The forests handbook: 2 Applying forest science for sustainable management
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| Sprache: | English |
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Blackwell Science
2001
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
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| Beschreibung: | XVII, 382 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0632048239 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The forests handbook |n 2 |p Applying forest science for sustainable management |c ed. by Julian Evans |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Blackwell Science |c 2001 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 382 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Forest management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forests and forestry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainable forestry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainable forestry |v Case studies | |
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| adam_text | THE FORESTS HANDBOOK VOLUME 2 APPLYING FOREST SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE
MANAGEMENT EDITED BY JULIAN EVANS OBE BSC, PHD, DSC, FICFOR T.H. HUXLEY
SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT, EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, IMPERIAL COLLEGE
OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, UNITED
KINGDOM B BLACKWELL SCIENCE CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS, XII PREFACE
TO VOLUME 1, XIV PREFACE TO VOLUME 2, XVI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, XVII THE
HISTORY AND IMPACT OF FOREST MANAGEMENT, 1 SIMON RIETBERGEN 1.1
INTRODUCTION, 1 1.1.1 ENVIRONMENTALIST PSEUDO-HISTORIES, 1 1.1.2
FORESTRY PROFESSION PSEUDO-HISTORY, 2 1.1.3 DEFINITION OF FOREST
MANAGEMENT, 2 1.1.4 FOREST MANAGEMENT TYPOLOGY, 3 1.2 STUDYING FOREST
MANAGEMENT HISTORY, 3 1.2.1 EVIDENCE FOR WOODLAND MANAGEMENT IN
PREHISTORIC BRITAIN, 3 1.2.2 RECENT ADVANCES IN FOREST HISTORY, 4 1.2.3
PROBLEMS IN FINDING AND INTERPRETING THE EVIDENCE, 4 1.3 THE HISTORY OF
FOREST COVER, 5 1.3.1 EARLY HUMAN INFLUENCE ON FOREST COVER: FIRE AND
HUNTING, 6 1.3.2 BEFORE FARMING: PRODUCING FOOD BY KEEPING FORESTS IN
CHECK?, 9 1.4 FROM FOREST USE TO FOREST MANAGEMENT, 9 1.4.1 FOREST AND
TREE USE IN PREHISTORY, 9 1.4.2 WHY MANAGE FORESTS? WHY NOT?, 10 1.4.3
WHEN DOES USE BECOME MANAGEMENT?, 11 1.5 FOREST MANAGEMENT BY
NON-PROFESSIONALS, 12 1.5.1 INTRODUCTION, 12 1.5.2 NEOLITHIC FOREST
MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL EUROPE, 12 1.5.3 SACRED GROVES IN CLASSICAL
EURASIA, 13 1.5.4 BEYOND MERE SUBSISTENCE: THE VALUE OF FORESTS IN EARLY
MEDIEVAL BRITAIN AND LATE MEDIEVAL NORMANDY, 13 1.5.5 INTENSIVE FOREST
MANAGEMENT BY FARMERS IN LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY CHINA, 14 1.5.6 BEATING
THE FORESTERS AT THEIR OWN GAME: SHOREA JAVANICA FORESTS PLANTED BY
FARMERS IN SUMATRA, 14 1.6 FOREST MANAGEMENT BY PROFESSIONALS, 15 1.6.1
REPRESSIVE ROOTS: PROTECTING THE KING S FORESTS AGAINST THE PEOPLE IN
MEDIEVAL ENGLAND, 16 1.6.2 THE DEEP ROOTS OF MODERN SILVICULTURE, 16
1.6.3 OBERWOLFACH: FROM FEMELWALD TO CHESSBOARD FORESTRY AND BACK, 17
1.6.4 OPERATION SUCCESSFUL, PATIENT DIED: THE MALAYAN UNIFORM SYSTEM, 17
1.6.5 SEEING THE BROADLEAVED TREES FOR THE CONIFER FOREST: PARTICIPATORY
FOREST RESTORATION IN NEPAL, 18 1.7 THE IMPACT OF FOREST MANAGEMENT ON
