Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
ITDG Publ.
2001
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 350 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1853395234 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa |c ed. by Stephen Devereux ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Food security in sub-Saharan Africa
Autor: Devereux, Stephen
Jahr: 2001
Contents
Acknowledgements..................................................................viii
List of boxes ............................................................................ ix
List of figures.............................................................................xi
List of tables.............................................................................xiii
List of acronyms........................................................................xv
Introduction................................................................................1
Stephen Devereux and Simon Maxwell
1. The Evolution of Thinking about Food Security..............................13
Simon Maxwell
Food security: a closer look at three paradigm shifts..............................13
Five phases of food security policy and practice....................................21
Conclusion ............................................................................................27
2. Agricultural Issues in Food Security....................................................32
Simon Maxwell
The importance of agriculture in Africa..................................................32
Changing thinking about agriculture......................................................36
Food security issues in agricultural development....................................42
Conclusion ............................................................................................63
3. Household Food and Livelihood Security..........................................67
Jeremy Swift and Kate Hamilton
Characteristics of food insecure environments in dryland Africa............67
Household strategies for achieving food security in pastoral
and urban areas......................................................................................70
Widening the analysis from food to livelihood security..........................80
Sustainable livelihoods and food security ..............................................90
Conclusion ............................................................................................92
4. Food Security and the Environment....................................................93
Susanna Moorehead and William Wolmer
Concepts and definitions........................................................................94
Theories on the food security-environment relationship........................99
Conclusion ..........................................................................................115
vi Contents
5. Famine in Africa......................................................................................117
Stephen Devereux
What is famine?..................................................................................119
Why do famines happen?....................................................................120
The evolution of famine in Africa........................................................140
Famine coping strategies ....................................................................143
Conclusion ..........................................................................................147
6. Food Marketing........................................................................................149
Bob Baulch
Functions of markets and marketing....................................................149
Agricultural marketing enterprises........................................................152
The role of the public sector in food marketing....................................156
Case study: maize liberalization in Tanzania ........................................159
Conclusion ..........................................................................................166
7. Food Aid and Trade................................................................................167
Christopher Stevens and Jane Kennan
What is it all about?............................................................................167
Concepts and definitions......................................................................168
Recent trends......................................................................................174
How may the world policy environment change?................................184
Implications for food security ..............................................................199
8. Food Security Information Systems....................................................201
Stephen Devereux
Early warning systems..........................................................................201
Food security information systems ......................................................212
Market information systems................................................................223
Conclusion ..........................................................................................228
9. Nutrition and Intervention Strategies................................................231
Helen Young
What is malnutrition, and who is affected?..........................................232
What causes malnutrition and how has this influenced response? ......234
