicksprofilsmethode (IPM) 18
6.3 Labor- und Feldbestimmung des BodenwasserruckhaltevermSgens 19
6.4 Inverse Simulation 19
7 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick 20
7.1 Bodennutzungeffekte 20
7.2 Bodenqualitat und Nachhaltigkeit der Landnutzungssysteme 21
Introduction
1 INTRODUCTION 25
1.1 The land use systems in the central Amazon 25
1.2 Soil quality and sustainable land use systems 27
1.3 Objectives 28
1.4 References 29
2 SITE DESCRIPTION 31
2.1 Localisation 31
2.2 Climate 31
2.3 Geology and the clayey Ferralsol 32
2.4 Vegetation 33
2.5 Land use, experiment design and management 34
2.5.1 Management of the experimental plots 37
2.6 References 37
3 LAND USE EFFECTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 40
3.1 Introduction 40
3.1.1 Evaluated physical properties 41
3.1.1.1 Bulk density 41
Ideal structure 42
3.1.1.2 Particle size distribution 43
3.1.1.3 Particle density 44
3.2 Material and methods 44
3.2.1 Study area 44
3.2.2 Soil sampling and analysed parameters 44
Weight-average method 46
3.2.3 Evaluated parameters 48
3.2.3.1 Bulk density 48
3.2.3.2 Particle size distribution 48
3.2.3.3 Particle density 48
3.2.3.4 Chemical parameters 49
3.3 Results and discussion 49
3.3.1 Bulk density 49
3.3.1.1 Agroforestry system 53
3.3.1.2 Monoculture of cupuafu 54
3.3.1.3 Monoculture of peach palm 55
3.3.1.4 Primary and secondary forest 56
3.3.2 Particle size distribution 57
3.3.3 Index of flocculation 59
3.3.5 Chemical parameters 62
3.3.6 Particle density 66
3.4 Conclusions 67
3.5 References 68
Appendix - Statistical rules 72
Analysis of variance 72
Model adequacy checking 74
Statistical Assumptions 74
Normality 74
Homogeneity of variances - Homoscedasticity 75
Independence 76
Additivity and residual analyses 77
Multiple comparisons 78
Contrast analysis 79
Confidence intervals following multiple comparisons 81
The interpretation of the p or value in comparison test 81
References 81
Bulk density data set and the complete statistical analysis 84
Data sets 88
4 LAND USE EFFECTS ON TOTAL POROSITY AND PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
4.1 Introduction 90
4.2 Material and methods 92
4.2.1 Study site 92
4.2.2 Soil sampling 92
4.2.3 Evaluated parameters 92
4.2.3.1 Total porosity 92
4.2.3.2 Soil water retention curve (SWRC) 92
Fitting equation to SWRC 93
Pore size distribution from SWRC 95
4.2.4 Statistical analysis 98
Introduction
4.3 Results and discussion 98
4.3.1 Profile 98
4.3.2 Soil surface 105
4.3.3 Land use effects on pore size distribution 111
4.3.3.1 Agroforestry system 111
4.3.3.2 Monoculture of cupuacu 116
4.3.3.3.Monoculture of peach palm 117
4.3.3.4 Primary and secondary forest 118
4.4 Conclusions 121
4.5 References 122
Appendix 126
5 EVALUATION OF SOIL WATER IN THE CLAYEY FERRALSOLS USING THE TOR
TECHNIQUE - A CALIBRATION STUDY
5.1 Introduction 131
5.2 Materials and methods 131
5.2.1 Site characteristics 132
5.2.2 Calibration equations 133
5.2.2.1 Empirical 133
Univariate 135
Multiple regression 136
5.2.2.2 Physically based equations ¦ 136
Alpha - 3 Equation 136
Alpha - 4 Equation 137
Maxwell-De Loor Equation 13 8
5.2.3 Data analysis 139
5.2.3.1 Criterions for goodness of fit 139
5.2.3.2 Sensitivity analysis and validation 140
5.4 Results and discussion 141
5.4.1 Variability of bulk density 141
5.4.2 Calibration with empirical equations 142
5.4.2.1 Univariate equations 142
5.4.2.2 Multivariate equations 145
5.4.3 Calibration with physically-based equations 148
5.4.4 Accuracy 151
5.4.5 Validation 151
5.4.6 Influence of soil characteristics on 8 determination under field conditions 153
5.4.6.1 Range of water contents 153
5.4.6.2 Temperature effects 154
5.4.6.3 Soil electrical conductivity 154
5.4.6.4 Technical characteristics and installation procedures 154
5.4.6.5 Magnetic effects 155
5.5 Conclusions 155
5.6 References 156
Appendix 160
6 LAND USE EFFECTS ON HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
6.1 Introduction 162
Theory and literature review 164
6.1.1 Equations for calculating water fluxes 164
6.1.1.1 Saturated flow 165
6.1.1.2 Unsaturated flow 165
6.1.2 Measuring soil hydraulic properties in tropical soils 166
6.1.2.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration 166
Disc infiltrometer 167
Rainfall simulators 168
Guelph permeameter 168
6.1.2.2. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity 169
Tension infiltrometer 169
Instantaneous profile method 170
6.1.2.3 Indirect methods and inverse solution 171
6.2 Material and methods 173
6.2.1 Study site 173
6.2.2 Soil sampling and the location of the soil profile 173
6.2.3 Saturated hydraulic conductivity 173
6.2.3.1 Constant head method 173
6.2.3.2 Disc infiltrometer 174
6.2.4 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity 175
6.2.4.1 Tension infiltrometer 175
6.2.4.2 Instantaneous profile method 178
Introduction
6.2.5 Indirect and inverse method 182
6.2.5.1 Inverse solution 183
6.2.6 Data analysis 185
6.2.6.1 Analysis of lognormal distributions 185
6.2.6.2 Testing the equality of a set of linear equations 187
