The complete history of American slavery:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Diego, Calif.
Greenhaven Press
2001
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The complete history of series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 642 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0737704241 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The complete history of American slavery |c James Miller, book ed. |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a American slavery |
| 264 | 1 | |a San Diego, Calif. |b Greenhaven Press |c 2001 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Schwarze. USA | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sklaverei | |
| 650 | 4 | |a African Americans |x History |y To 1863 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Slavery |z United States |x History | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Introduction
Chapter 1: The Atlantic Slave Trade
Introduction
1. The Triangle Trade: The Origins of the Slave Trade
By James L. Stokesbury
The Atlantic slave trade of the sixteenth through the early nineteenth
century was an important part of a triangular commercial network that
united Europe, West Africa, and the Americas.
2. An Account of a Slaver’s Successful Voyage
By John Newton
English slave trader John Newton describes his experiences in buying
and transporting human cargoes of West African slaves in the middle
of the eighteenth century.
3. The Middle Passage: A Slave’s Narrative
By Olaudah Equiano
Olaudah Equiano, a West African who was enslaved and sent to
America, wrote eloquently about his experiences, describing what the
dreaded “Middle Passage” was really like.
4. The Life of Olaudah Equiano
By E. V. Francis
A modem American historian traces the highlights of Olaudah
Equiano’s life as a slave and as an early antislavery spokesman.
5. Rationalizing African Slavery: Attitudes Toward Native Americans
and Blacks
By David Brion Davis
A leading American historian analyzes how Europeans of the
sixteenth through eighteenth centuries justified slavery in their
consciences.
6. The Myth of Jewish Slave Traders
By David Brion Davis
European and American Jews did not comply with the Atlantic slave
trade to the extent that some have claimed.
7. The Slave Trade to Eighteenth-Century Virginia
By Herbert S. Klein
17
27
28
36
41
46
51
55
61
Commercial trade in the Chesapeake region of the eighteenth century
possessed special characteristics that made it ideal for trading slaves.
Chapter 2: Beginnings of Slavery in English North America
Introduction 68
1. Slavery in the English Caribbean
By Richard S. Dunn 69
In the mid-seventeenth century the English sugar colonies, particu-
larly Barbados and Jamaica, pioneered many of the attitudes and insti-
tutions of slavery that were later transplanted to British North Amer-
ica.
2. Slavery Reaches the Chesapeake
By Winthrop D. Jordan 80
An overview of the circumstances of unfree African labor that first
appeared in England’s Chesapeake colonies in the early seventeenth
century.
3. Slavery Takes Root in Virginia
By Edmund S. Morgan 87
One of the great tragic paradoxes of American history is that the rise
of black slavery occurred in tandem with some of the earliest asser-
tions of democratic equality and freedom among whites.
4. Anthony Johnson: A Free Black Landowner in Seventeenth-Century
Virginia
By T.H. Breen and Stephen Innes 97
Not all the Africans in seventeenth-century Chesapeake were slaves;
some won their freedom and became respected property owners.
Chapter 3: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century North America
Introduction 105
1. A Black Majority in South Carolina
By Peter H. Wood 106
South Carolina was unique, both as a colony and as a state, in that its
black population outnumbered its white inhabitants. A modem Ameri-
can historian examines some of the implications of this situation.
2. Gullah: An African-Based Language
By Ruth A. Lee 109
Gullah, still spoken in coastal South Carolina and Georgia, is a “pid-
gin,” or artificial language, using elements of English, Spanish, Por-
tuguese, and various African tongues. It was constmcted by African-
born peoples who originally could understand neither each other nor
their white masters’ speech.
3. The Stono Rebellion
By Peter H. Wood
112
The Stono Rebellion in 1739 was the largest uprising of African
slaves in the history of British North America.
4. “Seasoning” in Virginia
By Lorena S. Walsh 118
Whether they came directly from Africa or from the West Indies,
slaves who arrived in eighteenth-century Virginia had to go through a
lengthy process of adjustment to the new realities of life that con-
fronted them.
5. African Slaves’ Reactions to Captivity
By Gerald W. Mullin 124
Slaves found many ways of resisting their bondage, but sometimes
patterns of resistance varied depending on how long they had lived in
America.