A conceptual framework of the underlying causes of malnutrition......237
Strategies to address malnutrition........................................................243
Conclusion: challenges for the future ..................................................264
10. Transfers and Safety Nets......................................................................267
Stephen Devereux
What?..................................................................................................267
Why? ..................................................................................................271
Why not?............................................................................................272
Who?..................................................................................................273
Which?................................................................................................275
How to evaluate?................................................................................288
Conclusion ..........................................................................................293
Contents vii
11. Organizational Issues in Food Security Planning..........................294
Simon Maxwell
A theoretical perspective......................................................................298
Lessons of experience..........................................................................303
Conclusion ..........................................................................................313
References ..............................................................................316
Notes......................................................................................338
About the Contributors............................................................343
Index ......................................................................................345
Boxes
Box 1.1 Definitions of food security and insecurity, 1975-1991 15
Box 1.2 Initiatives related to food security in Africa, 1967-1996 22
Box 1.3 Goals for the Millennium 28
Box 1.4 World Food Summit, 13-17 November 1996: plan of
action 29
Box 1.5 Food security in Africa: a consensus strategy 30
Box 2.1 Choices in agricultural strategy 35
Box 2.2 Five competing schools of thought on agriculture and
food security 48
Box 2.3 Investment in high- or low-potential areas? 54
Box 2.4 Principles for cash crop policy 63
Box 2.5 A summary of strategic principles to guide policies and
actions for sustainable agricultural development 64
Box 3.1 Pastoral terms of trade 73
Box 3.2 Urban agriculture in Africa 76
Box 3.3 Food security strategies in Africa s cities 78
Box 3.4 Rural livelihood diversification in Mali 89
Box 4.1 Food security and climate change 96
Box 4.2 Population growth and food production: recent global
and regional trends 101
Box 4.3 Trade-offs between food security and the environment:
the impact of maize on food security and
environmental sustainability in Zambia 103
Box 4.4 Environmental entitlements: the case of Marantaceae
leaves in Ghana 107
Box 4.5 More people, less erosion: the case of Machakos District,
Kenya 109
Box 4.6 Food security and environmental trade-offs: genetically
modified crops 112
Box 4.7 Practical steps to integrate food security and
environmental sustainability: farming systems research 113
Box 4.8 The Doubly Green Revolution 116
Box 5.1 Case study: the 1998 famine in Bahr el Ghazal, southern
Sudan 138
x List of Boxes
Box 5.2 Case study: famines in Tanzania 141
Box 8.1 Case study: Zambia 1998 - food surplus or food crisis? 206
Box 8.2 Food security information systems in Zambia 215
Box 8.3 The food economy approach 220
Box 8.4 Market information systems in the Sahel 227
Box 9.1 The UNICEF Triple A Approach - Iringa, Tanzania as a
case example 236
Box 9.2 Nutritional status and nutritional indices 246
Box 9.3 The World Bank and nutrition programmes in Africa 250
Box 9.4 The Nutrition Communication Project (NCP), Niger; a
food based approach to dietary change 252
Box 9.5 Nutrition surveillance and intervention, South Africa 253
Box 9.6 Production of pre-cooked fortified blended food in
Kenya 255
Box 9.7 The National Micronutrient Malnutrition Control
Programme, Tanzania 257
Box 9.8 Operation Hunger: food support as a safety net in
South Africa? 261
Box 9.9 Food-for-work and drought relief in Zimbabwe,
1989-1992 265
Box 10.1 Case study: food-for-work in Namibia 280
Box 10.2 Supplementary feeding in Malawi 284
Box 10.3 Case study: GAPVU in Mozambique 289
Figures
Figure 1.1 The evolution of thinking about food security 14
Figure 2.1 World and African agricultural and food production
indices, 1970-97 34
Figure 2.2 Regional yields: wheat, rice and maize, various years 43
Figure 2.3 Switching curve for investment, with regard to drought
frequency and relief cost 55
Figure 3.1 Seasonal patterns of food insecurity in agricultural and
pastoral household economies 72
Figure 3.2 Cereals : livestock terms of trade during food crises 73
Figure 3.3 The sustainable livelihood approach 83
Figure 4.1 Sensitivity of environments and food supply systems 97
Figure 4.2 Food production per capita, 1965-95 100
Figure 5.1 Demographic impact of China s Great Leap Forward
famine 123
Figure 5.2 A categorization of coping strategies 145
Figure 5.3 Coping versus survival strategies 146
Figure 6.1 Functions of markets and marketing 150
Figure 6.2 Marketing chain for rice, Atebubu District, Ghana 152
Figure 6.3 Price stabilization using a buffer stock scheme 158