6.2.6.3 Piecewise continuos regression for two segments 190
6.2.6.4 Scaling theory 192
6.3 Results and discussion 194
6.3.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity 194
6.3.1.1 Soil core method or constant head method 194
Representative elementary volume (REV) 195
6.3.1.2 Field saturated hydraulic conductivity 197
6.3.2 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity 204
6.3.2.1 Instantaneous profile method -IPM 204
Accuracy of prediction of K (6) estimated IPM 212
The function K(h) 214
6.3.2.2 Tension infiltrometer (TI) 217
Laboratory and field evaluation of soil water retentivity 226
6.3.3. Inverse simulation 229
Comparison between measured and simulated K vs. q relations 231
6.3 Conclusions 235
6.4 References 239
Appendix 247
Fortran Code -To test identity of models 249
7 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND ASPECTS TO BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED
7.1 Soil physical and hydraulical parameter investigated 252
7.2 Soil quality and sustainability of land use systems 254
List of tables
Table Description Page
3.1 Range of bulk density evaluated on different soil types in agroforestry systems on tropical 41
climate
3.2 Identification of the land use systems and plant species (scientific and common name) studied 45
3.3 Characteristics of the crown area, the estimated radii of influence, and the average area 46
influenced by plants and its management in different land use systems
3.4 Exploratory analysis of bulk density evaluated in different land use system 49
3.5 Analysis of variance using complete randomised block design with subsampling for 50
measurements of bulk density
3.6 Analysis of variance for the statistical hypothesis concerning the agroforestry system. 52
3.7 Analysis of variance for the statistical hypothesis concerning hypothetical land use systems. 53
3.8 Analysis of variance for the statistical hypothesis concerning the monoculture of cupuacu. 54
3.9 Analysis of variance for the statistical hypothesis concerning the monoculture of peach palm, 56
primary and secondary forest
3.10 Particle size distribution, index of flocculation, particle density and bulk density evaluated in a 57
profile.
3.11 Analysis of variance of particle size distribution evaluated in different land use systems 58
3.12 Exploratory analysis of indexes of flocculation evaluated in different land use systems 59
3.13 Soil chemical parameters evaluated in different land use systems 61
3.14 Physical and chemical parameters of the soil covered by primary forest 62
3.15 Analysis of variance of the chemistry parameters evaluated in different land use systems 63
3.16 Exploratory analysis of organic carbon evaluated in different land use systems 65
3.17 Analysis of variance of organic carbon evaluated in different land use systems 66
3.18 Exploratory analysis of particle density evaluated in different land use systems 67
4.1 Pore size classification and pressure range 97
4.2 Relationship between volumetric soil water content and soil water pressure head evaluate in soil 101
samples from a profile in a clayey Ferralsol
4.3 Relationship between volumetric soil water content and soil water pressure head evaluate in soil 102
samples collected at the soil surface in different land use systems
4.4 Estimated hydraulic parameters for soil water retention curves in different land use systems in a 106
clayey Ferralsol
4.5 Estimated hydraulic parameters for soil water retention curves at different depths in a clayey 107
Ferralsol
4.6 Relative volumetric fraction of the pores within various size ranges estimated from the soil near 120
different plant species
5.1 Volumetric soil moisture assessed gravimetrically, apparent dielectric number, soil bulk density, 134
and porosity measured in different land use systems
5.2 Empirical equations to estimate the volumetric water content with the apparent dielectric 135
number
5.3 Comparison between several procedures of computing multivariate regressions of the apparent 135
dielectric number and bulk density as predictor of volumetric soil water content
5.4 Physically based equations to estimate the volumetric soil water content using the apparent 139
dielectric number of the soil components
5.5 Parameters used in physical models to calibrate the relationship between dielectric number and 146
volumetric water content determined gravimetrically for the clayey Ferralsols
5.6 Volumetric soil moisture assessed gravimetrically, apparent dielectric number, soil bulk density 152
and porosity used in an validation study of TDR calibration equations for the clayey Ferralsol
5.7 Accuracy of different calibration equations for estimation of volumetric soil water content with 153
TDR
6.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Ks [cm d"'] evaluated by constant head method 195
Introduction
6.2 Saturated hydraulic conductivity evaluated in field conditions with double ring infiltrometer. 199
Results calculated with Ankeny method and with the direct application of Darcy law.
