The competitiveness of Ghana's industry:
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2001
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 228 S. graph. Darst. |
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| adam_text | I
Overview of content
Overview of content I
Table of content III
Table of figures IX
Table of figures IX
Table of tables X
Abbreviations XI
I INTRODUCTION 1
1 Motivation 1
2 Research approach 3
II OVERVIEW OF GHANA S ECONOMY 7
3 The political background of Ghana s economic development 7
4 The structure of Ghana s economy 21
5 The role of foreign trade in Ghana s economy 30
6 Research on Ghana s competitiveness 34
III THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 41
7 Competitiveness a definition 41
8 Theoretical approach 45
9 Methodology to measure competitive advantage 61
10 Methodology to explain impact of determinants of competitive advantage 68
IV ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF GHANA S INDUSTRIES 71
11 Ghana s competitive and uncompetitive industries 71
12 The competitive advantage of the Aluminum industry 78
13 The competitive advantage of the Cocoa industry 94
II
14 The competitive advantage of the Food industry 111
15 The competitive advantage of the Gold industry 125
16 The competitive advantage of the Timber and Furniture Industry 138
17 The competitive disadvantage of the Textile and Garment industry 151
V CONCLUSIONS ON DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
163
18 Factor conditions 163
19 Demand conditions 177
20 Related and supporting industries 181
21 Strategy, structure, and rivalry 184
22 Government I92
23 Summary the challenges of Ghana s Diamond of National Advantage 208
Sources 214
Ill
Table of content
Overview of content I
Table of content III
Table of figures IX
Table of tables X
Abbreviations XI
I INTRODUCTION 1
1 Motivation 1
2 Research approach 3
2.1 Main question and contribution 3
2.2 Framework for analysis 3
2.3 Working hypothesis 4
2.4 Data availability 5
2.5 Structure and research design 5
II OVERVIEW OF GHANA S ECONOMY 7
3 The political background of Ghana s economic development 7
3.1 The political economy of Ghana until 1983 7
3.1.1 Trade in gold and slaves main source of profit before colonialism 7
3.1.2 Specialization on cocoa during colonial rule 8
3.1.3 The history of decline: 1957 to 1983 9
3.1.4 The basis for decline: Nkrumah s industrialization program 11
3.1.5 Killing the golden geese , the consequences of failed policies 15
3.2 Economic reforms after 1983 16
3.2.1 Main elements of Ghana s Economic Reform Program 17
3.2.2 Political structure since 1992 19
4 The structure of Ghana s economy 21
4.1 Ghana s macroeconomic development after the ERP 21
4.2 Sectoral structure of Ghana s economy 23
4.2.1 Agricultural sector 24
4.2.2 Mining and manufacturing sector 26
4.2.3 Service sector 28
IV
5 The role of foreign trade in Ghana s economy 30
5.1 Overview of Ghana s export structure 30
5.2 Overview of Ghana s import structure 33
6 Research on Ghana s competitiveness 34
6.1 Ghana s competitiveness based on real exchange rate movements 34
6.2 Other research on Ghana s competitiveness 35
6.2.1 Competitiveness reports 35
6.2.2 Degree of economic freedom reports 37
6.2.3 Evaluation of research on competitiveness 39
III THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 41
7 Competitiveness a definition 41
8 Theoretical approach 45
8.1 Diamond of National advantage 45
8.2 Innovation as driver of competitive advantage 47
8.3 Review of work leading to Competitive Advantage of Nations 49
8.3.1 Industry structure determining competitive strategy 49
8.3.2 Management of firm s value chain to gain competitive advantage 50
8.3.3 National attributes as determinant of national competitive advantage 51
8.4 Comparison of Porter with neoclassical approaches 53
8.5 A short critique of Porter s Competitive Advantage of Nations 57
8.6 Adaptation of Porter approach to specific situation of Ghana 59
9 Methodology to measure competitive advantage 61
9.1 World market share of exports as indicator for competitive advantage 61
9.2 Measuring the World market export share of Ghana s industry 64
9.2.1 Poor quality of Ghana export data 64
9.2.2 Most exports from gold and cocoa 65
