Lubricants and lubrications:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Weinheim [u.a.]
Wiley-VCH
2001
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIX, 759 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3527295364 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Lubricants and lubrications |c ed. by Theo Mang ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim [u.a.] |b Wiley-VCH |c 2001 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIX, 759 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Lubrication and lubricants | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tribology | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Schmierstoff |0 (DE-588)4077131-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Schmierstoff |0 (DE-588)4077131-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mang, Theo |d 1938- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)106920987 |4 oth | |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009267729 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS
LIST
OF
CONTRIBUTORS
V
FOREWORD
XXXI
A
WORD
OF
THANKS
XXXIII
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
XXXV
1
LUBRICANTS
AND
THEIR
MARKET
1
1.1
PREFACE
1
1.2
LUBRICANT
SALES
2
1.3
THE
LUBRICANTS
INDUSTRY
3
1.4
LUBRICANT
SYSTEMS
5
2
LUBRICANTS
IN
THE
TRIBOLOGICAL
SYSTEM
7
2.1
LUBRICANTS
AS
PART
OF
TRIBOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
7
2.2
THE
TRIBOLOGICAL
SYSTEM
8
2.3
FRICTION
8
2.3.1
TYPES
OF
FRICTION
9
2.3.1.1
SLIDING
FRICTION
9
2.3.1.2
ROLLING
FRICTION
10
2.3.1.3
STATIC
FRICTION
10
2.3.1.4
KINETIC
FRICTION
10
2.3.1.5
STICK-SLIP
10
2.3.2
FRICTION
AND
LUBRICATION
CONDITIONS
12
23.2.1
SOLID
FRICTION
(DRY
FRICTION)
12
23.2.2
BOUNDARY
FRICTION
12
23.23
FLUID
FRICTION
13
2.3.2.4
MIXED
FRICTION
13
23.2.5
SOLID
LUBRICANT
FRICTION
13
2.3.2.6
STRIBECK
DIAGRAM
13
23.2.7
HYDRODYNAMIC
LUBRICATION
14
2.3.2.8
ELASTO-HYDRODYNAMIC
LUBRICATION
(EHD
REGIME)
14
VIIII
CONTENTS
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.3
2.4.1.4
2.4.1.5
2.4.1.6
2.4.1.7
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
WEAR
15
WEAR
MECHANISMS
15
ABRASION
15
ADHESION
17
TRIBOCHEMICAL
REACTIONS
17
SURFACE
FATIGUE
17
EROSION
17
FRETTING
17
CAVITATION
18
TYPES
OF
WEAR
18
THE
WEAR
PROCESS
18
TRIBOMUTATION
18
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.5.1
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.2.1
3.6.2.2
3.6.2.3
3.6.2.4
3.6.2.5
RHEOLOGY
OF
LUBRICANTS
21
VISCOSITY
21
INFLUENCE
OF
TEMPERATURE
ON
VISCOSITY
(V-T
BEHAVIOR)
23
VISCOSITY
INDEX
24
VISCOSITY-PRESSURE
DEPENDENCY
25
THE
EFFECT
OF
SHEAR
RATE
ON
VISCOSITY
