Verfügbarkeit: Polymer synthesis: theory and practice

Polymer synthesis: theory and practice: fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Braun, Dietrich 1930-2021 (VerfasserIn), Cherdron, Harald (VerfasserIn), Ritter, Helmut (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2001
Ausgabe:	3. ed.
Schlagworte:	Makromolekulare Chemie - Praktikum Chemische Synthese Makromolekulare Chemie Polymere Analytische Chemie Praktikum
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XVI, 333 S.
ISBN:	3540416978

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MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Polymer synthesis: theory and practice \|b fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables \|c D. Braun ; H. Cherdron ; H. Ritter
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 PROPERTIES OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.1 MACROMOLECULES IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.2 MACROMOLECULES IN THE MOLTEN STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.3 MACROMOLECULES IN THE SOLID STATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.3.1 MACROMOLECULES IN THE AMORPHOUS STATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.3.2 MACROMOLECULES IN THE CRYSTALLINE STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.3.3 MACROMOLECULES IN THE ELASTOMERIC STATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.3.4 LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS (LCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.4 GENERAL LITERATURE ON MACROMOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.4.1 TEXTBOOKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.4.2 MONOGRAPHS AND HANDBOOKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.4.3 LABORATORY MANUALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.4.4 NOMENCLATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.4.5 JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.5 LIST OF GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.6 ABBREVIATIONS FOR TECHNICALLY IMPORTANT POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1.7 RELEVANT SI UNITS AND CONVERSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, PROCESSING, AND MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.1 METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2 PROCESSES FOR MANUFACTURING MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.2.1 PARTICULARITIES IN THE PREPARATION OF POLYMERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.2.2 POLYREACTIONS IN BULK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.2.2.1 HOMOGENEOUS POLYREACTIONS IN BULK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.2.2.2 HETEROGENEOUS POLYREACTIONS IN BULK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.2.3 POLYREACTIONS IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 VIII CONTENTS 2.2.4 POLYREACTIONS IN DISPERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.2.4.1 POLYREACTIONS IN SUSPENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.2.4.2 POLYREACTIONS IN EMULSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.2.5 GENERAL TECHNIQUES FOR PREPARATION OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN THE LABORATORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.2.5.1 SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.2.5.2 WORKING WITH EXCLUSION OF OXYGEN AND MOISTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.2.5.3 PURIFICATION AND STORAGE OF MONOMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 2.2.5.4 REACTION VESSELS FOR POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2.2.5.5 CONTROL AND TERMINATION OF POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 2.2.5.6 ISOLATION OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 2.2.5.7 PURIFICATION AND DRYING OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF MACROMOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 2.3.1 SOLVENTS AND SOLUBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2.3.2 DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 2.3.2.1 DETERMINATION OF SOLUTION VISCOSITY OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 2.3.2.2 DETERMINATION OF THE END GROUPS OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2.3.3 FRACTIONATION OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2.3.3.1 ANALYSIS OF FRACTIONATION DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2.3.3.2 FRACTIONATION ACCORDING TO THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION . . . . . . . . . . . 86 2.3.4 DETERMINATION OF GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE, SOFTENING POINT, MELTING RANGE, AND CRYSTALLITE MELTING POINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 2.3.4.1 DETERMINATION OF THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 2.3.4.2 DETERMINATION OF THE SOFTENING POINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 2.3.4.3 DETERMINATION OF THE MELTING RANGE AND THE CRYSTALLITE MELTING POINT. . . 89 2.3.5 DETERMINATION OF THE MELT VISCOSITY (MELT INDEX) OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . 91 2.3.6 DETERMINATION OF THE CRYSTALLINITY OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 2.3.7 DETERMINATION OF THE DENSITY OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 2.3.8 DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.3.8.1 THERMAL DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.3.8.2 CHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 2.3.9 OPTICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 2.3.10 DETERMINATION OF IMPORTANT GROUPS AND ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 2.3.11 CHARACTERIZATION OF COPOLYMERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 2.3.12 MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS ON POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 2.3.12.1 STRESS-STRAIN MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2.3.12.2 DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2.3.12.3 DETERMINATION OF IMPACT STRENGTH AND NOTCHED IMPACT STRENGTH . . . . . 104 2.3.12.4 DETERMINATION OF HARDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 2.4 PROCESSING OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 2.4.1 SIZE REDUCTION OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 2.4.2 MELT PROCESSING OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 2.4.2.1 PREPARATION OF POLYMER FILMS FROM THE MELT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 CONTENTS IX 2.4.2.2 MELT-SPINNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 2.4.3 PROCESSING OF POLYMERS FROM SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 2.4.3.1 PREPARATION OF FILMS FROM SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 2.4.3.2 SOLUTION-SPINNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 2.4.4 PROCESSING OF AQUEOUS POLYMER DISPERSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 2.5 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 3 SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES BY ADDITION POLYMERIZATION . . 111 3.1 RADICAL HOMOPOLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 3.1.1 POLYMERIZATION WITH PEROXO COMPOUNDS AS INITIATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 * EXAMPLE 3-1 THERMAL POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE IN BULK (EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 * EXAMPLE 3-2 EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 * EXAMPLE 3-3 BULK POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL ACETATE WITH DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 * EXAMPLE 3-4 POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL ACETATE WITH AMMONIUM PEROXODISULFATE IN EMULSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 * EXAMPLE 3-5 POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE WITH AMMONIUM PEROXODISULFATE IN ORGANIC SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 * EXAMPLE 3-6 BEAD POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL ACETATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 * EXAMPLE 3-7 POLYMERIZATION OF METHACRYLIC ACID WITH POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 3.1.2 POLYMERIZATION WITH AZO COMPOUNDS AS INITIATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 * EXAMPLE 3-8 BULK POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH 2,2-AZO- BISISOBUTYRONITRILE (EFFECT OF INITIATOR CONCENTRATION) . . . . . 126 EXAMPLE 3-9 BULK POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH 2,2-AZO- BISISOBUTYRONITRILE IN A DILATOMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 EXAMPLE 3-10 POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH 2,2-AZOBISISOBUTYRONITRILE IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 EXAMPLE 3-11 BULK POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE WITH 2,2-AZO- BISISOBUTYRONITRILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 3.1.3 POLYMERIZATION WITH REDOX SYSTEMS AS INITIATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 EXAMPLE 3-12 POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLAMIDE WITH AREDOX SYSTEM IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 * EXAMPLE 3-13 FRACTIONATION OF POLYACRYLAMIDE BY GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY IN WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 * EXAMPLE 3-14 POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE WITH A REDOX SYSTEM IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (PRECIPITATION POLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . 133 X CONTENTS * EXAMPLE 3-15 EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF ISOPRENE WITH A REDOX SYSTEM . . 134 * EXAMPLE 3-16 POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH REDOX SYSTEMS IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 3.1.4 POLYMERIZATION USING PHOTOLABILE COMPOUNDS AS INITIATORS . . . . . . . . . 136 * EXAMPLE 3-17 PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF HEXAMETHYLENE BISACRYLATE . . . . . . 136 3.1.5 POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN HOST-GUEST COMPLEXES IN WATER . . . . . . 137 * EXAMPLE 3-18 FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN HOST-GUEST COMPLEXES OF BUTYL ACRYLATE FROM HOMOGENEOUS AQUEOUS SOLUTION (PRECIPITATION POLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 3.2 IONIC HOMOPOLYMERIZATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 3.2.1 IONIC POLYMERIZATION VIA C=C BONDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 3.2.1.1 CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION WITH LEWIS ACIDS AS INITIATORS. . . . . . . . . . . . 143 * EXAMPLE 3-19 CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF ISOBUTYLENE WITH GASEOUS BF 3 AT LOW TEMPERATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 * EXAMPLE 3-20 CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF ISOBUTYL VINYL ETHER WITH BF 3 -ETHERATE AT LOW TEMPERATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 * EXAMPLE 3-21 CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF A -METHYLSTYRENE IN SOLUTION . . . . 146 3.2.1.2 ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION WITH ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS AS INITIATORS . . 147 * EXAMPLE 3-22 ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF A -METHYLSTYRENE WITH SODIUM NAPHTHALENE IN SOLUTION (LIVING POLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . 147 * EXAMPLE 3-23 STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH PENTYLSODIUM . 150 * EXAMPLE 3-24 PREPARATION OF ISOTACTIC AND SYNDIOTACTIC POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) WITH BUTYLLITHIUM IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . 152 * EXAMPLE 3-25 STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION OF ISOPRENE WITH BUTYLLITHIUM . . 153 3.2.2 IONIC POLYMERIZATION VIA C=O BONDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 * EXAMPLE 3-26 ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF FORMALDEHYDE IN SOLUTION (PRECIPITATION POLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 3.2.3 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 3.2.3.1 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC ETHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 * EXAMPLE 3-27 BULK POLYMERIZATION OF THF WITH ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE . . . 159 3.2.3.2 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC ACETALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 * EXAMPLE 3-28 POLYMERIZATION OF TRIOXANE WITH BF 3 -ETHERATE AS INITIATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 3.2.3.3 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC ESTERS (LACTONES) . . . . . . . . . . 163 * EXAMPLE 3-29 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF DILACTIDE WITH CATIONIC INITIATORS IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 3.2.3.4 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC AMIDES (LACTAMS) . . . . . . . . . 164 * EXAMPLE 3-30 BULK POLYMERIZATION OF E -CAPROLACTAM WITH ANIONIC INITIATORS (FLASH POLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 CONTENTS XI 3.2.3.5 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF OXAZOLINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 * EXAMPLE 3-31 SYNTHESIS OF A LINEAR, N-ACYLATED POLYETHYLENIMINE THROUGH CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF AN OXAZOLINE PREPARED FROM OCTANOIC ACID AND 2-AMINOETHANOL . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 3.3 METAL CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 3.3.1 POLYMERIZATION WITH ZIEGLER-NATTA CATALYSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 * EXAMPLE 3-32 POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE WITH ZIEGLER-NATTA-CATALYSTS . . . 171 * EXAMPLE 3-33 POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE ON A SUPPORTED CATALYST . . . . . 173 * EXAMPLE 3-34 STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION OF PROPYLENE WITH ZIEGLER-NATTA-CATALYSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 * EXAMPLE 3-35 STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH ZIEGLER-NATTA-CATALYSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 * EXAMPLE 3-36 STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE WITH ZIEGLER- NATTA-CATALYSTS: PREPARATION OF CIS-1,4-POLYBUTADIENE . . . . . 