9.3 Revised methodology to measure the competitiveness of Ghana s industry 66
10 Methodology to explain impact of determinants of competitive advantage 68
V
IV ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF GHANA S INDUSTRIES 71
11 Ghana s competitive and uncompetitive industries 71
11.1 Ghana s competitive industries 71
11.2 Ghana s uncompetitive products 74
11.3 Selection criteria for industry analysis 77
12 The competitive advantage of the Aluminum industry 78
12.1 Structure of Ghana s Aluminum industry 78
12.1.1 Buyers 80
12.1.2 Competition 81
12.1.3 Substitutes 83
12.2 History of Ghana s Aluminum industry 83
12.3 Aluminum s Diamond of National Advantage 85
12.3.1 Factor conditions 86
12.3.2 Domestic demand conditions 88
12.3.3 Relating and supporting industries 89
12.3.4 Firm structure, strategy and rivalry 90
12.3.5 Influence of Government Policy 91
12.4 Summary and conclusion on Ghana s Aluminum industry 92
13 The competitive advantage of the Cocoa industry 94
13.1 Structure of Ghana s Cocoa industry 94
13.1.1 Buyers 96
13.1.2 Competition 97
13.1.3 Substitutes 99
13.2 History of Ghana s Cocoa industry 100
13.3 Cocoa s Diamond of National Advantage 103
13.3.1 Factor conditions 103
13.3.2 Domestic demand conditions 106
13.3.3 Related and supporting industries 106
13.3.4 Firm structure, strategy and rivalry 106
13.3.5 Influence of Government Policy 107
13.4 Summary and conclusion on Ghana s Cocoa industry 108
14 The competitive advantage of the Food industry 111
14.1 Structure of the Ghana s Food industry 111
14.1.1 Buyers 113
VI
14.1.2 Competition 114
14.2 History of Ghana s Food industry 115
14.3 The Food industry s Diamond of National Advantage 118
14.3.1 Factor conditions 118
14.3.2 Domestic demand conditions 121
14.3.3 Related and supporting industries 121
14.3.4 Firm structure, strategy and rivalry 121
14.3.5 Influence of Government Policy 123
14.4 Summary and conclusion on Ghana s Food industry 123
15 The competitive advantage of the Gold industry 125
15.1 Structure of Ghana s Gold mining industry 125
15.1.1 Buyers 126
15.1.2 Competition 126
15.1.3 Substitutes 127
15.2 History of Ghana s Gold mining industry 127
15.3 Gold mining s Diamond of National Advantage 130
15.3.1 Factor conditions 130
15.3.2 Domestic demand conditions 133
15.3.3 Related and supporting industries 133
15.3.4 Firm structure, strategy and rivalry 134
15.3.5 Influence of Government Policy 135
15.4 Summary and conclusion on Ghana s Gold mining industry 136
16 The competitive advantage of the Timber and Furniture Industry 138
16.1 Structure of Ghana s Timber and Furniture industry 138
16.1.1 Buyers 139
16.1.2 Competitors 141
16.1.3 Substitutes 142
16.2 History of Ghana s Timber and Furniture industry 142
16.3 Timber and Furniture s Diamond of National Advantage 144
16.3.1 Factor conditions 145
16.3.2 Domestic demand conditions 147
16.3.3 Related and supporting industries 147
16.3.4 Firm structure, strategy and rivalry 147
16.3.5 Influence of Government Policy 149
16.4 Summary and conclusion on Ghana s Timber and Furniture industry 149
VII
17 The competitive disadvantage of the Textile and Garment industry 151
17.1 Structure of Ghana s Textile and Garment industry 151
17.1.1 Buyers 152
17.1.2 Competition 153
17.1.3 Substitutes 154
17.2 History of Ghana s Textile and Garment industry 154
17.3 Textile and Garment s Diamond of National Advantage 156
17.3.1 Factor conditions 157
17.3.2 Domestic demand conditions 158
17.3.3 Related and supporting industries 159
17.3.4 Firm structure, strategy and rivalry 159
17.3.5 Influence of Government Policy 160
17.4 Summary and conclusion on Ghana s Textile and Garment industry 161
V CONCLUSIONS ON DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
163
18 Factor conditions 163
18.1 Raw Material 164
18.2 Human resources 164
18.2.1 Basic education level 165
18.2.2 Secondary and tertiary education 166
18.2.3 Internal training 167
18.3 Specialized factors 168
18.3.1 Research and development 168
18.3.2 Management and entrepreneurship 168
18.4 Capital availability 169
18.5 Physical infrastructure 171
18.6 Information infrastructure 173
18.7 Administrative infrastructure 174
18.8 Conclusions on Ghana s factor conditions 175