6. New York: Slavery in an Eighteenth-Century Northern Society
By Edgar J. McManus
Slavery was somewhat different in the northern and middle colonies,
compared with the Chesapeake and the Deep South, but the slaves’
lack of personal freedom was a constant everywhere.
7. An Account by an Early Quaker Abolitionist
By John Woolman
The Quaker religious movement in eighteenth-century America pro-
duced the first critics of the morality of slavery and the first advocates
of abolishing the institution.
Chapter 4: Slavery, the Revolution, and the Constitution,
1760-1787
Introduction 146
1. South Carolina Slaves During the Revolutionary War
By Sylvia R. Frey 148
Slaves in South Carolina, as in the other rebellious colonies, were at-
tracted to British offers of freedom, but they generally bided their
time, knowing that the British were also trying to woo masters by
promising to maintain slavery in return for loyalty to the crown.
2. Slavery at the Constitutional Convention
By James Madison 155
The existence of slavery in the southern states created a serious sec-
tional problem for the framers of the U.S. Constitution, as the jour-
nals of James Madison, the Father of the Constitution, make clear.
3. Celebrating the Constitution: A Dissent
By Thurgood Marshall 162
The first African American justice of the U.S. Supreme Court is pro-
foundly disturbed by the compromises over slavery that the framers of
the federal Constitution built into that document.
133
138
4. Post-Revolutionary Antislavery Impulses
By David Brion Davis 165
The American Revolution stimulated calls to abolish slavery in all
states north of the Chesapeake.
5. Slavery and Emancipation in New York
By Shane White 172
A profile of the advocates of emancipation in post-Revolutionary New
York, and the realities of local slavery that they encountered.
Chapter 5: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery
Introduction 181
1. Sally Hemings: Jefferson’s Mistress?
By Bernard A. Weisberger
Before fairly conclusive proof of a sexual liaison between Thomas
Jefferson and one of his slaves was offered by DNA analysis, a histo-
rian discusses the potential implications of such a relationship.
2. What the DNA Evidence Suggests About Jefferson’s Character
By Ken Ringle
How DNA evidence was offered that many consider conclusive proof
that Thomas Jefferson had a slave mistress.
3. The DNA Evidence: Unanswered Questions
By Leef Smith
Some critics still remain unconvinced that Jefferson and Sally Hem-
ings had a sexual relationship.
4. The Testimony of Jefferson’s Slave
By Brian McGinty
In old age, one of Thomas Jefferson’s slaves recalls his memories of
Jefferson.
5. Jefferson the Idealist
By Douglas L. Wilson 194
Despite his flaws, Jefferson remains a great man in the American tra-
dition.
Chapter 6: Revolts and Colonization, 1791-1831
Introduction 204
1. The Slave Owners’ Nightmare: The Haitian Revolution
By Philip D. Curtin 205
The slave revolt in France’s colony of Saint Domingue led to the es-
tablishment of the world’s first black republic, Haiti, and caused a
shiver of fear among slave owners in the southern United States.
2. Gabriel’s Insurrection
By Virginius Dabney
189
191
182
185
212
Gabriel’s Insurrection, a large-scale uprising planned in Virginia in
the summer of 1800, was barely averted when certain blacks informed
their masters of what they knew.
3. A Warning to White America: 1829
By David Walker 220
A free black living in Massachusetts warns whites that unless free-
dom is immediately given to enslaved blacks, blacks would have
every right to seize it, whatever the cost.
4. A Confession: 1831
By Nat Turner 223
Nat Turner allegedly confessed to his actions in his rebellion and that
confession was recorded by a white witness as Turner awaited execu-
tion. The confession offers a striking, if controversial, view of what
was going through Turner’s mind.
5. Why Both Abolition and Colonization Will Fail
By Thomas R. Dew 234
In the aftermath of Nat Turner’s failed uprising, a southern defender
of slavery predicts why slavery cannot be abolished and why plans to
deport Virginia’s slave population would lead to economic ruin.