6.3 Saturated hydraulic conductivity evaluated at soil surface with disc infiltrometer. 201
6.4 Mean and variance of saturated hydraulic conductivity calculated with the maximum likelihood 203
method
6.5 Volumetric water content and matrix potential evaluated in different depths in an Instantaneous 205
profile method (IPM) experiment
6.6 Selection of smoothing equations to fit volumetric soil water content in function of time for 206
different depths
6.7 Volumetric soil water content estimated in different depths in relation to different times in the 206
IPM experiment
6.8 Selection of smoothing equations to fit soil water storage in function of time for different depths 207
hi the IPM experiment
6.9 Storage water content in different depths n function of time for different depths in the IPM 208
experiment
6.10 Instantaneous hydraulic conductivity in function of time for different layers evaluated with IPM 208
method.
6.11 Parameters of the Equation In K (8) = In Ko + [P (8-6o)] for different depths on a soil profile on 211
a clayey Ferralsols
6.12 Parameters estimated for testing the differences between the equations for common intercept 211
and parallelism for the depths 0-10,10-20 and 20-40 cm.
6.13 Parameters of the piecewise equations for the three depths on a soil profile on a clayey Ferralsol. 211
6.14 Parameters of the Equation lnK(h) = In K ,+[X. (h-h,,)] for different depths on a soil profile on 215
a clayey Ferralsol.
6.15 Parameters for testing the differences between the equations for common intercept and 215
parallelism for the depths of 0-10,10-20 and 20-40; 40-60; 60-80 and 80 - 90 cm.
6.16 Scope of infiltration measurements conducted with the tension infiltrometer 217
6.17 Coefficient of variation of the scale factors 219
6.18 Coefficients and statistical parameters of the piecewise regression for the positions between 221
peach palms in a monoculture.
6.19 Coefficients and statistical parameters of the functional relationship K(h) - Piecewise continuous 222
regression
6.20 Estimated hydraulic parameters of soil water retention curves for different depths 230
List of figures
Figure Description Page
2.1 Map of Brazil and the Brazilian Amazon 31
2.2 Layout of the plot of cupuacu monoculture 35
2.3 Layout of the plot of peach palm monoculture 36
2.4 Layout of the plot of agroforestry system 36
3.1 Graphical representation of spots areas" around stem caused by specific interactions of soil- 47
plant-management into the soil characteristics
3.3 Stacked bar of the particle size distribution evaluated on different land use systems 58
3.4 Graphical of indexes of flocculation, concentration of aluminium, concentration of calcium and 64
magnesium evaluate in soil samples collected at the soil surface
4.1 Box plot of the total porosity on a clayey Ferralsol 100
4.2 Measured values and fitted curves of soil water retention at depths 10,20,30,40,50,60 cm 108
4.3 Measured values and fitted curves of soil water retention at depths 70, 80,90 and 100 cm 109
4.4 Pore size density estimated of soil samples collected at different depths 111
4.5 Measured and fitted soil water retention curves from samples collected near different plants in 112
an agroforestry system
4.6 Measured and fitted soil water retention curves collected near different plants in monocultures 113
of peach palm, cupuacu and a secondary and the primary forest
4.7 Fore size density estimated near different plants in an agroforestry system and monoculture of 114
cupuacu
4.8 Pore size density estimated near different plants in a peach palm monoculture, and a secondary 115
and the primary forest
5.1 Scatter plot between apparent dielectric number and volumetric soil water content determined 143
gravimetrically
5.2 Scatter plot 1:1 between volumetric soil water content determined gravimetrically and 144
volumetric soil water content estimated with the Easy Test equation and the Malicki equation
5.3 Sensitivity analysis of the influence of bulk density on the estimation of volumetric SOU water 144
content with the Malicki equation
5.4 Coefficients of determination and adjusted coefficients of determination in relation to the 147
number of variable in a multivariate equation
5.5 Studentized deleted residual of the volumetric water content estimated with the quadratic 147
Equation; linear root square Equation and the multiple Equation
5.6 Studentized deleted residual of water content calculated with linear root square equation fitted 149
against bulk density
5.7 Sensitivity analysis about the influence of porosity on the estimation of volumetric soil water 150
content with Alpha-3 Equation
5.8 Studentized deleted residuals of water content calculated with Alpha-3 Equation using different 150
parameters. Studentized deleted residuals of water content calculated with Alpha 3 Equation
5.9 Deviation of raw residues estimated with linear root square Equation and Alpha-4 Equation 152
6.1 Scheme of the disc infiltrometer 177