Figure 6.4 Official marketing margins and NMC sales 163
Figure 6.5 Open market and official producer and consumer prices 163
Figure 6.6 Comparison of official and open market margins 164
Figure 7.1 African imports of cereals, wheat and rice as a
percentage of world imports, 1961-98 174
Figure 7.2 Total cereal imports per capita, 1998 176
Figure 7.3 SSA cereals imports and food aid, 1970-98 177
Figure 7.4 Regional shares in total world cereals food aid
shipments, 1970-98 178
Figure 7.5 Cereals food aid per capita, 1998 179
Figure 7.6 Change in net barter terms of trade for food 180
Figure 7.7 Net barter terms of trade: most important traditional
SSA exports and cereals imports 182
Figure 7.8 Net barter terms of trade: most important SSA exports
and cereals imports 183
xii List of Figures
Figure 7.9 The hierarchy of preferences 197
Figure 8.1 The process of famine early warning and response 210
Figure 8.2 A conceptual framework for monitoring food insecurity 213
Figure 8.3 USAID s food security index 217
Figure 9.1 A conceptual model of the causes of malnutrition 237
Figure 9.2 The malnutrition infection cycle 239
Figure 9.3 The project cycle 243
Figure 10.1 Entitlement promotion (poverty reduction) 269
Figure 10.2 Entitlement protection (poverty alleviation) 269
Figure 10.3 Social safety nets: public works projects 270
Figure 11.1 Four organizational cultures 299
Tables
Table 1.1 Differences between a narrow food-first approach
and a wide sustainable livelihood approach to
household food security 19
The importance of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa 33
The evolution of thinking about agriculture: 1950s-1990s 39
World food availability and prices, 1961-3 and 1990-92 43
Per capita food availability (kilocalories per day), 1990
and 2020: various scenarios 46
Investment in high- and low-potential areas 50
Poverty in high- and low-potential areas 52
Characteristics of resource-rich and resource-poor areas 53
Other primary commodity exports in GDP, 1992 58
Impacts of agricultural commercialization in Africa 60
Elasticities of children s nutritional status with respect
to income 62
Characteristics of cash crops for bad and good
outcomes 65
The impacts of alternative agricultural strategies 66
Selected twentieth century African famines 118
Famine theories and disciplinary biases 121
Entitlement categories 132
The three marketing transformations 151
Average marketing margins for rice produced in
Atebubu District and retailed in Kumasi, Ghana,
January through July 1977 153
Maize marketing reforms in Tanzania since 1984 162
World and African imports of cereals, 1961-98 175
Consumption and import demand projections: total
cereals, all uses 185
WTO status of SSA countries 188
Southern African bound tariffs for cereals 189
Comparison of estimated ad valorem tariff equivalent,
1986-8, and tariffs declared in country schedules 191
Table 8.1 Information collected by early warning systems 204
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Table 2.6
Table 2.7
Table 2.8
Table 2.9
Table 2.10
Table 2.11
Table 2.12
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 5.3
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 7.3
Table 7.4
Table 7.5
xiv List of Tables
Table 8.2 Market information systems: user groups and
dissemination channels 225
Table 9.1 Reported micronutrient deficiencies among refugees
dependent on food rations 235
Table 9.2 Classification of malnutrition in adults by body mass
index (BMI) 247
Table 9.3 Indicators, definitions and benchmarks 249
Table 10.1 Food income and nutrition transfers 276
Table 10.2 Best case and worst case scenarios for an employment-
based safety net 282
Table 11.1 Types of cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral planning 299
Table 11.2 Common operating characteristics of the stages of
task-group development 302
Table 11.3 The blueprint and learning process approaches in rural
development contrasted 306
Table 11.4 Contrasting models of corporate organization 314
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| spelling | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa ed. by Stephen Devereux ... 1. publ. London ITDG Publ. 2001 XVIII, 350 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Food supply Africa, Sub-Saharan Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd rswk-swf Subsaharisches Afrika (DE-588)4053770-5 gnd rswk-swf Subsaharisches Afrika (DE-588)4053770-5 g Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 s DE-604 Devereux, Stephen Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009319864&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa Food supply Africa, Sub-Saharan Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4152826-8 (DE-588)4053770-5 |
| title | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_auth | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_exact_search | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa ed. by Stephen Devereux ... |
| title_fullStr | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa ed. by Stephen Devereux ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa ed. by Stephen Devereux ... |
| title_short | Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_sort | food security in sub saharan africa |
| topic | Food supply Africa, Sub-Saharan Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Food supply Africa, Sub-Saharan Ernährungssicherung Subsaharisches Afrika |
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