Negotiating the frontier: translators and intercultures in Hispanic history
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brooklands, Manchester
St. Jerome Publ.
2000
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 265 S. |
| ISBN: | 190065024X 1900650258 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128566016737280 |
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| adam_text | NEGOTIATING THE FRONTIER TRANSLATORS AND INTERCULTURES IN HISPANIC
HISTORY ANTHONY PYM S T JEROME P U B L I S H I N G CONTENTS & ARGUMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XI INTRODUCTION 1 TRANSLATORS, INTERCULTURES, AND
HISPANIC FRONTIER SOCIETY IF WE WANT TO KNOW HOW CULTURES INTERRELATE,
IT IS WORTH LOOKING CLOSELY AT WHO THE INTERMEDIARIES ARE AND HOW THEY
WORK IN INTERCULTURES (OVERLAPS OF CUL- TURES, DEFINED BY CRITERIA OF
PROFESSIONALISM AND SECONDNESS ). THE FRONTIER SOCIETY OF THE HISPANIC
RECONQUISTA CONTAINED CERTAIN KINDS OF INTERCULTURAL GROUPS, THE
DEVELOPMENT OF WHICH CAN BE TRACED THROUGH LATER HISTORY. THE WORK OF
SUCH GROUPS CAN BE ANALYZED IN TERMS OF THE WAYS CULTURAL FRONTIERS ARE
AGREED UPON, AND THE MODES OF AGREEMENT CAN BE APPROACHED THROUGH NEO-
CLASSICAL NEGOTIATION THEORY AND THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF REGIMES. 1. THE
ABBOT S GOLD 13 IN 1142 THE ABBOT OF CLUNY VISITED HISPANIA AND
SPONSORED A LATIN TRANSLATION OF THE QUR AN. THIS SET THE SCENE FOR
LATER TRANSLATION ACTIVITIES IN TOLEDO. FOR- MULATED ON THE FRONTIER
BETWEEN CHRISTIAN AND ISLAMIC EUROPE, THE TRANSLATION PROJECT WAS
JUSTIFIED IN TERMS OF PROVIDING INFORMATION FOR A FUTURE DISPUTATION
THAT WOULD SAVE SOULS FROM THE HERESY OF ISLAM. HOWEVER, IN CALLING
FOR OPEN DEBATE ON THE BASIS OF TRANSLATION, THE ABBOT RISKED EXPOSING
THE SACRED TEXTS OF CHRISTIANITY TO THE SAME EXAMINATION. IN EFFECT THIS
MEANT SIDING WITH THE MAIN INTERCULTURAL WRITERS WORKING ON THE PROJECT,
WHO WERE MORE INTERESTED IN SCI- ENCE THAN RELIGION. THE ACTUAL
TRANSLATOR OF THE QUR AN THUS DID A SHODDY JOB, FOR WHICH HE WAS HAPPY
ENOUGH TO TAKE THE ABBOT S GOLD. THE CULTURE OF GENER- ALIZED
DISPUTATION, WHICH WOULD EVENTUALLY UNDO THE AUTHORITY OF THE CHURCH,
WAS THEN USED TO REMARKABLY LITTLE AVAIL AGAINST ISLAM. 2. TOLEDO AND
ALL THAT 34 DESPITE ALL THE TALK ABOUT A TWELFTH-CENTURY SCHOOL OF
TRANSLATORS IN TOLEDO, THE SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATING THAT TOOK PLACE THERE
REMAINS A POORLY UNDERSTOOD PHENOMENON. ATTENTION TO ITS POLITICAL
DIMENSION SUGGESTS THAT IT SHOULD NOT BE ATTACHED TO THE
STATE-SUBSIDIZED WORK CARRIED OUT UNDER ALFONSO X AFTER 1250 BUT IS
BETTER EXPLAINED IN TERMS OF CLUNIAC SPONSORSHIP OF THE FIRST LATIN
TRANSLATION OF THE QUR AN IN 1142. THIS APPROACH REVEALS GROUNDS FOR