FORESTS, 18 1.7.1 BIODIVERSITY LOSS THROUGH DISCONTINUING FOREST
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, 19 1.8 CONCLUSIONS: LEAVING THE MARGINS OF
HISTORY, 20 1.8.1 THE FORESTRY PROFESSION: GETTING BETTER WITH AGE?, 21
1.8.2 DEVISING FOREST POLICIES THAT WORK, 21 1.8.3 FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT
AID: LEARNING TO OVERCOME EURO-PROFESSIONALISM, 22 1.8.4 LET A THOUSAND
FORESTS FLOURISH, 22 VI CONTENTS PART 1: SUSTAINING FOREST INFLUENCES 2
FOREST RESERVES, PARKS AND WILDERNESS: AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE, 27
ROGER GOOD 2.1 INTRODUCTION, 27 2.2 WORLDWIDE STATUS OF PARKS AND
RESERVES, 27 2.2.1 A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, 27 2.2.2 AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL
PARKS AND CONSERVATION RESERVES, 28 2.3 A SHORT HISTORY OF FORESTRY IN
AUSTRALIA, 31 2.4 COMPREHENSIVE REGIONAL FOREST ASSESSMENTS, 37 2.4.1
REGIONAL FOREST ASSESSMENTS AND AGREEMENTS, 37 2.4.2 OUTCOMES OF THE
TASMANIAN FOREST ASSESSMENT PROCESS, 38 2.5 WILDERNESS AND FOREST
MANAGEMENT, 39 2.6 WILDERNESS ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION, 40 2.6.1
WILDERNESS ASSESSMENT IN THE COMPREHENSIVE FOREST: ASSESSMENT PROCESS,
41 2.6.2 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA, 43 2.7 A NEW APPROACH TO WILDERNESS
ASSESSMENT, 44 2.7.1 THE BROGO WILDERNESS ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME, 45 2.8
SUMMARY, 49 3 FORESTS AS PROTECTION FROM NATURAL HAZARDS, 53 PETEI
BIANG, WALTER SCHONENBERGER, ERNST OTT AND BARRY GARDNER 3.1 WHAT IS A
PROTECTION FOREST?, 53 3.1.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW, 53 3.1.2 AN EARLY
EXAMPLE, 53 3.1.3 A DEFINITION OF PROTECTION FOREST , 53 3.1.4 NATURAL
HAZARDS THAT PROTECTION FORESTS PROTECT AGAINST, 53 3.1.5 AN IMPORTANT
DISTINCTION: DIRECT AND INDIRECT PROTECTION, 55 3.1.6 REPLACEMENT OF
PROTECTION FORESTS BY ARTIFICIAL CONSTRUCTIONS, 56 3.2 OCCURRENCE AND
HISTORY OF PROTECTION FORESTS, 56 3.2.1 OCCURRENCE OF PROTECTION
FORESTS, 56 3.2.2 HISTORY OF PROTECTION FORESTS, 57 3.3 ECOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF MOUNTAIN FORESTS, 58 3.3.1 ENVIRONMENT OF SUBALPINE
PROTECTION FORESTS, 58 3.3.2 ENVIRONMENT OF MONTANE PROTECTION FORESTS,
59 3.3.3 TREE SPECIES IN PROTECTION FORESTS, 60 3.4 STAND DYNAMICS,
STAND STRUCTURE AND STABILITY PROPERTIES IN PROTECTION FORESTS IN THE
ALPS, 60 3.4.1 WHY SMALL-SCALE DISTURBANCES PREVAIL IN PROTECTION
FORESTS IN THE ALPS, 60 3.4.2 DURATION OF SUCCESSIONAL CYCLES, 61 3.4.3
CHARACTERISTICS FAVOURING AND IMPEDING RESISTANCE OF THE TREE LAYER TO
DISTURBANCE, 61 3.4.4 FACTORS FAVOURING AND IMPEDING RECOVERY FROM
DISTURBANCE, 61 3.4.5 WHAT IS THE IDEAL STAND STRUCTURE OF A PROTECTION
FOREST?, 62 3.4.6 HOW NATURAL SHOULD THE STRUCTURE OF A PROTECTION
FOREST BE?, 63 3.4.7 WHAT IS STABILITY IN A PROTECTION FOREST?, 63 3.5
SUGGESTED APPROACH AND PRINCIPLES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTION
FORESTS, 64 3.5.1 GOAL AND RESTRICTIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTION
FORESTS, 65 3.5.2 MANAGEMENT APPROACH: MIMIC NATURAL ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS,
65 3.5.3 THREE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES, 67 3.6 SUGGESTED PROCEDURE TO
MANAGE PROTECTION FORESTS, 67 3.6.1 OVERVIEW, 67 3.6.2 FIRST STEP:
COLLECT GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE MANAGEMENT AREA, 67 3.6.3 SECOND
