Investigating the social world: the process and practice of research
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Medienkombination Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]
Pine Forge Press
2001
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Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
Schriftenreihe: | The Pine Forge Press series in research methods and statistics
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | [Getr. Zählung] Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM |
ISBN: | 0761987274 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Brief Contents
Series Foreword / xix
Preface / xxi
Acknowledgments / xxvii
1 Science, Society, and Social Research / 1
2 The Process and Problems of Social Research / 30
3 Conceptualization and Measurement / 63
4 Sampling / 108
5 Causation and Research Design / 144
6 Experiments / 175
7 Survey Research / 207
8 Qualitative Methods: Observing, Participating, Listening / 263
9 Historical and Comparative Methods / 308
10 Data Analysis / 346
11 Multiple Methods in Context / 395
12 Reviewing, Proposing, and Reporting Research / 415
appendix A Summaries of Frequently Cited Research Articles / A l
appendix B Finding Information / B l
appendix C Questions to Ask About a Research Article / C l
appendix D How to Read a Research Article / D l
appendix E How to Use a Statistical Package / E l
appendix F Table of Random Numbers / F l
appendix G Using QSR NVivo for Qualitative Analysis:
An Extended Exercise / G l
appendix H Annotated List of Web Sites / H l
References / R 1
Credits / CR 1
Glossary/Index / lndex 1
Detailed Contents
Series Foreword / xix
Preface / xxi
Acknowledgments / xxvii
1 Science, Society, and Social Research / 1
Reasoning About the Social World / 2
Everyday Errors in Reasoning / 4
Overgeneralization / 5
Selective or Inaccurate Observation / 6
Illogical Reasoning / 8
Resistance to Change / 8
The Social Science Approach / 9
Motives for Social Research / 10
Social Research in Practice / 11
Description: Who Uses the Internet? / 13
Exploration: Can On Line Interaction Create a Virtual Community? I 13
Explanation: What Effect Does Internet Use Have on Social Relations? I 15
Evaluation: Does Universal High Speed Internet Access
Change Community Life? I 15
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods / 17
Strengths and Limitations of Social Research / 18
Validity and Social Research / 19
Measurement Validity / 20
Generalizability / 21
Causal Validity / 24
Conclusion / 25
KEY TERMS / 27
HIGHLIGHTS / 27
EXERCISES / 28
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 28
WEB EXERCISES / 28
SPSS EXERCISES / 29
2 The Process and Problems
of Social Research / 30
Social Research Questions / 32
Identifying Social Research Questions / 32
Refining Social Research Questions / 33
Evaluating Social Research Questions / 33
Feasibility / 34
Social Importance / 34
Scientific Relevance I 35
The Role of Social Theory / 35
Social Research Strategies / 37
Deductive Research / 38
Domestic Violence and the Research Circle / 41
Inductive Research / 42
An Inductive Approach to Explaining Domestic Violence / 43
A Qualitative Exploration of the Response to Domestic Violence / 44
Descriptive Research / 45
Social Research Philosophies / 46
Scientific Guidelines for Social Research / 48
Ethical Guidelines for Social Research / 51
Honesty and Openness / 51
The Uses of Science / 52
Research on People / 53
Conclusion / 56
KEY TERMS / 57
HIGHLIGHTS / 57
EXERCISES / 59
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 60
WEB EXERCISES / 61
SPSS EXERCISES / 61
3 Conceptualization and Measurement / 63
Concepts / 65
Conceptualization in Practice / 66
Substance Abuse / 66
Alcohol Effects I 67
Poverty I 67
Concepts, Constants, and Variables / 68
Measurement Operations / 69
Using Available Data / 71
Constructing Questions / 73
Single Questions / 73
Question Sets / 75
Indexes and Scales / 76
Making Observations / 80
Collecting Unobtrusive Measures / 82
Combining Measurement Operations / 83
Measurement in Qualitative Research / 85
Levels of Measurement / 85
Nominal Level of Measurement / 86
Ordinal Level of Measurement / 87
Interval Level of Measurement / 88
Ratio Level of Measurement / 88
The Case of Dichotomies / 90
Comparison of Levels of Measurement / 90
Evaluating Measures / 91
Measurement Validity / 91
Face Validity / 92
Content Validity / 92
Criterion Validity / 92
Construct Validity / 93
Reliability / 95
Test Retest Reliability / 95
Interitetn Reliability (Internal Consistency) I 96
Alternate Forms Reliability / 96
Interobserver Reliability / 97
Ways to Improve Reliability and Validity / 97
Conclusion / 101
KEY TERMS / 101
HIGHLIGHTS / 102
EXERCISES / 103
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 104
WEB EXERCISES / 106
SPSS EXERCISES / 106
4 Sampling / 108
Sample Planning / 109
Define Sample Components and the Population / 110
Evaluate Generalizability / 112
Assess the Diversity of the Population / 113
Consider a Census / 115
Sampling Methods / 117
Probability Sampling Methods / 119
Simple Random Sampling / 122
Systematic Random Sampling / 122
Cluster Sampling / 123
Stratified Random Sampling / 126
Nonprobability Sampling Methods / 130
Availability Sampling / 130
Quota Sampling / 131