POTENTIAL CONFLICT BETWEEN THE FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATORS AND THE
TOLEDO CATHEDRAL. SUCH CONFLICT WOULD NEVERTHELESS HAVE BEEN SMOOTHED
OVER BY CERTAIN TRANSLA- TION PRINCIPLES SERVING BOTH SCIENTIFIC AND
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. THE FOREMOST OF THESE PRINCIPLES WERE LITERALISM,
SECONDARY ELABORATION, THE USE OF TEAMWORK, NEGOTIATING THE FRONTIER THE
INFERIORIZATION OF NON-LATINIST INTERMEDIARIES, THE JUSTIFICATION OF
CONQUEST, AND THE ACCORDANCE OF AUTHORITY TO NON-CHRISTIAN TEXTS. THANKS
TO THIS SHARED REGIME, THE CHURCH HELPED SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATIONS TO
ENTER LATIN. 3. THE PRICE OF ALFONSO S LEARNING 56 THE MAINLY
PROTOSCIENTIFIC TRANSLATIONS CARRIED OUT AFTER 1250 FOR ALFONSO X OF
CASTILE ARE AMONG THE REASONS WHY THE KING HAS BEEN DUBBED THE
LEARNED . THE TRANSLATIONS WERE FROM ARABIC INTO CASTILIAN, ALTHOUGH
FURTHER TRANSLATIONS WERE MADE FROM CASTILIAN INTO LATIN AND FRENCH.
SOME HISTORIANS HAVE WIL- FULLY ATTACHED THESE COURT-ORGANIZED
ACTIVITIES TO THE PROPERLY TWELFTH-CENTURY TRANSLATIONS CARRIED OUT INTO
LATIN FOR THE TOLEDO CATHEDRAL, AS IF THERE HAD BEEN A MERELY LOGICAL
TRANSITION FROM CHURCH TO COURT. IT CAN BE ARGUED, HOWEVER, THAT THE
ALPHONSINE TRANSLATIONS RESULTED FROM A NATION-BUILDING LANGUAGE POLICY
THAT OPPOSED CHURCH POWER BY AVOIDING THE USE OF LATIN FOR TRANSLATIONS
FROM ARABIC. COUPLED TO THIS WAS A SPECIFIC EXTRANSLATION POLICY
DESIGNED TO WIN THE KING INTERNATIONAL PRESTIGE BY TRANSLATING FROM
CASTILIAN TARGET TEXTS AND USING LATIN WHEN REQUIRED. THESE TWO ASPECTS
OF THE GENERAL POLICY CORRESPONDED TO TWO TEAMS OF PROFESSIONAL
INTERCULTURAL MEDIATORS, COMPRISING MAINLY JEWS FOR THE WORK INTO
CASTILIAN AND ITALIANS FOR TRANSLATIONS FROM CASTILIAN. THE POLICY, AND
ITS ECONOMIC RESULTS, CAN BE COMPARED WITH SIMILARLY NATIONALIST
LANGUAGE POLICIES OPERATIVE IN EUROPE TODAY. 4. THE IMPORTANCE OF PAPER
80 SINCE THE INTRODUCTION OF PAPER-MAKING COINCIDED WITH THE TRANSLATION
TEAMS OF BOTH NINTH-CENTURY BAGHDAD AND THIRTEENTH-CENTURY CASTILE, ONE
MIGHT LE- GITIMATELY SPECULATE ON THE CONSEQUENCES THIS MATERIAL
TECHNOLOGY MIGHT HAVE HAD FOR MEDIEVAL TRANSLATION PROCESSES. ATTENTION
TO THE TRANSLATIONS COM- MISSIONED BY ALFONSO X FROM 1250 SUGGESTS THAT
THE USE OF PAPER WOULD HAVE ALLOWED INTERMEDIARY VERSIONS TO BE WRITTEN
OUT IN FULL AND CORRECTED, THUS PRO- MOTING INCREASED BUREAUCRATIZATION
AND STATE CONTROL OF TRANSLATION ACTIVITIES. COMPARISON WITH PRINT
CULTURE ALSO SUGGESTS THAT THE INITIAL USE OF PAPER EX- TENDED RATHER
THAN OPPOSED ORAL-BASED TRANSLATION PROCESSES, CHALLENGING THE IDEAL OF
THE DEFINITIVE TARGET TEXT IN MUCH THE SAME WAY AS COMPUTER-BASED
NETWORKING IS DOING TODAY. 5. A CHRISTIAN S RABBINIC BIBLE 90 IN THE