STEP: DESIGN INTERVENTIONS, 69 3.6.4 THIRD STEP: CARRY OUT
INTERVENTIONS, 71 3.6.5 FOURTH STEP: MONITOR FOREST DEVELOPMENT, 71 3.7
EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTION FORESTS, 71 3.7.1
MINIMAL TENDING IN SWITZERLAND, 71 3.7.2 A STRUCTURAL TYPOLOGY IN THE
NORTHERN FRENCH ALPS, 72 3.8 SHELTERBELTS, 72 3.8.1 INTRODUCTION, 72
3.8.2 SHELTER OF CROPS, 74 3.8.3 SHELTER OF LIVESTOCK, 74 3.8.4 SHELTER
OF BUILDINGS AND ROADS, 75 3.8.5 SHELTERBELT DESIGN, 75 3.9 FUTURE
MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTION FORESTS, 75 3.10 CONCLUSIONS, 76 CONTENTS VN 4
INTERVENTIONS TO ENHANCE THE CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, 82 TIMOTHY
J.B.BOYLE 4.1 BACKGROUND, 82 4.1.1 WHAT IS FOREST BIODIVERSITY?, 83
4.1.2 BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, 84 4.1.3 PROCESSES THAT
MAINTAIN BIODIVERSITY, 85 4.2 ASSESSING AND PREDICTING THE STATUS OF
BIODIVERSITY, 85 4.2.1 PROBLEMS WITH ASSESSMENT, 85 4.2.2 PRACTICAL
APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING, 87 4.2.3 THE USE OF CRITERIA
AND INDICATORS, 88 4.2.4 PREDICTION AT NON-SAMPLED POINTS, 89 4.3 HUMAN
IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY AND A FRAMEWORK FOR DECISION-MAKING, 91 4.3.1
IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON BIODIVERSITY, 91 4.3.2 IMPACTS OF GLOBAL
CLIMATE CHANGE, 95 4.3.3 A SYSTEM TO ASSIST IN DECISIONS TO ENHANCE
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, 96 PART 2: SUSTAINABLE WOOD PRODUCTION 5
ASSESSING POTENTIAL SUSTAINABLE WOOD YIELD, 105 ROBERT F. POWERS 5.1
INTRODUCTION, 105 5.1.1 AIMS OF THIS CHAPTER, 105 5.1.2 THE
SUSTAINABILITY PROBLEM, 105 5.1.3 SUSTAINABILITY OF WHAT, AND FOR WHOM?,
105 5.1.4 WHOSE PROBLEM IS IT?, 106 5.1.5 SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS, 106
5.2 SUSTAINABLE WOOD YIELD, 108 5.2.1 DEFINITIONS, 108 5.2.2 KEY
CONCEPTS, 111 5.3 PROTECTING THE RESOURCE, 116 5.3.1 A BALANCING ACT,
116 5.3.2 SOIL PHYSICAL CHANGES, 117 5.4 DETERMINING SUSTAINABLE YIELD,
117 5.4.1 ASSESSING SITE POTENTIAL, 117 5.4.2 SCHEDULING THE HARVEST,
123 5.5 SYNTHESIS AND SUMMARY, 124 6 SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS TO ENHANCE
PRODUCTIVITY, 129 H. LEE ALLEN 6.1 INTRODUCTION, 129 6.2
ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR FOREST PRODUCTION, 130 6.2.1 PRODUCTION-LEAF
AREA RELATIONSHIPS, 130 6.2.2 LIMITING RESOURCES, 130 6.3 SILVICULTURAL
TREATMENTS, 132 6.3.1 WATER CONTROL, 132 6.3.2 TILLAGE, 132 6.3.3 FIRE,
133 6.3.4 NON-CROP VEGETATION CONTROL, 133 6.3.5 THINNING, 134 6.3.6
NUTRIENT ADDITIONS, 135 6.4 INTERACTIONS AMONG TREATMENTS, 136 6.5
FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES, 136 7 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL AND SITE, 140
LAWRENCE A. MORRIS 7.1 INTRODUCTION, 140 7.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR
SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT, 140 7.3 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING ROOT
GROWTH, WATER AND NUTRIENT SUPPLY, 142 7.3.1 SOIL AS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR
ROOT GROWTH, 142 7.3.2 NUTRIENT SUPPLY, 144 7.4 TREE GROWTH AS EVIDENCE
FOR SUSTAINABILITY, 148 7.5 MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON THE ROOTING
ENVIRONMENT, 150 7.5.1 COMPACTION AND RUTTING, 150 7.5.2 THE ROLE OF
TILLAGE, 151 7.6 EROSION, 152 7.7 BALANCING INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF
NUTRIENTS, 154 7.7. 1 NUTRIENT BALANCE IN UNDISTURBED AND MANAGED