176 3.3.1.1 METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 * EXAMPLE 3-37 POLY(1-PENTENYLENE) BY METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOPENTENE WITH A ZIEGLER-NATTA-CATALYST IN SOLUTION . . 179 3.3.2 POLYMERIZATION WITH METALLOCENE CATALYSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 * EXAMPLE 3-38 METALLOCENE-CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION OF PROPYLENE TO HIGHLY ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 3.4 COPOLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 3.4.1 RANDOM AND ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 * EXAMPLE 3-39 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF METHACRYLIC ACID WITH N-BUTYL ACRYLATE IN EMULSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 * EXAMPLE 3-40 COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH METHYL METHACRYLATE . . . . 192 * EXAMPLE 3-41 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH 4-CHLOROSTYRENE (DETERMINATION OF THE REACTIVITY RATIOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 * EXAMPLE 3-42 CATIONIC COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH 4-CHLOROSTYRENE (DETERMINATION OF THE REACTIVITY RATIOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 * EXAMPLE 3-43 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH ACRYLONITRILE (DETERMINATION OF THE REACTIVITY RATIOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 * EXAMPLE 3-44 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH BUTADIENE IN EMULSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 * EXAMPLE 3-45 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE WITH ACRYLONITRILE IN EMULSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 * EXAMPLE 3-46 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE WITH VINYL ACETATE (INTERNAL PLASTICIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 * EXAMPLE 3-47 COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH METHYL ACRYLATE (INTERNAL PLASTICIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 * EXAMPLE 3-48 PREPARATION OF A STYRENE/BUTYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER DISPERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 XII CONTENTS * EXAMPLE 3-49 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH 1,4-DIVINYLBENZENE IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION (CROSSLINKING COPOLYMERIZATION) . . . 202 * EXAMPLE 3-50 CATIONIC COPOLYMERIZATION OF 1,3,5-TRIOXANE WITH 1,3-DIOXOLANE (RING-OPENING COPOLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . 202 * EXAMPLE 3-51 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 * EXAMPLE 3-52 RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOHEXENE WITH SULFUR DIOXIDE (ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 3.4.2 BLOCK AND GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 * EXAMPLE 3-53 PREPARATION OF A BLOCK COPOLYMER OF 4-VINYLPYRIDINE AND STYRENE BY ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 * EXAMPLE 3-54 PREPARATION OF A BUTADIENE-STYRENE BLOCK COPOLYMER . . . . . 208 * EXAMPLE 3-55 GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE ON POLYETHYLENE . . . . . . 209 3.5 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 4 SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES BY CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION AND STEPWISE ADDITION POLYMERIZATIO N . . . . . . . . . . . 212 4.1 CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION (POLYCONDENSATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 4.1.1 POLYESTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 4.1.1.1 POLYESTERS FROM HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 4.1.1.2 POLYESTERS FROM DIOLS AND DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 * EXAMPLE 4-1 PREPARATION OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BRANCHED POLYESTER FROM A DIOL AND A DICARBOXYLIC ACID BY MELT CONDENSATION . . 219 * EXAMPLE 4-2 PREPARATION OF A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT LINEAR POLYESTER FROM A DIOL AND A DICARBOXYLIC ACID BY CONDENSATION IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 4.1.1.3 POLYESTERS FROM DIOLS AND DICARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. . . . . . . . . . . 222 * EXAMPLE 4-3 PREPARATION OF A POLYESTER FROM ETHYLENE GLYCOLAND DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE BY MELT CONDENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 * EXAMPLE 4-4 PREPARATION OF A POLYCARBONATE FROM 4,4-ISOPROPYLIDENE- DIPHENOL (BISPHENOL A) AND DIPHENYL CARBONATE BY TRANSESTERIFICATION IN THE MELT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 EXAMPLE 4-5 PREPARATION OF A THERMOTROPIC, MAIN-CHAIN LIQUID CRYSTALLINE (LC) POLYMER BY INTERFACIAL POLYCONDENSATION . . . . . . . . . 