EARLY FIFTEENTH CENTURY THE GRAND MASTER OF THE ORDER OF CALATRAVA COM-
MISSIONED RABBI MOSE ARRAGEL TO TRANSLATE THE OLD TESTAMENT INTO
CASTILIAN AND TO PROVIDE NUMEROUS RABBINICAL GLOSSES, TO WHICH CHRISTIAN
GLOSSES WERE ADDED. THE RESULT, KNOWN AS THE BIBLIA DE ALBA, IS AN
APPARENTLY HYBRID DOCU- MENT BASED ON A COMPLEX NEGOTIATION OF CULTURAL
AND RELIGIOUS BOUNDARIES. FROM THE RABBI S EXPLICIT DOCUMENTATION OF THE
NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING PRO- CESSES, IT IS POSSIBLE TO FORMALIZE THE
PRINCIPLES USED FOR THE WRITING OF THE CONTENTS & ARGUMENTS VII GLOSSES
AND, ON THE BASIS OF SELECTED PASSAGES, FOR THE ACTUAL TRANSLATION
ITSELF, WHERE KEY TERMS ARE INVESTED WITH DOUBLE MEANINGS. THE RESULT IS
A FRONTIER WHERE A PROFOUNDLY RABBINIC BIBLE WAS EFFECTIVELY CONCEALED
BENEATH A CHRIS- TIANIZED SURFACE. 6. FROM TRASLAD- TO TRADUC- 109 IN
THE COURSE OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY THE SPANISH NAMES FOR TRANSLATION
CHANGED FROM THE MORPHOLPGY OF TRASLAD- (TRASLADADOR; TRASLADACION,
ETC.) TO VARIOUS FORMS OF TRADUC- (TRADUCTOR, TRADUCCION, ETC.). THIS
TRANSITION WOULD SEEM TO HAVE OCCURRED BETWEEN THE TIME OF THE BIBLIA DE
ALBA AND 1455, WHEN PERO DIAZ DE TOLEDO PRODUCED THE FIRST VERNACULAR
TRANSLATION OF PLATO. THE REASONS FOR THE CHANGE CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH
THE ITALIAN LEONARDO BRUNI, WHO NOT ONLY PROVIDED THE LATIN PLATO THAT
THE CASTILIAN TRANSLATOR WORKED FROM, BUT WAS ALSO ENGAGED IN A
WELL-KNOWN DEBATE WITH ALONSO CARTAGENA ABOUT THE NATURE OF TRANSLATION.
IT IS THUS IN TERMS OF THE CULTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CAS- TILE AND
ITALIAN HUMANISM THAT THE CHANGE IN THE NAMES FOR TRANSLATION IS TO BE
UNDERSTOOD. ALTHOUGH MANY OF THE CONDITIONS THAT INFORMED ITALIAN
HUMANISM DID NOT OBTAIN IN CASTILE AND THE VALUES OF NEWNESS AND
CROSS-CULTURAL PRESTIGE EFFECTIVELY COVERED OVER THOSE DIFFERENCES,
SPANISH THOUGHT UNDERWENT SIG- NIFICANT SEA-CHANGES WITH RESPECT TO THE
MEDIEVAL HIERARCHY OF LANGUAGES AND THE USE OF TRANSLATION FROM LATIN TO
DEVELOP THE VERNACULAR. ENTR ACTE: IMAGINARY SHIPS 132 ON 3 AUGUST 1492
COLUMBUS LEFT SPAIN IN SEARCH OF THE NEW WORLD. THE PREVIOUS DAY, TEN
SHIPS SET OUT FROM BARCELONA CARRYING EXPELLED JEWS TO A RATHER
DIFFERENT KIND OF CULTURAL EXPANSION. IN BOTH CASES, THE FRONTIER THAT
HAD DEFINED MEDIEVAL HISPANIA MOVED OUTWARD, AND VARIOUS INTERCULTURES
WERE DIS- PLACED ACCORDINGLY. 7. THE LANGUAGE OF EMPIRE 134 THE COLONIAL
EXPANSION OF CASTILIAN WAS BY NO MEANS AUTOMATIC. IT FOLLOWED
SIGNIFICANT STANDARDIZATION OF THE LANGUAGE AND ITS EXPANSION WITHIN
SPAIN IN THE LATE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. MORE IMPORTANT, IT WAS ONLY ONE OF
A NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF COLONIAL DOMINATION.