6. Colonizing Liberia: One Solution to Revolt
By David Lindsay 238
White American advocates of colonization wanted to develop Liberia
as a place to which emancipated slaves could be removed.
Chapter 7: Slave Owners and the Economics of Slavery
Introduction 248
1. Slavery Was Profitable
By Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman 249
Nineteenth-century American slavery, for all its moral failings, was
economically successful.
2. Slave Owners and Non-Slave Owners: The Economics of Slave-Labor
Cotton Production
By Gavin Wright 259
A leading American economic historian explains the costs and the
choices that slave-owning southern whites who grew cotton faced.
3. The Leasing of Slaves Ensured the Institution’s Continuance
By Robert S. Starobin 266
Not all blacks held in bondage labored on plantations or in their mas-
ters’ houses; some were profitably leased to temporary masters.
4. Being Hired Out: An Interview with Ex-Slave Baily Cunningham
By Charles L. Perdue Jr., Thomas E. Barden, and Robert K. Phillips 268
An ex-slave recalls what it meant to be leased to a temporary master.
271
5. Rationalizing the Breakup of Slave Families
By Michael Tadman
The rationale slave owners used to justify to themselves and their fel-
low whites the practice of breaking up slave families by sale.
6. Being Sold: An Ex-Slave’s Narrative
By Delia Garlic 277
An aged ex-slave recalls painful memories of being sold.
7. Cherokee Slaveholders
By R. Halliburton Jr. 279
Some Native Americans, especially Cherokee, owned black slaves and
profited from their labor.
8. Black Slave Owners
By Philip Burnham 285
A few antebellum American slave owners were themselves black.
Chapter 8: A “Positive Good”
Introduction 293
1. Slavery Is a “Positive Good”
By John C. Calhoun 294
As slavery came under increasingly sharp attack by northern and
British abolitionists, and after Nat Turner’s rebellion showed how
dangerous a massive slave uprising would be, defenders of slavery
like South Carolina’s formidable senator John C. Calhoun developed
the argument that slavery was not merely a “necessary evil,” but a
“positive good.”
2. Proslavery Arguments
By Larry E. Tise 296
A modem American historian analyzes the range of arguments used
to defend slavery in antebellum America.
3. The Biblical Justification of Slavery
By Thornton Stringfellow 302
Many white southern Christians felt that the Bible justified slavery—a
viewpoint that antebellum ministers, such as the author of this extract,
strongly defended.
4. The White South’s Commitment to Slavery
By David M. Potter 305
Even non-slaveholding southern whites defended slavery and the
South’s commitment to the institution in the years leading up to the
Civil War.
5. Expanding Slavery
By Eugene D. Genovese 311
On the eve of the Civil War, slavery was an aggressively expansive in-
terest.
Chapter 9: Slaves’ Work
Introduction 316
1. Field Work
By Kenneth M. Stampp 316
Most adult slaves did heavy field work.
2. A Slave’s Work: An Ex-Slave’s Narrative
By George Fleming 320
An ex-slave recalls the kind of work routines that he had to perform.
3. The Slaves’ Work Ethic
By Eugene D. Genovese 323
Slaves had a distinctive pattern to their work habits, one strikingly
different from that of white Americans of the Industrial Age.
4. The Work Day: An Ex-Slave’s Narrative
By Charley Williams 327
Looking back from the 1930s, an ex-slave recalls his workday.
5. The Slave Driver
By Randall M. Miller 328
Plantation owners depended on black slave drivers to keep their
bondspeople working efficiently.
6. Slave Girls’ Training
By Elizabeth Fox-Genovese 335
Young slave girls received distinctive kinds of training in preparation
for their coming lives of service.
7. Slave Women as Field Workers
By Jacqueline Jones 341
Many slave women did field work alongside male slaves.
8. Hired-Out Slaves
By Kenneth M. Stampp 344
An overview of the work of a hired-out slave in the antebellum South.
Chapter 10: Slave Families and Communities
Introduction 348
1. The Slave Family
By John Blassingame 349
Despite slavery and the ever-present danger that loved ones would be
separated by sale, nineteenth-century American slaves did their best to
preserve strong family ties.