26
SPECIAL
RHEOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
28
GREASES
29
VISCOSITY
GRADES
29
ISO
VISCOSITY
GRADES
29
OTHER
VISCOSITY
GRADES
30
ENGINE
OILS
30
AUTOMOTIVE
GEAR
OILS
30
INDUSTRIAL
GEAR
OILS
30
VISCOSITY
GRADES
FOR
BASE
OILS
30
COMPARISON
OF
VISCOSITY
GRADES
30
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.4.1
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.3.1
BASE
OILS
32
BASE
OILS-A
HISTORICAL
REVIEW
AND
OUTLOOK
32
CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
MINERAL
BASE
OILS
33
ROUGH
CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
33
VISCOSITY-GRAVITY
CONSTANT
(VGC)
33
ANILINE
POINT
33
CARBON
DISTRIBUTION
34
HYDROCARBON
COMPOSITION
34
POLYCYCLIC
AROMATICS
IN
BASE
OILS
34
AROMATICS
IN
WHITE
MINERAL
OILS
35
REFINING
36
DISTILLATION
37
DE-ASPHALTING
37
TRADITIONAL
REFINING
PROCESSES
38
ACID
REFINING
39
CONTENTS
IIX
4.3.3.2
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.5.1
4.4
4.4.1
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
39
SOLVENT
DEWAXING
41
FINISHING
42
LUBE
CRUDES
42
BASE
OIL
MANUFACTURING
BY
HYDROGENATION
AND
HYDROCRACKING
43
MANUFACTURING
NAPHTHENIC
BASE
OILS
BY
HYDROGENATION
44
4.4.2
PRODUCTION
OF
WHITE
OILS
46
4.4.3
LUBE
HYDROCRACKING
47
4.4.4
CATALYTIC
DEWAXING
48
4.4.5
WAX
ISOMERIZATION
50
4.4.6
HYBRID
LUBE
OIL
PROCESSING
50
4.4.7
ALL-HYDROGEN
ROUTE
51
4.4.8
GAS-TO-LIQUIDS
CONVERSION
TECHNOLOGY
53
4.5
BOILING
AND
EVAPORATION
BEHAVIOR
OF
BASE
OILS
53
4.6
BASE
OIL
CATEGORIES
AND
EVALUATION
OF
VARIOUS
PETROLEUM
BASE
OILS
56
5
SYNTHETIC
BASE
OILS
61
5.1
SYNTHETIC
HYDROCARBONS
62
5.1.1
POLYALPHAOLEFINS
63
5.1.2
POLYINTEMALOLEFINS
65
5.1.3
POLYBUTENES
66
5.1.4
ALKYLATED
AROMATICS
67
5.1.5
OTHER
HYDROCARBONS
68
5.2
HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBONS
69
5.3
SYNTHETIC
ESTERS
69
5.3.1
ESTERS
OF
CARBOXYLIC
ACIDS
69
5.3.1.1
DICARBOXYLIC
ACID
ESTERS
70
5.3.1.2
POLYOL
ESTERS
71
5.3.1.3
OTHER
CARBOXYLIC
ESTERS
72
5.3.1.4
COMPLEX
ESTERS
73
5.3.1.5
FLUORINATED
CARBOXYLIC
ACID
ESTERS
73
5.3.2
PHOSPHATE
ESTERS
74
5.4
POLYALKYLENE
GLYCOLS
75
5.5
OTHER
POLYETHERS
77
5.5.1
PERFLUORINATED
POLYETHERS
77
5.5.2
POLYPHENYL
ETHERS
78
5.5.3
POLYSILOXANES
(SILICONE
OILS)
79
5.6
OTHER
SYNTHETIC
BASE
OILS
81
5.7
MIXTURES
OF
SYNTHETIC
LUBRICANTS
84
6
ADDITIVES
85
6.1
ANTIOXIDANTS
86
6.1.1
MECHANISM
OF
OXIDATION
AND
ANTIOXIDANTS
86
6.1.2
COMPOUNDS
88
6.1.2.1
PHENOLIC
ANTIOXIDANTS
88
X
I
CONTENTS
6.1.2.2
AROMATIC
AMINES
88
6.1.2.3
COMPOUNDS
CONTAINING
SULFUR
AND
PHOSPHORUS
89
6.1.2.4
ORGANOSULFUR
COMPOUNDS
89
6.1.2.5
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS
COMPOUNDS
89
6.1.2.6
OTHER
COMPOUNDS