FORESTS, 154 7.7.2 NUTRIENT ADDITIONS, 157 . 7.8 CONTAMINATION, 159
7.8.1 SOIL ACIDIFICATION, 160 7.8.2 PESTICIDES, 160 7.8.3 METALS AND
SALTS, 161 7.9 SOIL BIOLOGY, 162 7.10 CONCLUSIONS, 164 VLLL CONTENTS
MANAGEMENT OF PEST THREATS, 172 HUGH F. EVANS 8.1 THE AIM OF INTERVENING
IN MANAGED FORESTS, 172 8.1.1 OUTBREAKS OF INVERTEBRATE PESTS: SETTING
THRESHOLDS, 172 8.1.2 GREAT BRITAIN AS AN EXAMPLE OF A REGION WHERE PEST
INFESTATION HAS RESULTED IN ACTIVE INTERVENTION, 173 8.1.3 PEST RISK
ASSESSMENT AND THE PROBLEMS OF EXOTIC PESTS, 175 8.2 ESTABLISHING THE
PRINCIPLES OF PEST MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT, 178 8.2.1 THE
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE PEST AS A BASIS FOR INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT, 178 8.2.2 HOST SELECTION, 178 8.2.3 TREE SUITABILITY AND
INITIAL RATES OF INVERTEBRATE COLONIZATION AND GROWTH, 179 8.3 WHY ARE
SOME INSECTS PESTS?, 181 8.3.1 RISK FACTORS IN RELATION TO PEST
POPULATION SIZE, 182 8.3.2 SPRUCE BUDWORMS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DETAILED
EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE THE PRINCIPLES OF PEST DYNAMICS AND THEIR LINKS TO
FOREST STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT, 182 8.3.3 GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTIIA DISPAR,
AS AN EXAMPLE OF A NON-INDIGENOUS PEST THAT IS STILL EXPANDING ITS
RANGE, 189 8.3.4 DENDIOCTONUS MICANS IN BRITAIN AS AN EXAMPLE OF
SUCCESSFUL INTEGRATED FOREST MANAGEMENT OF AN INTRODUCED FOREST PEST,
190 8.3.5 RISK RATING AND MANAGEMENT PROCESSES, 193 8.4 FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS IN FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT, 194 8.4.1 GENETICALLY MODIFIED
TREES, 194 8.4.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN MONITORING AND USE OF CONVENTIONAL PEST
MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES, 195 9 MANAGEMENT OF THE DISEASE BURDEN, 202 JOHN
N. GIBBS 9. 1 INTRODUCTION, 202 9.2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TREE
DISEASES, 202 9.2.1 CAUSES OF DISEASE, 202 9.2.2 THE NATURE OF DISEASE,
202 9.2.3 DISEASE CAUSED BY INDIGENOUS PATHOGENS, 203 9.2.4 DISEASE
CAUSED BY INTRODUCED PATHOGENS, 203 9.2.5 DISEASES CAUSED BY PATHOGENS
THAT HAVE UNDERGONE GENETIC CHANGE, 204 9.3 THE EXCLUSION AND
ERADICATION OF TREE DISEASES, 204 9.3.1 EXCLUSION, 204 9.3.2 ERADICATION
OF AN EXOTIC PATHOGEN, 206 9.4 MANAGEMENT OF ESTABLISHED DISEASES, 206
9.4.1 DIAGNOSIS, 206 9.4.2 DETERMINATION OF DISEASE DISTRIBUTION AND
SEVERITY, 207 9.4.3 DISEASE PROGNOSIS, 209 9.4.4 DECIDING ON A COURSE OF
ACTION OR INACTION, 210 9.4.5 CULTURAL CONTROL, 211 9.4.6 CONTROL
THROUGH THE USE OF DISEASE RESISTANCE, 212 9.4.7 CHEMICAL CONTROL, 213
9.4.8 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, 214 9.5 CONCLUSIONS, 214 PART 3: SUSTAINING
SOCIAL VALUES AND BENEFITS 10 WORKING WITH FOREST STAKEHOLDERS, 221
STEPHEN BASS 10.1 ASSESSING SOCIAL VALUES AND PLANNING WITH STAKEHOLDER
GROUPS, 221 10.1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION IN ASSESSING AND
REALIZING SOCIAL VALUES, 221 10.1.2 THE FOREST STAKEHOLDER, 222 10.1.3
IDENTIFYING THE MAIN STAKEHOLDERS, THEIR INTERESTS AND THEIR RELATIONS,
224 10.2 PARTNERSHIPS IN FOREST MANAGEMENT: CREATING, REALIZING AND
SUSTAINING SOCIAL VALUES, 228 CONTENTS IX 10.2.1 COLLABORATIVE FOREST
MANAGEMENT (GOVERNMENT APPROACHES TO SOCIAL VALUES), 228 10.2.2