Purposive Sampling / 133
Snowball Sampling / 134
Lessons About Sample Quality / 135
Estimating Sampling Error / 136
Determining Sample Size / 137
Conclusion / 138
KEY TERMS / 139
HIGHLIGHTS / 139
EXERCISES / 140
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 142
WEB EXERCISES / 142
SPSS EXERCISES / 142
5 Causation and Research Design / 144
Nomothetic Causal Explanation / 145
Experimental Design and the Criteria for Causal Explanation / 146
Association / 148
Time Order / 149
Nonspuriousness / 149
Mechanism / 151
Context / 152
Nonexperimental Designs and the Criteria for
Causal Explanation / 152
Cross Sectional Designs / 152
Longitudinal Designs / 157
Repeated Cross Sectional Designs / 160
Fixed Sample Panel Designs / 161
Event Based Designs / 163
Units of Analysis and Errors in Causal Reasoning / 164
Individual and Group Units of Analysis / 165
The Ecological Fallacy and Reductionism / 166
Causation in Qualitative Research / 168
Conclusion / 169
KEY TERMS / 170
HIGHLIGHTS / 170
EXERCISES / 172
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 172
WEB EXERCISES / 173
SPSS EXERCISES / 173
6 Experiments / 175
True Experiments / 176
Experimental and Comparison Groups / 177
Pretest and Posttest Measures / 179
Randomization / 179
Limitations of True Experimental Designs / 183
Summary: Causality in True Experiments / 183
Quasi Experiments / 185
Nonequivalent Control Group Designs / 185
Before and After Designs / 187
Ex Post Facto Control Group Designs / 189
Evaluation Research / 190
Validity in Experiments / 191
Causal (Internal) Validity / 192
Selection Bias / 192
Endogenous Change / 193
External Events / 194
Contamination / 194
Treatment Misidentification / 195
Generalizability / 196
Sample Generalizability / 196
External Validity / 197
Interaction of Testing and Treatment / 198
Ethical Issues in Experimental Research / 199
Deception / 199
Selective Distribution of Benefits / 200
Conclusion / 201
KEY TERMS / 202
HIGHLIGHTS / 203
EXERCISES / 204
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 205
WEB EXERCISES / 205
SPSS EXERCISES / 206
7 Survey Research / 207
Survey Research in the Social Sciences / 209
Attractions of Survey Research / 209
Versatility / 209
Efficiency / 209
Generalizability / 210
The Omnibus Survey / 210
Errors in Survey Research / 211
Writing Questions / 212
Avoid Confusing Phrasing / 213
Minimize the Risk of Bias / 216
Avoid Making Either Disagreement or Agreement Disagreeable / 217
Minimize Fence Sitting and Floating / 218
Maximize the Utility of Response Categories / 220
Designing Questionnaires / 221
Build on Existing Instruments / 222
Refine and Test Questions / 223
Add Interpretive Questions / 224
Maintain Consistent Focus / 226
Order the Questions / 227
Make the Questionnaire Attractive / 228
Organizing Surveys / 230
Mailed, Self Administered Surveys / 231
Group Administered Surveys / 236
Telephone Surveys / 237
Reaching Sample Units / 237
Maximizing Response to Phone Surveys / 238
In Person Interviews / 243
Balancing Rapport and Control / 244
Maximizing Response to Interviews / 245
Electronic Surveys / 247
Mixed Mode Surveys / 250
A Comparison of Survey Designs / 250
Ethical Issues in Survey Research / 253
Conclusion / 254
KEY TERMS / 255
HIGHLIGHTS / 255
EXERCISES / 257
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 260
WEB EXERCISES / 260
SPSS EXERCISES / 261
8 Qualitative Methods:
Observing, Participating, Listening / 263
Fundamentals of Qualitative Methods / 265
Origins of Qualitative Research / 268
Case Study: Making Gray Gold / 268
Participant Observation / 270
Choosing a Role / 272
Complete Observation / 272
Participation and Observation I 272
Covert Participation I 274
Entering the Field / 276
Developing and Maintaining Relationships / 278
Sampling People and Events / 280
Taking Notes / 283
Managing the Personal Dimensions / 286
Intensive Interviewing / 288
Establishing and Maintaining a Partnership / 290
Asking Questions and Recording Answers / 291
Combining Participant Observation and Intensive Interviewing / 292
Focus Groups / 293
Analysis of Qualitative Data / 295
The Phases of Analysis / 295
Use of Computers / 297
Evaluation of Conclusions / 298
Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research / 300
Conclusion / 302
KEY TERMS / 303
HIGHLIGHTS / 303
EXERCISES / 304
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 305
WEB EXERCISES / 306
SPSS EXERCISES / 307
9 Historical and Comparative Methods / 308
Overview of Comparative Historical Methods / 309
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches / 311
Historical Social Science Methods / 313
Historical Events Research / 313
Historical Process Research / 315
Comparative Social Science Methods / 317
Cross Sectional Comparative Research / 318
Comparative Historical Research / 319
Methodological Issues / 320
Using Secondary Data / 320
Measuring Across Contexts / 323
Sampling Across Time and Place / 324
Identifying Causes / 325
Special Techniques / 327
Demographic Analysis / 327
Content Analysis / 329
Oral History / 331
Counterfactual Thought Experiments / 334
Secondary Data Sources / 334
U.S. Bureau of the Census / 335
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) / 336
Other U.S. Government Sources / 337
International Data Sources / 337