90
6.1.2.7
SYNERGISTIC
MIXTURES
90
6.1.3
TESTING
OF
THE
OXIDATION
STABILITY
90
6.2
VISCOSITY
MODIFIERS
91
6.2.1
PHYSICAL
DESCRIPTION
OF
VISCOSITY
INDEX
91
6.2.2
VI
IMPROVEMENT
MECHANISMS
91
6.2.3
STRUCTURE
AND
CHEMISTRY
OF
VISCOSITY
MODIFIERS
93
6.3
POURPOINT
DEPRESSANTS
(PPD)
94
6.4
DETERGENTS
AND
DISPERSANTS
96
6.4.1
MECHANISM
OF
DD
ADDITIVES
96
6.4.2
METAL-CONTAINING
COMPOUNDS
(DETERGENTS)
97
6.4.2.1
PHENATES
97
6.4.2.2
SALICYLATES
98
6.4.2.3
THIOPHOSPHONATES
98
6.4.2.4
SULFONATES
98
6.4.3
ASHLESS
DISPERSANTS
(AD)
99
6.5
ANTIFOAM
AGENTS
100
6.5.1
SILICON
DEFOAMERS
101
6.5.2
SILICONE-FREE
DEFOAMERS
102
6.6
DEMULSIFIERS
AND
EMULSIFIERS
102
6.6.1
DEMULSIFIERS
102
6.6.2
EMULSIFIERS
102
6.7
DYES
102
6.8
ANTIWEAR
(AW)
AND
EXTREME
PRESSURE
(EP)
ADDITIVES
103
6.8.1
FUNCTION
OF
AW/EP
ADDITIVES
103
6.8.2
COMPOUNDS
104
6.8.2.1
PHOSPHORUS
COMPOUNDS
104
6.8.2.2
COMPOUNDS
CONTAINING
SULFUR
AND
PHOSPHORUS
104
6.8.2.3
COMPOUNDS
CONTAINING
SULFUR
AND
NITROGEN
106
6.8.2.4
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
106
6.8.2.S
PEP
ADDITIVES
108
6.8.2.6
CHLORINE
COMPOUNDS
108
6.8.2.7
SOLID
LUBRICATING
COMPOUNDS
109
6.9
FRICTION
MODIFIERS
(FM)
109
6.10
CORROSION
INHIBITORS
110
6.10.1
MECHANISM
OF
CORROSION
INHIBITORS
110
6.10.2
ANTIRUST
ADDITIVES
(FERROUS
METALS)
111
6.10.2.1
SULFONATES
111
6.10.2.2
CARBOXYLIC
ACID
DERIVATIVES
111
6.10.2.3
AMINE
NEUTRALIZED
ALKYLPHOSPHORIC
ACID
PARTIAL
ESTERS
112
6.10.2.4
VAPOR
PHASE
CORROSION
INHIBITORS
112
CONTENTS
I
XI
6.10.3
METAL
PASSIVATORS
(NON-FERROUS
METALS)
113
7
LUBRICANTS
IN
THE
ENVIRONMENT
115
7.1
DEFINITION
OF
'
ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY
LUBRICANTS
'
115
7.2
CURRENT
SITUATION
116
7.2.1
STATISTICAL
DATA
116
7.2.2
ECONOMIC
CONSEQUENCES
AND
SUBSTITUTION
POTENTIAL
117
7.2.3
AGRICULTURE,
ECONOMY,
AND
POLITICS
119
7.2.4
POLITICAL
INITIATIVES
120
7.3
TESTS
TO
EVALUATE
BIOTIC
POTENTIAL
121
7.3.1
BIODEGRADATION
121
7.3.2
ECOTOXICITY
122
7.3.3
EMISSION
THRESHOLDS
123
7.3.4
WATER
POLLUTION
123
7.3.4.1
THE
GERMAN
WATER
HAZARDOUS
CLASSES
123
7.3.4.2
GERMAN
REGULATIONS FOR
USING
WATER-ENDANGERING
LUBRICANTS
(VAWS)
124
7.4
ENVIRONMENTAL
LEGISLATION
I:
REGULAR
USE
126
7.4.1
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIABILITY
LAW
126
7.4.2
THE
CHEMICALS
LAW,
HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES
LAW
127
7.4.3
TRANSPORT
REGULATIONS
128
7.4.4
DISPOSAL
(WASTE
AND
RECYCLING
LAWS)
128
7.4.5
DISPOSAL
OPTIONS
FOR
'
NOT
WATER
POLLUTANT
'
VEGETABLE
OILS
129
7.5
ENVIRONMENTAL
LEGISLATION
2:
EMISSIONS
130
7.5.1
AIR
POLLUTION
130
7.5.2
WATER
POLLUTION
130
7.5.3
GERMAN
LAW
FOR
SOIL
PROTECTION
131
7.5.4
GERMAN
WATER