CORPORATE/COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS (PRIVATE SECTOR APPROACHES TO SOCIAL
VALUES), 229 10.2.3 PRELIMINARY GUIDANCE ON PARTNERSHIPS THAT OPTIMIZE
SOCIAL VALUES, 230 10.2.4 REMAINING CHALLENGES FOR PARTNERSHIPS, 231 11
THE NEW FOREST POLICY AND JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDIA, 233 NARESH
C. SAXENA 11.1 INTRODUCTION, 233 11.2 FOREST POLICY BEFORE 1988,234
11.2.1 SOCIAL FORESTRY, 236 11.3 THE 1988 FOREST POLICY, 237 11.3.1
POLITICAL FACTORS BEHIND CHANGE, 23 7 11.4 THE JUNE 1990 GUIDELINES AND
JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT, 238 11.4.1 PROGRESS OF JFM IN THE STATES, 240
11.4.2 IMPACT OF THE NEW FOREST POLICY AND JFM ON DEFORESTATION, 241
11.5 INTERNAL FACTORS IN COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION, 242 11.6 CONSTRAINTS OF
GOVERNMENT POLICY AND ACTION, 244 11.6.1 RIGHTS OF NON-PROTECTING
PEOPLE, 245 11.6.2- INTERVILLAGE DISPUTES, 245 11.6.3 VFCS AND
PANCHAYATS, 246 11.6.4 MARKETING OF NTFPS, 247 11.6.5 INSENSITIVITY TO
GENDER ISSUES, 248 11.6.6 BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN FOREST DEPARTMENTS
AND COMMUNITIES, 249 11.6.7 JFM AND THE POOREST, 249 11.7 CHANGES IN
SILVICULTURE, 250 11.7.1 REGENERATION VERSUS PLANTING ON DEGRADED LANDS,
253-R 11.8 SUMMING UP, 255 12 TREES IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: SOME
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS, 260 KJELLNILSSON, THOMAS B. RANDRUP AND
BARBARA L.M. WANDALL 12.1 INTRODUCTION, 260 12.2 DESIGN ASPECTS, 260
12.3 SPECIES SELECTION FOR URBAN AREAS, 261 12.4 ESTABLISHMENT
TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN TREES, 262 12.4.1 PLANTING HOLES, 263 12.4.2
SECURING ADEQUATE TREE-WATER SUPPLY, 263 12.4.3 STAKING, 264 12.4.4
PROTECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION, 264 12.5 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF URBAN
TREES AND FOREST STANDS, 264 12.5.1 PRUNING, 265 12.5.2 WOUND TREATMENT,
265 12.5.3 HAZARDOUS TREES INCLUDING DETECTION OF FUNGI, 266 12.5.4
MANAGEMENT OF URBAN FOREST STANDS, 266 12.6 TREE INVENTORIES, 267 12.7
CONCLUSIONS, 268 12.7.1 RESEARCH AND PROF ESSIONAL COORDINATION, 268
12.7.2 OVERVIEW STUDIES, 268 12.7.3 PROCEEDINGS, 268 PART 4: CASE
STUDIES OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT 13 THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONING AND
MANAGEMENT OF OLD-GROWTH CEDAR-HEMLOCK-FIR FORESTS ON VANCOUVER ISLAND,
BRITISH COLUMBIA, 275 GORDON WEETMAN AND CINDY PRESCOTT 13.1
INTRODUCTION, 275 13.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF FORESTS OF VANCOUVER ISLAND,
277 13.3 THE HYPOTHESIS: EXPLANATIONS WHY HEMLOCK/FIR AND CEDAR/HEMLOCK
SITES DIFFER, 278 13.3.1 THE DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS , 278 13.3.2 THE
SALAL HYPOTHESIS , 278 13.3.3 THE WESTERN RED CEDAR HYPOTHESIS , 279
13.3.4 THE SITE-DIFFERENCE HYPOTHESIS , 279 13.4 STAND STRUCTURE, 279
13.5 NUTRIENT CYCLING, 280 13.6 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS, 282 13.6.1 SITE
PREPARATION, 282 13.6.2 REGENERATION, 282 13.6.3 FERTILIZATION, 284
CONTENTS 13.6.4 VEGETATION CONTROL, 285 13.6.5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
REGENERATING CEDAR-HEMLOCK SITES, 285 14 THE BEECH FORESTS OF
HAUTE-NORMANDIE, FRANCE, 288 DAVID ROSE 14.1 HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE
FORESTS OF HAUTE-NORMANDIE, 288 14.2 CURRENT SILVICULTURAL PRACTICE, 291
14.3 FORET DE BROTONNE, 293 14.4 FORET DE LYONS, 294 14.5 FORET DE BORD