Survey Datasets / 338
Ethical Issues in Comparative Historical Research / 339
KEY TERMS / 340
HIGHLIGHTS / 340
EXERCISES / 341
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 343
WEB EXERCISES / 344
SPSS EXERCISES / 345
10 Data Analysis / 346
Introducing Statistics / 347
Case Study: The Likelihood of Voting / 348
Preparing Data for Analysis / 349
Displaying Univariate Distributions / 352
Graphs / 354
Frequency Distributions / 358
Ungrouped Data / 358
Grouped Data I 359
Combined and Compressed Distributions I 361
Summarizing Univariate Distributions / 363
Measures of Central Tendency / 363
Mode I 363
Median / 364
Mean / 365
Median or Mean? / 365
Measures of Variation / 368
Range / 369
Interquartile Range / 369
Variance / 370
Standard Deviation / 371
Analyzing Data Ethically: How Not to Lie with Statistics / 372
Crosstabulating Variables / 373
Graphing Association / 376
Describing Association / 376
Evaluating Association / 379
Controlling for a Third Variable / 380
Intervening Variables / 380
Extraneous Variables / 382
Specification / 385
Analyzing Data Ethically: How Not to Lie About Relationships / 387
Conclusion / 388
KEY TERMS / 389
HIGHLIGHTS / 389
EXERCISES / 390
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 392
WEB EXERCISES / 392
SPSS EXERCISES / 393
1 1 Multiple Methods in Context / 395
Comparing Research Designs / 396
Combining Research Designs / 399
Quantifying Observational Data / 400
Case Study: Systematic Observation of Public Spaces / 400
Adding Qualitative Data / 401
Case Study: Juvenile Court Records / 401
Case Study: Mental Health System Effectiveness / 402
Case Study: Obedience to Authority / 402
Conducting Factorial Surveys / 403
Case Study: Wrongdoing in Japan and Detroit / 404
Extending Social Science Investigations / 405
Taking Context into Account / 406
Case Study: Juvenile Justice / 406
Recognizing Natural Processes / 406
Case Study: Adolescent Sexuality / 407
Performing Meta Analyses / 407
Case Study: Broken Homes and Delinquency / 408
Conclusion / 410
KEY TERMS / 412
HIGHLIGHTS / 412
EXERCISES / 412
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 413
WEB EXERCISES / 413
SPSS EXERCISES / 413
12 Reviewing, Proposing, and
Reporting Research / 415
Research Goals / 416
Advance Scientific Knowledge / 416
Establish a New Paradigm / 417
Shape Social Policy / 418
Organize Social Action / 418
Dialogue with Research Subjects / 419
Reviewing Research / 421
Case Study: AIDS Education Among the Homeless / 422
The Research Design / 422
Analysis of the Design / 423
Case Study: AIDS Education Among College Students / 426
The Research Design / 426
Analysis of the Design / 426
Proposing New Research / 428
Case Study: Treating Substance Abuse / 429
Reporting Research / 436
Writing and Organizing / 436
Ethics and Reports / 441
Conclusion / 442
KEY TERMS / 443
HIGHLIGHTS / 443
EXERCISES / 444
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL / 444
WEB EXERCISES / 445
SPSS EXERCISES / 445
APPENDIX A Summaries of Frequently Cited Research Articles / A l
APPENDIX B Finding Information / B 1
APPENDIX C Questions to Ask About a Research Article / C l
APPENDIX D How to Read a Research Article / D l
APPENDIX E How to Use a Statistical Package / E l
APPENDIX F Table of Random Numbers / F l
APPENDIX G Using QSR NVivo for Qualitative Analysis: An Extended Exercise / G l
APPENDIX H Annotated List of Web Sites / H 1
References / R l
Credits / CR 1
Glossary/Index / Index 1
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spelling | Schutt, Russell K. Verfasser aut Investigating the social world the process and practice of research Russell K. Schutt 3. ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] Pine Forge Press 2001 [Getr. Zählung] Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM The Pine Forge Press series in research methods and statistics Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 s 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009473949&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Schutt, Russell K. Investigating the social world the process and practice of research Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4014606-6 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
title | Investigating the social world the process and practice of research |
title_auth | Investigating the social world the process and practice of research |
title_exact_search | Investigating the social world the process and practice of research |
title_full | Investigating the social world the process and practice of research Russell K. Schutt |
title_fullStr | Investigating the social world the process and practice of research Russell K. Schutt |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the social world the process and practice of research Russell K. Schutt |
title_short | Investigating the social world |
title_sort | investigating the social world the process and practice of research |
title_sub | the process and practice of research |
topic | Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Empirische Sozialforschung Lehrbuch |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009473949&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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