19 Demand conditions 177
19.1 Size of Ghana s home market 178
19.2 Quality of Ghana s home market demand 178
19.3 Conclusions on Ghana s home demand 179
VIII
20 Related and supporting industries 181
20.1 Presence of supporting industries 181
20.2 Presence of related industries 182
20.3 Conclusions on Ghana s related and supporting industry 182
21 Strategy, structure, and rivalry 184
21.1 Structure and rivalry 184
21.2 Climate for investments 185
21.2.1 Investment and trade laws, taxes 186
21.2.2 Labor market policies 187
21.2.3 Political and economic uncertainty 187
21.3 Strategy 188
21.3.1 Strategic focus 188
21.3.2 Value chain presence 189
21.3.3 Management practices and goals of individuals 189
21.4 Conclusion on strategy and structure of Ghana s industry 191
22 Government 192
22.1 The role of government in promoting competitive advantage 192
22.1.1 Ensure macroeconomic stability 192
22.1.2 Provide enabling microeconomic environment 193
22.2 Ghana s macroeconomic and microeconomic track record 193
22.3 Ghana s macroeconomic environment 195
22.4 Ghana s microeconomic environment 197
22.4.1 Government influence on factor conditions 197
22.4.2 Government influence on demand conditions 203
22.4.3 Government influence on related and supporting industries 203
22.4.4 Government influence on firm strategy, structure, and rivalry 204
22.5 Conclusions on Ghana s government 206
23 Summary the challenges of Ghana s Diamond of National Advantage 208
23.1 Nature of competitive advantage 208
23.2 Capacity to innovate 211
23.3 Conclusion 212
Sources 214
Literature 214
Interviews 227
IX
Table of figures
FIGURE 1: GOVERNMENT REVENUES FROM COCOA, 1956 1985 (PERCENT OF TOTAL) 12
FIGURE 2: COCOA PRODUCTION AND PRODUCER PRICES, 1950 1989 13
FIGURE 3: KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 1965 1983 15
FIGURE 4: REAL EXCHANGE RATE CEDI/USD 1951 1985 16
FIGURE 5: DEVELOPMENT OF REAL GDP PER CAPITA, 1975 1998 22
FIGURE 6: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOW 1987 1998 23
FIGURE 7: GHANA S GDP STRUCTURE, 1972 1996 24
FIGURE 8: AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY RELATIVE TO BEST PRACTICE IN GHANA 25
FIGURE 9: EXPORT SHARE IN GDP BY EXPENDITURE CATEGORY, 1993 1997 31
FIGURE 10: EXPORT VALUES OF MAJOR PRODUCTS, 1983 1997 31
FIGURE 11: GHANA S TOP TEN EXPORT DESTINATIONS, 1996 32
FIGURE 12: AFRICA S COMPETITIVENESS INDEX, 2000 36
FIGURE 13: THE DIAMOND OF NATIONAL ADVANTAGE 45
FIGURE 14: FIVE FORCES DETERMINING INDUSTRY PROFITABILITY 49
FIGURE 15: FOUR GENERIC STRATEGIES 51
FIGURE 16: CLUSTER CHART TO HIGHLIGHT COMPETITIVE PATTERNS 63
FIGURE 17: GHANA S ALUMINUM INDUSTRY, 1997 79
FIGURE 18: STRUCTURE OF GHANA S COCOA INDUSTRY, 1997 95
FIGURE 19: EXPORTS OF RAW AND PROCESSED COCOA FOR MAJOR EXPORTERS, 1990 97
FIGURE 20: STRUCTURE OF GHANA S FOOD INDUSTRY, 1997 113
FIGURE 21: GOLD PRODUCTION 1901 1995 129
FIGURE 22: STRUCTURE OF GHANA S TIMBER AND FURNITURE INDUSTRY, 1997 139
FIGURE 23: STRUCTURE OF GHANA S TEXTILE AND GARMENT INDUSTRY, 1997 152
FIGURE 24: INFLATION, EXCHANGE RATE AND INTEREST RATES IN GHANA, 1992 1997 196
FIGURE 25: TERMS OF TRADE AND PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF COCOA, GOLD, ALUMINUM 209
X
Table of tables
TABLE 1: STRUCTURE AND RESEARCH DESIGN 5
TABLE 2: CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS, 1957 1996 10
TABLE 3: RELATIVE PRODUCTION VOLUME OF FOOD CROPS, 1962 1988 14
TABLE 4: DEVELOPMENT OF GHANA S MANUFACTURING STRUCTURE, 1987 1993 28
TABLE 5: MAIN TRADE INDICATORS, 1989 1997 30
TABLE 6: CONSTRAINTS ON ECONOMIC FREEDOM IN GHANA, 1997 39
TABLE 7: OVERVIEW OF ELEMENTS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE REVIEWED 69
TABLE 8: CLUSTER CHART FOR COMPETITIVE UPSTREAM INDUSTRIES 72
TABLE 9: CLUSTER CHART FOR COMPETITIVE FINAL CONSUMPTION GOODS 73
TABLE 10: CLUSTER CHART FOR UNCOMPETITIVE UPSTREAM INDUSTRIES 75
TABLE 11: CLUSTER CHART FOR UNCOMPETITIVE FINAL CONSUMPTION GOODS 76
TABLE 12: DETERMINANTS OF ALUMINUM S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 85
TABLE 13: MARKET LEADERSHIP IN WORLD COCOA INDUSTRY 96
TABLE 14: OVERVIEW OF COCOA PRODUCER COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS 98