LAW
131
7.5.5
WASTE
WATER
CHARGES
132
7.5.6
CLEAN
AIR:
GERMAN
EMISSIONS
LAW
133
7.5.7
DRINKING
WATER
DIRECTIVE
133
7.6
STANDARDIZATION
OF
ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
133
7.6.1
THE
GERMAN
REGULATION
VDMA
24568
134
7.6.2
ISO
REGULATION
136
7.7
ENVIRONMENTAL
SEAL
136
7.7.1
GLOBAL
ECO-LABELING
NETWORK
136
7.7.2
EUROPEAN
ECO-LABELS
137
7.7.3
THE
GERMAN
'
BLUE
ANGEL
'
137
7.7.4
NORDIC
COUNTRIES
(NORWAY,
SWEDEN,
FINLAND,
ICELAND)
'
WHITE
SWAN
'
139
7.7.4.1
REQUIREMENTS
CONCERNING
RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
140
771.4.2
REQUIREMENTS
CONCERNING
RE-REFINED
OIL
141
7.7.4.3
REQUIREMENTS
CONCERNING
ENVIRONMENTALLY
HARMFUL
COMPONENTS
141
7.7.4.4
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS,
MOLD
OIL,
METALWORKING
FLUIDS
141
7.7.5
THE
CANADIAN
'
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHOICE
'
(MAPLE
LEAF)
141
XII
I
CONTENTS
7.7.6
OTHER
ECO-LABELS
143
7.7.6.1
AUSTRIA
143
7.7.6.2
BRAZIL
143
7.7.63
CHINA
143
7.7.6.4
FRANCE
143
7.7.6.5
JAPAN
144
7.7.6.6
SPAIN
144
7.7.6.7
THAILAND
144
7.7.6.8
UNITED
KINGDOM
144
7.7.6.9
USA
145
7.7.7
THE
NETHERLANDS
145
7.8
BASE
FLUIDS
146
7.8.1
BIODEGRADABLE
BASE
OILS
FOR
LUBRICANTS
146
7.8.2
SYNTHETIC
ESTERS
148
7.8.3
POLYGLYCOLS
148
7.8.4
POLYALPHAOLEFINS
149
7.8.5
RELEVANT
PROPERTIES
OF
ESTER
OILS
149
7.8.5.1
EVAPORATION
LOSS
149
7.8.5.2
VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE
BEHAVIOR
149
7.8.5.3
BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION
150
7.9
ADDITIVES
150
7.9.1
EXTREME
PRESSURE/ANTIWEAR
ADDITIVES
151
7.9.2
CORROSION
PROTECTION
151
7.9.3
ANTIOXIDANTS
151
7.10
PRODUCTS
(EXAMPLES)
151
7.10.1
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
151
7.10.2
METAL
WORKING
OIL
152
7.10.3
OIL-REFRESHING
SYSTEM
152
7.11
SAFETY
ASPECTS
OF
HANDLING
LUBRICANTS
(WORKING
MATERIALS)
153
7.11.1
TOXICOLOGICAL
TERMINOLOGY
AND
HAZARD
INDICATORS
154
7.11.1.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
154
7.11.1.2
SUBCHRONIC
AND
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
154
7.11.1.3
POISON
CATEGORIES
154
7.11.1.4
CORROSIVE,
CAUSTIC
155
7.11.1.5
EXPLOSION
AND
FLAMMABILITY
155
7.11.1.6
CARCINOGENIC
155
7.11.1.7
TERATOGENS,
MUTAGENS
155
7.11.2
MAK
(MAXIMUM
WORKPLACE
CONCENTRATION)
VALUES
155
7.11.3
POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
(PAK,
PAH,
PCA)
156
7.11.4
NITROSAMINES
IN
CUTTING
FLUIDS
157
7.11.5
LAW
ON
FLAMMABLE
FLUIDS
158
7.12
SKIN
PROBLEMS
CAUSED
BY
LUBRICANTS
158
7.12.1
STRUCTURE
AND
FUNCTION
OF
THE
SKIN
159
7.12.2
SKIN
DAMAGE
159
7.12.2.1
OIL
ACNE
(PARTICLE
ACNE)
160
CONTENTS
I
XIII
7.12.2.2
OIL
ECZEMA
160
7.12.3
TESTING
SKIN