AND FORET DE LOUVIERS, 294 14.6 FORET D EAWY, 295 14.7 FORET D EU, 296
.14.8 CONCLUSIONS, 296 15 RESTRUCTURING OF PLANTATION FOREST: KIELDER,
UNITED KINGDOM, 298 GRAHAM GILL AND BOB MCLNTOSH 15.1 INTRODUCTION, 298
15.2 GEOGRAPHY, EARLY HISTORY AND LAND USE, 298 15.2.1 LOCATION, 298
15.2.2 GEOLOGY AND SOILS, 298 15.2.3 EXPOSURE AND WINDTHROW RISK, 299
15.2.4 EARLY HISTORY, 299 15.2.5 LANDUSE AND TREE PRODUCTIVITY, 3 01
15.3 MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES, 301 15.4 FOREST DESIGN PLANNING, 301 15.4.1
DESIGN PLAN AREAS, 302 15.4.2 BASIC SURVEY AND APPRAISAL, 302 15.4.3
DESIGN PLAN CONCEPT, 302 15.4.4 FELLING PLANS, 302 15.4.5 RESTOCKING
PLANS, 303 15.5 TREE SPECIES CHOICE, 303 15.5.1 PRODUCTIVITY AND
MARKETABILITY, 303 15.5.2 VISUAL IMPACT, 303 15.5.3 SILVICULTURAL
CONSIDERATIONS, 304 15.5.4 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION POTENTIAL, 304 15.5.5
PRESCRIPTION FOR THE CHOICE OF TREE SPECIES, 305 15.6 FOREST OPERATIONS,
307 15.6.1 HARVESTING OF TIMBER, 307 15.6.2 REPLANTING (RESTOCKING), 307
15.6.3 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, 307 15.6.4 RECREATION, 308 15.7
SUSTAINABILITY OF YIELDS, 308 15.8 CONCLUSIONS, 309 16 SUSTAINABLE
MANAGEMENT OF THE MOUNTAIN ASH (EUCALYPTUS REGNANS F. MUELL.) FORESTS IN
THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, 310 PETER M. ATTIWILL AND
JANE M. FEWINGS 16.1 INTRODUCTION, 310 16.2 THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN AUSTRALIA, 312 16.2.1 OWNERSHIP OF
PUBLIC FORESTS IN AUSTRALIA, 312 16.2.2 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE STATES
AND THE COMMONWEALTH, 312 16.2.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUSTRALIAN FOREST
POLICY, 313 16.2.4 THE STRUCTURES FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, 321
16.2.5 NATIONAL FOREST POLICY STATEMENT, 322 16.2.6 THE REGIONAL FOREST
AGREEMENT PROCESS, 323 16.2.7 THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION OF FOREST
POLICY IN AUSTRALIA, 325 16.3 FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN
THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS, 327 16.3.1 THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS REGIONAL FOREST
AGREEMENT, 327 16.3.2 FOREST AREAS, 328 16.3.3 MEETING THE TARGETS FOR A
COMPREHENSIVE, ADEQUATE AND REPRESENTATIVE RESERVE SYSTEM, 329 16.4 THE
ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE OF MOUNTAIN ASH, 331 16.4.1 A SUMMARY OF THE
ECOLOGY OF MOUNTAIN ASH, 331 16.4.2 SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN MOUNTAIN
ASH, 332 16.4.3 MANAGING DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES, 334 16.5
CONCLUDING COMMENT, 336 17 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MALAYSIAN RAIN
FOREST, 341 SIMMATHIRI APPANAH 17.1 INTRODUCTION, 341 17.2 GEOGRAPHY,
GEOLOGY AND CLIMATE, 341 17.3 DESCRIPTION OF FORESTS, 342 17.4
DEVELOPMENTS IN EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION, 342 CONTENTS XI 17.5
SILVICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS, 345 17.5.1 IMPROVEMENT FELLINGS, 345 17.5.2
MALAYAN UNIFORM SYSTEM, 346 17.5.3 MODIFIED MALAYAN UNIFORM SYSTEM, 347
17.5.4 SELECTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, 348 17.6 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, 351
17.6.1 FOREST RESERVES, 351 17.6.2 NATIONAL FORESTRY ACTS AND STATE
FOREST ENACTMENTS, 351 17.6.3 FOREST DWELLERS, 351 17.6.4 MINOR FOREST