225 * EXAMPLE 4-6 PREPARATION OF A LIQUID CRYSTALLINE (LC), AROMATIC MAIN-CHAIN POLYESTER BY POLYCONDENSATION IN THE MELT . . . . . . . . . . . 226 * EXAMPLE 4-7 PREPARATION AND CROSSLINKING (CURING) OF UNSATURATED POLYESTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 * EXAMPLE 4-8 PREPARATION AND CROSSLINKING (CURING) OF ALKYD RESINS . . . . . 230 CONTENTS XIII 4.1.2 POLYAMIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 4.1.2.1 POLYAMIDES FROM W -AMINOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 * EXAMPLE 4-9 PREPARATION OF AN ALIPHATIC POLYAMIDE BY POLYCONDENSATION OF E -AMINOCAPROIC ACID IN THE MELT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 4.1.2.2 POLYAMIDES FROM DIAMINES AND DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 * EXAMPLE 4-10 PREPARATION OF NYLON-6,6 FROM HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMMONIUM ADIPATE (AH SALT) BY CONDENSATION IN THE MELT . . . . . . . . . 235 4.1.2.3 POLYAMIDES FROM DIAMINES AND DICARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES . . . . . . . 236 * EXAMPLE 4-11 PREPARATION OF POLYAMIDE 6,10 FROM HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE AND SEBACOYL DICHLORIDE IN SOLUTION AND BY INTERFACIAL POLYCONDENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 * EXAMPLE 4-12 MICROENCAPSULATION OF A DYESTUFF BY INTERFACIAL POLYCONDENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 * EXAMPLE 4-13 SYNTHESIS OF A LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE AROMATIC POLYAMIDE FROM TEREPHTHALIC ACID DICHLORIDE AND SILYLATED 2-CHLORO-1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE BY POLYCONDENSATION IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 4.1.3 PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 4.1.3.1 ACID-CATALYZED PHENOL-FORMALDEHYE CONDENSATION (NOVOLAKS) . . . . . . 244 * EXAMPLE 4-14 ACID-CATALYZED PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION . . . . . 245 4.1.3.2 BASE-CATALYZED PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION (RESOLS) . . . . . . . 245 * EXAMPLE 4-15 BASE-CATALYZED PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION . . . . . 246 4.1.4 UREA- AND MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . 247 4.1.4.1 UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 * EXAMPLE 4-16 UREA-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 4.1.4.2 MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 * EXAMPLE 4-17 MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 4.1.5 POLY(ALKYLENE SULFIDE)S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 * EXAMPLE 4-18 PREPARATION OF A POLY(ALKENE SULFIDE) FROM 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE AND SODIUM TETRASULFIDE . . . . . . . . . . 252 4.1.6 POLY(ARYLENE ETHER)S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 4.1.6.1 POLY(PHENYLENE ETHER)S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 * EXAMPLE 4-19 PREPARATION OF POLY(2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYLENE ETHER) . . . . . . . 255 4.1.6.2 AROMATIC POLYSULFIDES [POLY(ARYLENE SULFIDE)S] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 4.1.6.3 POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE)S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 * EXAMPLE 4-20 SYNTHESIS OF POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE) FROM BISPHENOL A AND 4,4-DICHLORODIPHENYL SULFONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 XIV CONTENTS 4.1.6.4 POLY(ARYLENE ETHER KETONE)S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 EXAMPLE 4-21 PREPARATION OF A SUBSTITUTED POLY(ETHER ETHER KETONE) FROM 4,4-BIS(4-HYDOXYPHENYL)PENTANOIC ACID AND 4,4-DIFLUOROBENZOPHENONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 4.1.7 POLYMERS WITH HETEROCYCLIC RINGS IN THE MAIN CHAIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 4.1.7.1 POLYIMIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 EXAMPLE 4-22 PREPARATION OF A POLYIMIDE FROM PYROMELLITIC DIANHYDRIDE AND 4,4-OXYDIANILINE BY POLYCYCLOCONDENSATION . . . . . . . . 263 4.1.7.2 POLY(BENZIMIDAZOLE)S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 4.1.8 POLYSILOXANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 EXAMPLE 4-23 RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF A CYCLIC OLIGOSILOXANE TO A LINEAR, HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYSILOXANE WITH HYDROXY END GROUPS; CURING OF THE POLYMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 * EXAMPLE 4-24 EQUILIBRATION OF A SILICONE ELASTOMER TO A SILICONE OIL WITH TRIMETHYLSILYL END GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 4.2 STEPWISE ADDITION POLYMERIZATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 4.2.1 POLYURETHANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 4.2.1.1 LINEAR POLYURETHANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 * EXAMPLE 4-25 PREPARATION OF A LINEAR POLYURETHANE FROM 1,4-BUTANEDIOL AND HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE IN THE MELT . . . . . . . . . 