6.2 Piecewise continuous regression scheme 193
6.3 Concept of similitude of Miller and Miller 194
6.4 Relationship between hydraulic conductivity and matric pressure head evaluated with tension 202
disc infiltrometer
6.5 Hydraulic total potential total and matric potential evaluated in the IPM experiment 210
6.6 Relationship between hydraulic conductivity and volumetric water content in different depths 213
evaluated in the IPM experiment
6.7 Relationship between hydraulic conductivity [In K] and matric potential [h] in different depths 214
evaluated in the IPM experiment
Introduction
6.8 Relationship between hydraulic conductivity [In K] and water pressure head [h-ho] in different 216
depths evaluated in the IPM experiment
6.9 Scatter of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity evaluated in different land use. Effect of using 218
relative hydraulic conductivity and scaling theory in the reduction of variability.
6.10 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil surface evaluate at 0.40 and 1.20m from the 220
trunks of peach palms
6.11 Unsaturated hydraulic function near plants of cupuacu, pueraria and grasses growing in a 223
clayey Ferralsol in the central Amazon
6.12 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity near different species of plant growing in the agroforestry 224
system
6.13 Laboratory and field data relating volumetric water content and matric pressure head 227
6.14 Profile specification and distribution of soil layers to perform the inverse solution of Richard's 229
equation for an IPM experiment using the Hydrus-ID code
6.15 Experimental and inversely estimated values of volumetric water content for different depths in 232
function of time in an IPM experiment
6.16 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimated with inverse modelling 233
6.17 Profiles of volumetric water content measured and inversely estimated for the IPM experiment 234 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Amazonastiefland (DE-588)4085668-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Amazonastiefland |
| id | DE-604.BV013912922 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-23T00:10:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009519022 |
| oclc_num | 76331528 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-12 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-12 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-634 |
| physical | XI, 255 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde und Bodengeographie der Univ. Bayreuth |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Bayreuther bodenkundliche Berichte |
| series2 | Bayreuther bodenkundliche Berichte |
| spelling | Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes Verfasser aut Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Bayreuth Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde und Bodengeographie der Univ. Bayreuth 2001 XI, 255 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bayreuther bodenkundliche Berichte 72 Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss., 2001 Latosol (DE-588)4205989-6 gnd rswk-swf Physikochemische Bodeneigenschaft (DE-588)4311151-8 gnd rswk-swf Amazonastiefland (DE-588)4085668-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Amazonastiefland (DE-588)4085668-9 g Latosol (DE-588)4205989-6 s Physikochemische Bodeneigenschaft (DE-588)4311151-8 s DE-604 Bayreuther bodenkundliche Berichte 72 (DE-604)BV049679111 72 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009519022&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon Bayreuther bodenkundliche Berichte Latosol (DE-588)4205989-6 gnd Physikochemische Bodeneigenschaft (DE-588)4311151-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4205989-6 (DE-588)4311151-8 (DE-588)4085668-9 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon |
| title_auth | Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon |
| title_exact_search | Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon |
| title_full | Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira |
| title_fullStr | Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira |
| title_full_unstemmed | Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira |
| title_short | Land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the Central Amazon |
| title_sort | land use effects on soil physical and hydraulic properties of clayey ferralsol in the central amazon |
| topic | Latosol (DE-588)4205989-6 gnd Physikochemische Bodeneigenschaft (DE-588)4311151-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Latosol Physikochemische Bodeneigenschaft Amazonastiefland Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009519022&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV049679111 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT teixeirawenceslaugeraldes landuseeffectsonsoilphysicalandhydraulicpropertiesofclayeyferralsolinthecentralamazon |