2. Kin Networks and Surrogate Families
By Flerbert G. Gutman 354
Knowing that sale might disperse families forever, slaves built wide
networks of kin and friends who could act as surrogate parents to
their children.
3. A Southern White Woman Deplores Sexual Abuse
By Mary Boykin Chesnut 358
It is deeply disturbing that slave women were in constant danger of
sexual abuse by their masters.
4. The Sexual Abuse of Slave Women
By Jacob Manson 360
In this vivid memoir, a former slave recalls how bondswomen were
targets of sexual abuse by their masters.
Chapter 11: Slave Religion and African American Culture
Introduction 364
1. The Slaves Assimilate Christianity
By Eugene D. Genovese 365
The conversion of slaves to Christianity, which occurred on a massive
scale in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, profoundly
shaped the emerging African American culture.
2. From Muslim to Christian
By Omar ibn Seid 371
It was very difficult for a slave to maintain and foster his Muslim
beliefs.
3. Coping with Slavery: Trickster Tales
By Charles Joyner 374
African-derived folktales were an important medium for educating
young African Americans in strategies for survival.
4. Songs of Work and Sorrow
By Dena J. Epstein 379
Contemporary observers noted how frequently and spontaneously en-
slaved African Americans sang, but their singing was often connected
with their work routines or expressed the sadness and tension that
filled their daily lives.
5. Singing: An Ex-Slave’s Narrative
By Vinnie Brunson 384
An aged ex-slave explains the circumstances under which black
bondspeople sometimes found solace in song.
Chapter 12: Resistance After 1831
Introduction 387
1. A Slave Tries to Run Away
By John Brown
387
Slaves often sought refuge in flight, but they were caught and re-
turned to their masters.
2. Fighting Back
By Frederick Douglass 390
Sometimes physically fighting back against a white slave master
could restore pride and dignity to the soul.
3. The Amistad Mutiny
By Helen Kromer 393
The mutiny of a band of Africans on their way to slavery in Cuba be-
came one of the most dramatic events in the history of nineteenth-
century North American slavery. After they seized control of their
ship, they drifted into U.S. waters and found themselves at the center
of a protracted legal battle over human rights.
4. The Absence of Large-Scale Slave Revolts
By John B. Boles 398
Massive slave rebellions broke out repeatedly in the West Indies and
Brazil; why not in the United States?
Chapter 13: White Abolitionists
Introduction 405
1. A White Eyewitness to Slavery
By Sarah Grimke 407
Slavery in Charleston, South Carolina, is so terrible that it must be
abolished.
2. William Lloyd Garrison Launches The Liberator
By Henry Mayer
William Lloyd Garrison’s defiant words with which he launched his
famous abolitionist paper, The Liberator, in 1831, have become
deeply etched in American history.
3. Garrison Faces the Boston Mob
By Robert Elliott MacDougall
Garrison almost paid with his life for his antislavery convictions.
4. Elijah Lovejoy: Abolitionist Martyr
By David W. Blight
Elijah Lovejoy was an American abolitionist who paid with his life
for his convictions.
5. An Attack on White Racism
By Lydia Maria Child 431
The core of northern white objections to the abolition of slavery are
the racist attitudes of most nineteenth-century American whites.
6. Was There Really an Underground Railroad?
By Larry Gara
411
419
424
439
The underground railroad by which large numbers of slaves suppos-
edly fled the slave states was largely a figment of antislavery whites’
imaginations. Most of the help that fugitive slaves received came
from their fellow blacks.
Chapter 14: Black Abolitionists
Introduction 447
1. Black Abolitionists and Antislavery Whites
By Benjamin Quarles 448
Black abolitionists often had to contend with white antislavery ac-
tivists in order to speak with their own distinctive voice.
2. Frederick Douglass
By Richard Connijf 453
A biographical sketch of Frederick Douglass’s life.
3. Sojourner Truth
By Elizabeth Shafer 460
A biographical sketch of Sojourner Truth’s life.
4. A Call for Resistance
By Henry Highland Garnet 465
Slaves must resist their owners by force if necessary.
5. “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”
By Frederick Douglass 469
To slaves, the Fourth of July is only a mockery of the idea of indepen-
dence and freedom, so long as slavery continues to be tolerated in the
land.