THE USE OF INTERPRET- ERS IN THE INITIAL VOYAGES OF CONQUEST GAVE WAY TO
THE PRESENCE OF MISSIONARIES, WHO ACTIVELY LEARNT AND DESCRIBED SOME OF
THE AMERINDIAN TONGUES. THE CON- SIDERABLE DEBATE OVER THE STATUS OF
THESE LANGUAGES CAN PARTLY BE UNDERSTOOD IN TERMS OF THE MEDIEVAL
HIERARCHY OF LANGUAGES, ALTHOUGH WHAT WAS AT STAKE WAS MORE PARTICULARLY
THE STANDARDIZATION OF LANGUAGES LIKE NAHUATL. ATTEMPTS TO DEVELOP
INTERCULTURAL GROUPS USING STANDARDIZED AMERINDIAN LANGUAGES WERE
ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF TRANSLATION, BUT THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF ACTIVE
AND VIII NEGOTIATING THE FRONTIER POTENTIAL TRANSLATORS FAILED TO SUPPLY
LASTING SOLUTIONS TO THE DEMANDS OF DOMI- NATION. IN TERMS OF REGIME
THEORY, THIS WAS LARGELY BECAUSE THE MISSIONARIES WHO WERE INTENT ON
PROTECTING LANGUAGES WERE AT THE SAME TIME ENGAGED IN THE IDEOLOGICAL
TRANSFORMATION OF THOSE SAME LANGUAGES. THIS IDEOLOGICAL CONTRA- DICTION
BECAME UNTENABLE, EVENTUALLY GIVING WAY TO THE USE OF CASTILIAN AS THE
LANGUAGE OF EMPIRE. 8. THE LANGUAGE OF EXILE 164 VIRTUALLY IN PARALLEL
WITH THE IMPOSITION OF CASTILIAN IN THE COLONIES, THE COUNTER-
REFORMATION IN MAINLAND SPAIN FORCED MANY MEMBERS OF INTERCULTURAL
GROUPS TO TAKE THE PATHS OF EUROPEAN EXILE. THIS PARTICULARLY CONCERNED
SCHOLARS INFLU- ENCED BY ERASMUS AND INSPIRED BY PROJECTS SUCH AS THE
COMPLUTENSE POLYGLOT BIBLE; IT MEANT THAT REPRESENTATIVES OF SPANISH
PROTESTANTISM ENTERED THE MAINSTREAM OF NORTHERN EUROPEAN LEARNING;
TRANSLATING THE BIBLE ACCORDINGLY. WITHIN SPAIN, THE TRIUMPH OF
CASTILIAN WAS ACCOMPANIED BY CULTURAL CLOSURE AND A RELATIVE DISTANCING
OF HUMANIST TRANSLATION PRACTICES. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRANSLATION
WITHIN SPAIN AND TRANSLATION AS CARRIED OUT BY SPANISH EXILES WOULD THEN
INFORM THE VARIOUS WAVES THAT WERE FORCED TO LEAVE AS A RESULT OF
SUBSEQUENT EXPULSIONS, RIGHT THROUGH TO THE MANY TRANSLATING EXILES OF
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. IN EFFECT, SPANISH INTERCULTURAL HISTORY OVER
THIS PERIOD CAN BE APPROACHED IN TERMS OF A PROFOUNDLY DIVIDED
TRANSLATION CULTURE THAT WAS NEVERTHELESS ABLE TO AGREE ON SOME POINTS.
