The cytokine network:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2000
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Frontiers in molecular biology
25 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 199 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0199637032 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of contributors xiii
Abbreviations xv
1 A genomics approach to cytokine discovery 1
CRAIG A. ROSEN, MICHAEL R. FANNON, GIANNI GAROTTA, AND
STEVEN M. RUBEN
1. Introduction 1
2. cDNA based methods for high throughput gene discovery 1
2.1 Data analysis 2
2.2 Selection method for candidate genes 4
2.3 Case study of database analysis to identify a tissue specific cytokine 4
3. Identification of new chemokine family members 7
3.1 MPIF 1, a chemokine with stem cell inhibitory activity 7
4. Expansion of the TNF/TNF receptor repertoire 9
5. Database approaches toward high throughput discovery of novel
cytokines 13
References 16
2 Cytokine signal transduction 20
KEATS NELMS
1. Introduction 20
2. Initiation of signal transduction by cytokine receptors 20
2.1 Cytokine receptors 20
2.2 Activation of receptor associated tyrosine kinases 21
3. Cytokine signalling pathways 22
3.1 The Ras/mitogen activated protein kinase pathway 24
3.2 The phosphoinositide 3 kinase pathway 29
3.3 Pathways leading to gene activation 32
3.4 Pathways leading to cell death 37
viii | CONTENTS
4. Modulation of signal transduction pathways 39
4.1 Negative regulation of kinase activation 39
4.2 Negative regulation of the Ras/MAPK pathway 39
4.3 Regulation of signal transduction by phosphatases 41
5. Conclusion 42
References 43
3 Cytokine networks 49
FIONULA M. BRENNAN AND MARC FELDMANN
1. Introduction 49
2. Cloning cytokines and evaluating their functions 49
3. Analysis of cytokine activity in vivo 50
3.1 Cytokine transgenic mice 50
3.2 Cytokine knock out mice 51
4. Regulation of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis 52
4.1 What are the upstream cytokine inducers of the cytokine network in RA? 53
4.2 Cytokine interactions in animal models of arthritis 54
4.3 What regulates the cytokine network? 55
5. Immunoregulatory cytokines 56
5.1 Interleukin 10 56
5.2 Interleukin 11 57
5.3 TGF P 59
5.4 Interleukin 4 60
6. Cytokine inhibitors 61
7. What maintains the cytokine network in rheumatoid arthritis? 62
8. Demonstration of cytokine network interactions in vivo 63
8.1 Immunotherapy of RA 63
9. Concluding remarks 64
References 64
4 Cytokines and the Thl/Th2 paradigm 71
SERGIO ROMAGNANI
1. Definition of Thl and Th2 cells 71
2. Nature of Thl/ Th2 polarizing signals 73
2.1 Site of antigen presentation 73
CONTENTS | ix
2.2 Type of APC 73
2.3 Co stimulatory molecules 74
2.4 Properties of the immunogen 75
2.5 Dose of antigen 75
2.6 Peptide density and binding affinity 75
2.7 Cytokines 76
2.8 Hormones 78
2.9 Role of the genetic background in the Thl /Th2 development 79
3. Intracellular signalling for Thl/Th2 development 79
3.1 Intracellular signalling for Th2 development 80
3.2 Intracellular signalling for Thl development 80
4. Cross regulatory activity of Thl and Th2 cytokines 82
5. The Thl/Th2 paradigm in human diseases 83
5.1 Transplantation rejection and tolerance 83
5.2 Successful pregnancy and unexplained recurrent abortions 84
5.3 Allergic disorders 84
5.4 Autoimmune disorders 86
5.5 Chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders 89
5.6 Progression of HrV infection 91
6. Concluding remarks 92
References 93
5 Chemokines 103
ALBERTO MANTOVANI AND SILVANO SOZZANI
1. Introduction 103
2. Structure and families 104
3. Receptors and signal transduction 105
4. Chemokine functions 107
5. Regulation of chemokine production 107
6. Regulation of receptor expression during activation and deactivation
of mononuclear phagocytes 108
7. Regulation of receptor expression: dendritic cells 110
8. Pathology 111
8.1 Polarized Thl and Th2 responses 112
8.2 Tumours as a paradigm for the in vivo function of chemokines 113
References 117
CONTENTS
6 Cytokines and cytokine receptors encoded by
viruses 126
JULIAN A. SYMONS AND GEOFFREY L. SMITH
1. Role of cytokines in antiviral defence 126
2. Pox viruses and herpesviruses 126
3. Cytokines encoded by viruses 127
3.1 Viral growth factors 129
3.2 Viral chemokines 130
3.3 HHV 8IL 6 132
3.4 Viral IL 10 (vIL 10) 132
3.5HSVIL 17 134
4. Cytokine receptors encoded by viruses 134
4.1 Soluble cytokine receptors 134
4.2 Viral membrane CKRs 143
5. Conclusions and future prospects 144
References 145
7 Genetic variation in cytokines and relevance to
inflammation and disease 152
GORDON DUFF
1. Introduction 152
2. Cytokines as candidate genes 153
3. TNF locus polymorphisms and the MHC 155
3.1 TNF locus polymorphism and diseases 156
4. The interleukin 1 gene cluster 158
4.1 IL 1 locus polymorphisms and diseases 159
4.2 Susceptibility or severity? 160
5. IL 4 and IL 4R polymorphisms and diseases 160
6. IL 6 gene polymorphism and diseases 161
7. IL 10 gene polymorphism and diseases 162
8. Chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms 162
9. Conclusion 163
References 164
CONTENTS | xi
8 Therapeutic manipulation of the cytokine network 174
FRAN BALKWILL
1. Introduction 174
2. Recombinant cytokine therapy of cancer 174
2.1 IFN a therapy of malignant disease 175
2.2 IFN 7 therapy of malignant disease 176
2.3 TNF a therapy of malignant disease 177
2.4 IL 12 therapy of malignant disease 178
3. The potential of cytokine antagonist therapy in cancer 179
3.1 Inflammatory cytokines and cancer — the case for cytokine antagonist
therapy 180
3.2 Other cytokine signalling targets 181
4. Mechanisms of action of cytokine therapy in malignancy 181
5. Future directions 182
5.1 Local delivery 182
5.2 The importance of understanding the tumour cytokine network 184
5.3 Sequential or combination biological therapy 184
6. Summary 184
References 185
Index 191
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| language | English |
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| series2 | Frontiers in molecular biology |
| spelling | The cytokine network ed. by Fran Balkwill Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2000 XVI, 199 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Frontiers in molecular biology 25 Cytokines Cytokines ram Cytokine (DE-588)4205701-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Cytokine (DE-588)4205701-2 s DE-604 Balkwill, Frances R. ca. 20. Jh. Sonstige (DE-588)123057973 oth Frontiers in molecular biology 25 (DE-604)BV010329078 25 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009393831&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The cytokine network Frontiers in molecular biology Cytokines Cytokines ram Cytokine (DE-588)4205701-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4205701-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The cytokine network |
| title_auth | The cytokine network |
| title_exact_search | The cytokine network |
| title_full | The cytokine network ed. by Fran Balkwill |
| title_fullStr | The cytokine network ed. by Fran Balkwill |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cytokine network ed. by Fran Balkwill |
| title_short | The cytokine network |
| title_sort | the cytokine network |
| topic | Cytokines Cytokines ram Cytokine (DE-588)4205701-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cytokines Cytokine Aufsatzsammlung |
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