Chapter 15: Slavery and the Coming of the Civil War
Introduction 475
1. Boston Defies the Fugitive Slave Act
By Henry Mayer All
Attempts to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act in Boston and some other
northern communities galvanized the white public’s opposition to
slavery itself.
2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
By Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom s Cabin was a highly effective work of propaganda, skill-
fully presenting the facts of slavery as abolitionists understood as an
outrage against the core values of the northern white public.
3. Why Non-Slaveholding Southern Whites Support Slavery
By J.D.B. De Bow
Even non-slaveholding southern whites support the institution of
slavery.
482
490
4. Dred Scott’s Fight for Freedom
By Brian McGinty 495
The human story of Dred Scott, the slave who sued in federal court to
win his freedom, is often overlooked in historians’ discussions of his
fateful court case.
5. Dred Scott Remains a Slave
By Roger B. Taney
Blacks are too inferior to qualify for citizenship and the Missouri
Compromise must be nullified.
6. The Dred Scott Decision Should Be Condemned
By Frederick Douglass
Dred Scott should be freed from slavery.
7. John Brown’s Raid
By Allen Keller
John Brown’s misguided attempt to start a slave revolt at Harpers
Ferry is an important part of the history of American slavery.
8. A Plea for Captain John Brown
By Henry David Thoreau
John Brown is a heroic soldier of freedom, cast in the mold of the
old-time New England Puritans and Yankee Minutemen of 1775.
9. The Republicans and John Brown
By Richard H. Sewell
John Brown’s raid created a conundrum for the Republican Party,
which was antislavery but also did not want to interfere with the insti
tution in the southern states.
10. White Georgians Respond to John Brown’s Raid
By Clarence L. Mohr 518
The support that white northerners gave to John Brown’s raid con-
vinced many white Georgians that northerners wanted to abolish slav-
ery.
Chapter 16: The Civil War and the End of Slavery
Introduction 523
1. Maintaining Slavery in Wartime Georgia
By Clarence L. Mohr 523
Maintaining slavery in the South while most southern men were fight-
ing the war was difficult, even though there were no mass slave rebel-
lions.
2. Lincoln and Emancipation
By James Tackach 529
Military events and political considerations dominated Lincoln’s
decision-making as he moved toward emancipating slaves in the
rebellious South.
500
506
507
513
515
542
3. The Approach of the Yankee Army
By Leon F. Litwack
As the Yankee army entered the South, slaves remained cautious
about reacting too joyously until they knew more about the liberators.
4. Freedom: An Ex-Slave Remembers
By Boston Blackwell 547
An ex-slave recounts his experiences in the Union army to help the
cause of freeing the slaves.
Appendix of Documents 551
Chronology 578
Prominent People 586
Geographical Gazetteer 607
Glossary of Terms 610
For Further Reading 615
Major Subject List 623
Index 629
Picture Credits 642
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA |
| id | DE-604.BV013815374 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:52:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0737704241 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009446439 |
| oclc_num | 43894447 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-384 |
| physical | 642 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | Greenhaven Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The complete history of series |
| spelling | The complete history of American slavery James Miller, book ed. American slavery San Diego, Calif. Greenhaven Press 2001 642 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The complete history of series Geschichte Schwarze. USA Sklaverei African Americans History To 1863 Slavery United States History Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 Miller, James Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009446439&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The complete history of American slavery Geschichte Schwarze. USA Sklaverei African Americans History To 1863 Slavery United States History Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4055260-3 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The complete history of American slavery |
| title_alt | American slavery |
| title_auth | The complete history of American slavery |
| title_exact_search | The complete history of American slavery |
| title_full | The complete history of American slavery James Miller, book ed. |
| title_fullStr | The complete history of American slavery James Miller, book ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The complete history of American slavery James Miller, book ed. |
| title_short | The complete history of American slavery |
| title_sort | the complete history of american slavery |
| topic | Geschichte Schwarze. USA Sklaverei African Americans History To 1863 Slavery United States History Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Schwarze. USA Sklaverei African Americans History To 1863 Slavery United States History USA Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009446439&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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