9. A VOLCANO UNBAPTIZED 185 RUBEN DARIO S 1907 POEM MOMOTOMBO CITES
AND TRANSLATES A LINE FROM VIC- TOR HUGO THAT HELPS THE NICARAGUAN POET
TO UNDERSTAND HIS PRE-COLUMBIAN HOMELAND ( MOMOTOMBO IS A VOLCANO THAT
REFUSED TO BE BAPTIZED WITH A CHRIS- TIAN NAME). THE REASONS FOR THIS
VERY MARGINAL TRANSLATION PRACTICE CAN BE TRACED TO THE WAY COLONIAL
FRONTIER SOCIETY CONSTRUCTED CULTURAL VALUE IN TERMS OF PAS- SAGES TO
AND FROM WHAT WAS PERCEIVED AS THE CENTRE OF DEVELOPMENT, IN THIS CASE
PARIS. IN DARIO, SUCH PRACTICES ALLOW A TRAGIC FORM OF MUTUAL
EXOTICIZATION, IN WHICH BOTH THE CENTRE AND THE PERIPHERY ARE DENIED
SUBSTANCE. SYMBOLIC TRANSLATIONS, AT ONCE ALLOWING AND COVERING THE
PRESENCE OF FRENCH, NEVERTHE- LESS PERMITTED DARIO AND OTHER MODERNISTA
WRITERS TO FURNISH MARKERS OF CULTURAL DISTINCTION AND UPWARD MOBILITY
TO PRIVILEGED SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE COLONIES. THIS IN TURN FED INTO THE
NOTION OF A SUPRANATIONAL LATIN AMERICA AS PART OF A DECOLONIZING
DEVELOPMENT IDEOLOGY. 10. AUTHORSHIP IN TRANSLATION ANTHOLOGIES 197 IN
THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY THE MINOR INTERMEDIARIES FERNANDO MARISTANY
AND ENRIQUE DIEZ-CANEDO PRODUCED CASTILIAN ANTHOLOGIES OF TRANSLATED PO-
CONTENTS & ARGUMENTS IX ETRY. MARISTANY APPROACHED HIS ANTHOLOGIES AS A
PRIVATE MODE OF RETREAT AND REFINEMENT, WHEREAS DIEZ-CANEDO WORKED WITH
OTHER POETS, USING THE ANTHOL- OGY FORM AS A MODE OF CULTURAL
SOCIALIZATION. DESPITE THESE DIFFERENCES, BOTH INTERMEDIARIES WORKED
WITHIN AN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF NONTRANSLATIONAL AN- THOLOGIES, BASED
ON THE BRITISH PUBLISHERS GOWANS AND GRAY. THE PRINCIPLES OF THE
TRANSLATIONAL AND NONTRANSLATIONAL REGIMES MAY THUS BE COMPARED, REVEAL-
ING THAT THE USE OF TRANSLATION PARADOXICALLY ALLOWED THE SPANISH
INTERMEDIARIES A MORE AUTHORIAL STATUS THAN WAS THE CASE FOR THE
COMPILERS OF NONTRANSLATIONAL ANTHOLOGIES. 11. THE SYMBOLIC OLYMPICS 211
THE 1992 OLYMPIC GAMES IN BARCELONA HAD FOUR OFFICIAL LANGUAGES (ENG-
LISH, FRENCH, CASTILIAN, AND CATALAN), ALTHOUGH THE ROLE OF TRANSLATIONS
TO AND FROM CATALAN WAS PROGRESSIVELY REDUCED IN THE COURSE OF THE
OLYMPIAD. IN FACT, THE CATALAN TRANSLATORS MAY HAVE SYMBOLICALLY MADE UP
FOR THE ABSENCE OF A PROPERLY CATALAN OLYMPIC TEAM. ALTHOUGH THE USE OF
TRANSLATION FOR SUCH SYMBOLIC PURPOSES MAY BE QUESTIONED IN FINANCIAL
TERMS, IT DOES ACHIEVE CER- TAIN GOALS WHEN LIMITED BY A FIXED
TIMEFRAME. IN LONG-TERM SCENARIOS, HOWEVER, SERIOUS QUESTIONS MUST BE
RAISED ABOUT THE IDEOLOGICAL RETURNS ON SUCH MATE- RIAL INVESTMENTS. 12.