PRODUCE, 351 17.6.5 SHELTERWOOD SYSTEMS, 351 17.6.6 SELECTIVE FELLINGS,
352 17.6.7 ENRICHMENT PLANTINGS, 352 17.7 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, 353 17.7.1 REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING, 353
17.7.2 MALAYSIAN CRITERIA AND INDICATORS, 353 17.7.3 MODEL FORESTS, 353
17.7A NEW RESEARCH INITIATIVES, 354 17.7.5 PLANTATIONS, 354 17.8
CONCLUSIONS, 354 18 SUSTAINABLE PLANTATION FORESTRY: A CASE STUDY OF
WOOD PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE USUTU
FOREST, SWAZILAND, 357 JULIAN EVANS AND PETA MASSON 18.1 INTRODUCTION,
357 18.1.1 THE USUTU FOREST, 357 18.1.2 THE USUTU PULP MILL, 358 18.2
SUSTAINABILITY OF WOOD PRODUCTION, 358 18.2.1 ASSESSMENT METHODS, 358
18.2.2 PRODUCTIVITY IN SUCCESSIVE ROTATIONS, 359 18.2.3 DISCUSSION OF
SUSTAINABILITY, 361 18.2.4 CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING BIOLOGICAL
PRODUCTIVITY, 362 18.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 362 18.3.1
INTRODUCTION, 362 18.3.2 BACKGROUND, 362 18.3.3 KEY COMPONENTS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME, 363 18.3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS,
363 18.4 CERTIFICATION OF SUSTAINABILITY, 367 18.4.1 PLANNING, 368
18.4.2 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL, 369 18.5
CONCLUSIONS, 369 SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS, 373 JULIAN EVANS INDEX, 375
COLOUR PLATE SECTION FALLS BETWEEN PP. 302 AND 303
|
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| dewey-ones | 634 - Orchards, fruits, forestry |
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| discipline | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| id | DE-604.BV013576003 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:48:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0632048239 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | The forests handbook 2 Applying forest science for sustainable management ed. by Julian Evans 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Blackwell Science 2001 XVII, 382 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Forest management Forests and forestry Sustainable forestry Sustainable forestry Case studies (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content Evans, Julian Sonstige oth (DE-604)BV013575993 2 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009271081&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The forests handbook Forest management Forests and forestry Sustainable forestry Sustainable forestry Case studies |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4522595-3 |
| title | The forests handbook |
| title_auth | The forests handbook |
| title_exact_search | The forests handbook |
| title_full | The forests handbook 2 Applying forest science for sustainable management ed. by Julian Evans |
| title_fullStr | The forests handbook 2 Applying forest science for sustainable management ed. by Julian Evans |
| title_full_unstemmed | The forests handbook 2 Applying forest science for sustainable management ed. by Julian Evans |
| title_short | The forests handbook |
| title_sort | the forests handbook applying forest science for sustainable management |
| topic | Forest management Forests and forestry Sustainable forestry Sustainable forestry Case studies |
| topic_facet | Forest management Forests and forestry Sustainable forestry Sustainable forestry Case studies Fallstudiensammlung |
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