COMPATIBILITY
161
7.12.4
SKIN
FUNCTION
TESTS
163
7.12.5
SKIN
CARE
AND
SKIN
PROTECTION
164
8
DISPOSAL
OF
USED
LUBRICATING
OILS
165
8.1
POSSIBLE
USES
OF
WASTE
OIL
166
8.2
LEGISLATIVE
INFLUENCES
ON
WASTE
OIL
COLLECTION
AND
RECONDITIONING
166
8.3
RE-REFINING
167
8.3.1
SULFURIC
ACID
REFINING
(MEINKEN)
167
8.3.2
PROPANE
EXTRACTION
PROCESS
(IFP,
SNAMPROGETTI)
168
8.3.3
MOHAWK
TECHNOLOGY
(CEP-MOHAWK)
169
8.3.4
KTI
PROCESS
169
8.3.5
PROP
PROCESS
169
8.3.6
SAFETY
KLEEN
PROCESS
170
8.3.7
DEA
TECHNOLOGY
171
8.3.8
OTHER
RE-REFINING
TECHNOLOGIES
172
9
LUBRICANTS
FOR
INTERNAL
COMBUSTION
ENGINES
173
9.1
FOUR-STROKE
ENGINE
OILS
173
9.1.1
GENERAL
OVERVIEW
173
9.1.1.1
FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES
174
9.1.1.2
VISCOSITY
GRADES
175
9.1.1.3
PERFORMANCE
SPECIFICATIONS
177
9.1.1.4
FORMULATION
OF
ENGINE
OILS
178
9.1.1.5
ADDITIVES
178
9.1.1.6
PERFORMANCE
ADDITIVES
178
9.1.1.7
VISCOSITY
IMPROVERS
179
9.1.2
CHARACTERIZATION
AND
TESTING
179
9.1.2.1
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
TESTING
180
9.1.2.2
ENGINE
TESTING
180
9.1.2.3
PASSENGER
CAR
ENGINE
OILS
182
9.1.2.4
ENGINE
OIL
FOR
COMMERCIAL
VEHICLES
183
9.1.3
CLASSIFICATION
BY
SPECIFICATION
184
9.1.3.1
MIL
SPECIFICATIONS
184
9.1.3.2
API
AND
ILSAC
CLASSIFICATION
184
9.1.3.3
CCMC
SPECIFICATIONS
186
9.1.3.4
ACEA
SPECIFICATIONS
188
9.1.3.5
MANUFACTURERS
'
APPROVALS
189
9.1.3.6
FUTURE
TRENDS
191
9.1.3.7
FUEL
EFFICIENCY
192
9.1.3.8
LONG
DRAIN
INTERVALS
192
9.1.3.9
LOW
EMISSION
195
9.2
TWO-STROKE
OILS
195
9.2.1
APPLICATION
AND
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
TWO-STROKE
OILS
[9.25-9.27]
195
XIV
CONTENTS
9.2.2
9.2.2.1
9.2.2.2
9.2.23
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.3
9.4
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.5
9.5.1
9.5.2
9.5.3
CLASSIFICATION
OF
TWO-STROKE
OILS
197
API
SERVICE
GROUPS
197
JASO
CLASSIFICATION
197
ISO
CLASSIFICATION
198
OILS
FOR
TWO-STROKE
OUTBOARD
ENGINES
199
ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY
TWO-STROKE
OILS
[9.31]
200
TRACTOR
OILS
201
GAS
ENGINE
OILS
[9.32-9.34]
202
USE
OF
GAS
ENGINES-GAS
AS
A
FUEL
203
LUBRICANTS
FOR
GAS
ENGINES
203
MARINE
DIESEL
ENGINE
OILS
[9.35]
204
LOW-SPEED
CROSSHEAD
ENGINES
204
MEDIUM-SPEED
ENGINES
205
LUBRICANTS
206
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.1.1
10.3.1.2
10.3.1.3
10.3.1.4
10.3.1.5
10.3.2
10.3.2.1
10.3.2.2
10.3.2.3
10.3.2.4
10.3.2.5
10.4
10.4.1
10.4.2
10.4.3
10.4.3.1
10.4.3.2
10.4.3.3
10.4.3.4
10.4.3.5
10.4.3.6
10.5
10.6
10.6.1
10.6.2
GEAR
LUBRICATION
OILS
207
INTRODUCTION
207
REQUIREMENTS
OF
GEAR
LUBRICATION
OILS
208
TRIBOLOGY
OF
GEARS
210
FRICTION
CONDITIONS
OF
GEAR
TYPES
211