TABLE 15: PERCENTAGE SHARE IN COCOA EXPORT REVENUES, 1995 99
TABLE 16: DETERMINANTS OF COCOA S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 103
TABLE 17: WHOLESALE PRICES FOR PINEAPPLES, 1997 114
TABLE 18: DETERMINANTS OF FOODS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 118
TABLE 19: DETERMINANTS OF GOLD MINING S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 130
TABLE 20: EXPORTS OF GHANESE TIMBER PRODUCTS BY DESTINATION, USD 000, 1996 140
TABLE 21: DETERMINANTS OF TIMBER S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 144
TABLE 22: COST AND PRODUCTIVITY COMPARISONS FOR SHIRT PRODUCTION, 1994 154
TABLE 23: DETERMINANTS OF TEXTILE AND GARMENT S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 156
TABLE 24: SUMMARY OF FACTOR CONDITIONS 164
TABLE 25: ACCESS TO EDUCATION IN GHANA AND SUB SAHARAN AFRICA 166
TABLE 26: TERTIARY STUDENTS IN TECHNICAL FIELDS (PERCENT OF POPULATION) 166
TABLE 27: RATES OF RETURN (PERCENT) TO HUMAN CAPITAL IN GHANA 168
TABLE 28: FINANCIAL MARKET RATES, 1991 1997 170
TABLE 29: GHANA S PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE COMPARED TO SELECTED COUNTRIES 171
TABLE 30: SUMMARY OF DEMAND CONDITIONS 177
TABLE 31: SUMMARY OF RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES 181
TABLE 32: SUMMARY OF FIRM STRUCTURE, STRATEGY, AND RIVALRY 184
TABLE 33: SUMMARY OF GOVERNMENT DETERMINANTS 193
TABLE 34: WORLD BANK EVALUATION OF GHANA S ECONOMIC REFORMS OVERVIEW 194
TABLE 35. GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC SERVICES 198
TABLE 36: PUPIL/TEACHER RATIOS AND PERCENTAGE OF TRAINED TEACHERS 199
TABLE 37: PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION, SELECTED COUNTRIES 200
TABLE 38: SAVING AND INVESTMENT (PERCENT OF GDP) 201
TABLE 39: OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS REGULATION CHANGES 205
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:50:26Z |
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| spelling | Hoefter, Anton Fidelis Verfasser aut The competitiveness of Ghana's industry vorgelegt von Anton Fidelis Hoefter 2001 XI, 228 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier St. Gallen, Univ., Diss., 2001 Hochschulschrift gtt Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4027386-6 gnd rswk-swf Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4065837-5 gnd rswk-swf Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 gnd rswk-swf Ghana (DE-588)4020949-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Ghana (DE-588)4020949-0 g Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4027386-6 s DE-604 Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 s Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4065837-5 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009360567&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hoefter, Anton Fidelis The competitiveness of Ghana's industry Hochschulschrift gtt Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4027386-6 gnd Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4065837-5 gnd Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027386-6 (DE-588)4065837-5 (DE-588)4026779-9 (DE-588)4020949-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The competitiveness of Ghana's industry |
| title_auth | The competitiveness of Ghana's industry |
| title_exact_search | The competitiveness of Ghana's industry |
| title_full | The competitiveness of Ghana's industry vorgelegt von Anton Fidelis Hoefter |
| title_fullStr | The competitiveness of Ghana's industry vorgelegt von Anton Fidelis Hoefter |
| title_full_unstemmed | The competitiveness of Ghana's industry vorgelegt von Anton Fidelis Hoefter |
| title_short | The competitiveness of Ghana's industry |
| title_sort | the competitiveness of ghana s industry |
| topic | Hochschulschrift gtt Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4027386-6 gnd Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (DE-588)4065837-5 gnd Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hochschulschrift Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Industrie Ghana |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009360567&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hoefterantonfidelis thecompetitivenessofghanasindustry |