270 * EXAMPLE 4-26 PREPARATION OF A LINEAR POLYURETHANE FROM 1,4-BUTANEDIOL AND HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE IN SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . 271 4.2.1.2 BRANCHED AND CROSSLINKED POLYURETHANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 4.2.2 EPOXY RESINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 * EXAMPLE 4-27 PREPARATION OF EPOXY RESINS FROM BISPHENOL A AND EPICHLOROHYDRIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 4.3 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 5 MODIFICATION OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 5.1 CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 * EXAMPLE 5-1 POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) BY TRANSESTERIFICATION OF POLY(VINYL ACETATE); REACETYLATION OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) . . . . . . . . . . 287 * EXAMPLE 5-2 PREPARATION OF POLY(VINYLBUTYRAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 * EXAMPLE 5-3 SAPONIFICATION OF A COPOLYMER OF STYRENE AND MALEIC ANHYDRIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 * EXAMPLE 5-4 PREPARATION OF LINEAR POLY(ETHYLENIMINE) BY SAPONIFICATION OF POLYOXAZOLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 * EXAMPLE 5-5 ACETYLATION OF CELLULOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 * EXAMPLE 5-6 PREPARATION OF TRIMETHYLCELLULOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 CONTENTS XV * EXAMPLE 5-7 PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE . . . . . . . . 292 * EXAMPLE 5-8 ESTERIFICATION OF CELLULOSE WITH P -TOLUENESULFONYL CHLORIDE . . 292 * EXAMPLE 5-9 ACETYLATION OF THE SEMI-ACETAL END GROUPS OF POLY(OXYMETHYLENE) WITH ACETIC ANHYDRIDE . . . . . . . . . . 293 5.2 CROSSLINKING OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 * EXAMPLE 5-10 CROSSLINKING OF CHLORINATED NYLON-6,6 BY IRRADIATION . . . . . . 295 * EXAMPLE 5-11 VULCANIZATION OF A BUTADIENE-STYRENE COPOLYMER (SBR) . . . . 297 * EXAMPLE 5-12 PREPARATION OF A CATION EXCHANGER BY SULFONATION OF CROSSLINKED POLYSTYRENE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 * EXAMPLE 5-13 PREPARATION OF A CATION EXCHANGER BY SULFONATION OF A PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION POLYMER . . . . . . . . . 301 * EXAMPLE 5-14 PREPARATION OF AN ANION EXCHANGER FROM CROSSLINKED POLYSTYRENE BY CHLOROMETHYLATION AND AMINATION . . . . . . . 301 5.3 DEGRADATION OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 * EXAMPLE 5-15 THERMAL DEPOLYMERIZATION OF POLY( A -METHYLSTYRENE) AND OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 * EXAMPLE 5-16 THERMAL DEPOLYMERIZATION OF POLY(OXYMETHYLENE) . . . . . . 305 * EXAMPLE 5-17 OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) WITH PERIODIC ACID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 * EXAMPLE 5-18 HYDROLYTIC DEGRADATION OF AN ALIPHATIC POLYESTER . . . . . . . 307 * EXAMPLE 5-19 HYDROLYTIC DEGRADATION OF CELLULOSE AND SEPARATION OF THE HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS BY CHROMATOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 5.4 MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS BY ADDITIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 5.4.1 ADDITION OF STABILIZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 * EXAMPLE 5-20 SUPPRESSION OF THE THERMO-OXIDATIVE CROSSLINKING OF POLYISOPRENE BY ADDITION OF AN ANTIOXIDANT . . . . . . . . . . 310 * EXAMPLE 5-21 SUPPRESSION OF THE THERMAL DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) BY ADDITION OF STABILIZERS . . . . . . . . . 311 5.4.2 ADDITION OF PLASTICIZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 * EXAMPLE 5-22 POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE IN PRESENCE OF PARAFFIN OIL (EXTERNAL PLASTICIZATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 5.4.3 ADDITION OF FILLERS AND REINFORCING MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 * EXAMPLE 5-23 PREPARATION OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL FROM AN UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN AND GLASS FIBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 5.5 MIXTURES OF POLYMERS (POLYMER BLENDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 5.5.1 PROPERTIES OF POLYMER BLENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 5.5.2 PREPARATION OF POLYMER BLENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 5.5.2.1 CONCERTED PRECIPITATION FROM SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 * EXAMPLE 5-24 PREPARATION OF POLYMER BLENDS FROM SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . 318 XVI CONTENTS 5.5.2.2 COPRECIPITATION OF POLYMER LATICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 5.5.2.3 MIXING OF POLYMER MELTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 * EXAMPLE 5-25 PREPARATION OF POLYMER BLENDS FROM THE MELT . . . . . . . . . . 320 5.5.2.4 POLYMERIZATION OF MONOMERS CONTAINING OTHER DISSOLVED POLYMERS . . . 321 5.6 STRETCHING AND FOAMING OF POLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 * EXAMPLE 5-26 PREPARATION OF FOAMABLE POLYSTYRENE AND OF POLYSTYRENE FOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 * EXAMPLE 5-27 PREPARATION OF A UREA/FORMALDEHYDE FOAM . . . . . . . . . . . 325 5.6.1 PREPARATION OF POLYURETHANE FOAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 * EXAMPLE 5-28 PREPARATION OF A FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM . . . . . . . . . . 327 * EXAMPLE 5-29 PREPARATION OF A RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM . . . . . . . . . . . 327 5.7 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 SUBJECT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
any_adam_object	1
author	Braun, Dietrich 1930-2021 Cherdron, Harald Ritter, Helmut
author_GND	(DE-588)143184113
author_facet	Braun, Dietrich 1930-2021 Cherdron, Harald Ritter, Helmut
author_role	aut aut aut
author_sort	Braun, Dietrich 1930-2021
author_variant	d b db h c hc h r hr
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV013823875
classification_rvk	UV 2100 VE 8000
classification_tum	CHE 702f CHE 720f CHE 730f
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)247898385 (DE-599)BVBBV013823875
dewey-full	547.28
dewey-hundreds	500 - Natural sciences and mathematics
dewey-ones	547 - Organic chemistry
dewey-raw	547.28
dewey-search	547.28
dewey-sort	3547.28
dewey-tens	540 - Chemistry and allied sciences
discipline	Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie
edition	3. ed.
format	Book
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indexdate	2025-02-20T06:42:13Z
institution	BVB
isbn	3540416978
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009454070
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physical	XVI, 333 S.
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publisher	Springer
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spellingShingle	Braun, Dietrich 1930-2021 Cherdron, Harald Ritter, Helmut Polymer synthesis: theory and practice fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables Makromolekulare Chemie - Praktikum Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd Makromolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4168684-6 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4133806-6 (DE-588)4168684-6 (DE-588)4046699-1 (DE-588)4129906-1 (DE-588)4127380-1
title	Polymer synthesis: theory and practice fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables
title_auth	Polymer synthesis: theory and practice fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables
title_exact_search	Polymer synthesis: theory and practice fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables
title_full	Polymer synthesis: theory and practice fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables D. Braun ; H. Cherdron ; H. Ritter
title_fullStr	Polymer synthesis: theory and practice fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables D. Braun ; H. Cherdron ; H. Ritter
title_full_unstemmed	Polymer synthesis: theory and practice fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables D. Braun ; H. Cherdron ; H. Ritter
title_short	Polymer synthesis: theory and practice
title_sort	polymer synthesis theory and practice fundamentals methods experiments with 31 tables
title_sub	fundamentals, methods, experiments ; with 31 tables
topic	Makromolekulare Chemie - Praktikum Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd Makromolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4168684-6 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd
topic_facet	Makromolekulare Chemie - Praktikum Chemische Synthese Makromolekulare Chemie Polymere Analytische Chemie Praktikum
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009454070&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT braundietrich polymersynthesistheoryandpracticefundamentalsmethodsexperimentswith31tables AT cherdronharald polymersynthesistheoryandpracticefundamentalsmethodsexperimentswith31tables AT ritterhelmut polymersynthesistheoryandpracticefundamentalsmethodsexperimentswith31tables

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