TRAINING FOR GLOBALIZING MARKETS 220 IF GLOBALIZATION IS UNDERSTOOD IN
TERMS OF CROSS-CULTURAL DISTANCE INCREASINGLY ENTERING THE PRODUCTION OF
CULTURAL PRODUCTS, MANY OF THE MODELS WE USE TO EXPLAIN TRANSLATION ARE
OF LIMITED VALUE. IN PARTICULAR, THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRO- FESSIONAL
CULTURES THAT HABITUALLY CROSS THE BOUNDARIES OF TERRITORIAL CULTURES
MEANS THAT COMMUNICATION MAY TAKE PLACE WHOLLY WITHIN THOSE PROFESSIONAL
CULTURES, AND THAT INTERMEDIARIES MAY THEMSELVES BECOME MEMBERS OF THOSE
SAME PROFESSIONAL CULTURES. THE RESULTING IMAGE IS ONE OF A VERY
SEGMENTED LABOUR MARKET FOR TRANSLATORS, WHERE MUCH PRAGMATIC
TRANSLATING REMAINS POORLY REMUNERATED AND UNPROFESSIONALIZED, WHEREAS
THE MOST GLOBALIZING SEC- TORS REQUIRE AND PAY FOR SKILLS THAT ARE IN
SHORT SUPPLY. WITHIN THIS CONTEXT, THE RAPID GROWTH OF
TRANSLATOR-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN SPAIN SINCE 1991 CANNOT BE SEEN AS A
WHOLLY POSITIVE RESPONSE TO MARKET DEMANDS. THAT GROWTH HAS IN- STEAD
HAD MUCH TO DO WITH THE INTERNAL DEMANDS OF THE SPANISH UNIVERSITY
SYSTEM. THE STRUCTURAL INTERCULTURALITY OF TRANSLATOR-TRAINING
INSTITUTIONS MAY NEVERTHELESS YET ALLOW THOSE INSTITUTIONS NOT ONLY TO
ADJUST TO THE DEMANDS OF GLOBALIZATION BUT ALSO TO PROMOTE CRITICAL
THOUGHT ON THE NATURE OF GLOBALIZA- TION ITSELF. REFERENCES 241 INDEX
259
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Pym, Anthony 1956- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172315603 |
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| discipline | Romanistik |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 1142-1999 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1142-1999 |
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| id | DE-604.BV013745757 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:51:16Z |
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| language | English |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 |
| physical | IX, 265 S. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | St. Jerome Publ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Pym, Anthony 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)172315603 aut Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history Anthony Pym 1. publ. Brooklands, Manchester St. Jerome Publ. 2000 IX, 265 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1142-1999 gnd rswk-swf Interkulturalität (DE-588)4519498-1 gnd rswk-swf Übersetzung (DE-588)4061418-9 gnd rswk-swf Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 gnd rswk-swf Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 s Übersetzung (DE-588)4061418-9 s Interkulturalität (DE-588)4519498-1 s Geschichte 1142-1999 z DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009396696&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pym, Anthony 1956- Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history Interkulturalität (DE-588)4519498-1 gnd Übersetzung (DE-588)4061418-9 gnd Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4519498-1 (DE-588)4061418-9 (DE-588)4077640-2 |
| title | Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history |
| title_auth | Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history |
| title_exact_search | Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history |
| title_full | Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history Anthony Pym |
| title_fullStr | Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history Anthony Pym |
| title_full_unstemmed | Negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in Hispanic history Anthony Pym |
| title_short | Negotiating the frontier |
| title_sort | negotiating the frontier translators and intercultures in hispanic history |
| title_sub | translators and intercultures in Hispanic history |
| topic | Interkulturalität (DE-588)4519498-1 gnd Übersetzung (DE-588)4061418-9 gnd Spanisch (DE-588)4077640-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Interkulturalität Übersetzung Spanisch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009396696&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pymanthony negotiatingthefrontiertranslatorsandinterculturesinhispanichistory |