TOOTHED
WHEELS
211
LOAD
AND
SPEED
CONDITIONS
DURING
TOOTH
ENGAGEMENT
211
STATIC
AND
DYNAMIC
LOAD
DISTRIBUTION
IN
TOOTH
ENGAGEMENT
213
LUBRICATION
FILM
GENERATION
IN
TOOTH
CONTACT
214
LUBRICATION
CONDITIONS
215
SPECIFIC
GEAR
AND
TRANSMISSION
FAILURE
217
WEAR
218
SCUFFING
AND
SCORING
218
MICRO-PITTING
219
PITTING
221
TOOTH
FRACTURE
222
GEAR
LUBRICATION
OILS
FOR
MOTOR
VEHICLES
222
LUBRICANTS
FOR GEAR
DRIVES
IN
COMMERCIAL
VEHICLES
224
LUBRICANTS
FOR GEAR
DRIVES
IN
PASSENGER
CARS
227
LUBRICANTS
FOR
AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSIONS
AND
CVTS
231
ATF
LUBRICANT
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
HYDRODYNAMIC
TRANSMISSIONS
232
ATF
LUBRICANT
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
WET
CLUTCHES
AND
BRAKES
233
GEAR
LUBRICATION
OILS
FOR
CVT
APPLICATIONS
236
B-CVT
BELT
DRIVES
237
T-CVT
TRACTION
DRIVES
238
HYDROSTATIC
DYNAMIC
POWERSHIFT
DRIVES
239
MULTIPURPOSE
LUBRICANTS
IN
VEHICLE
GEARS
240
GEAR
LUBRICANTS
FOR
INDUSTRIAL
GEARS
241
VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE
BEHAVIOR
AND
VISCOSITY
INDEX
243
CORROSION
AND
RUST
PROTECTION
243
CONTENTS
I
XV
10.6.3
10.6.4
10.6.5
10.6.6
10.6.7
10.6.8
10.6.9
10.6.10
10.6.11
10.6.12
OXIDATION
STABILITY
243
FLASH
POINT
AND
POUR
POINT
244
DEMULSIBILITY
AND
WATER
SEPARATION
244
AIR
SEPARATION
244
PAINT
COMPATIBILITY
244
SEAL
COMPATIBILITY
244
FOAMING
245
MISCIBILITY
WITH
MINERAL
OILS
245
ENVIRONMENTAL
AND
SKIN
COMPATIBILITY
245
OPEN
GEAR
DRIVES
245
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.3.1
11.3.1.1
11.3.1.2
11.3.1.3
11.3.1.4
11.3.1.5
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.1.1
11.4.1.2
11.4.2
HYDRAULIC
OILS
246
INTRODUCTION
246
HYDRAULIC
PRINCIPLE-PASCAL
'
S
LAW
247
HYDRAULIC
SYSTEMS,
CIRCUITS,
COMPONENTS
248
ELEMENTS
OF
A
HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM
248
PUMPS
AND
MOTORS
248
HYDRAULIC
CYLINDERS
249
VALVES
251
CIRCUIT
COMPONENTS
251
SEALS,
GASKETS
AND
ELASTOMERS
251
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
253
COMPOSITION
OF
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
(BASE
FLUIDS,
ADDITIVES)
253
BASE
OIL,
BASE
FLUID
253
HYDRAULIC
FLUID
ADDITIVES
253
PRIMARY,
SECONDARY
AND
TERTIARY
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
A
HYDRAULIC
FLUID
254
11.4.3
11.4.4
SELECTION
CRITERIA FOR
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
254
CLASSIFICATION
OF
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS-STANDARDIZATION
OF
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
257
11.4.5
11.4.5.1
11.4.5.2
11.4.5.3
11.4.5.4
11.4.5.5
11.4.6
11.4.6.1
11.4.6.2
11.4.6.3
11.4.6.4
11.4.7
11.4.7.1
11.4.7.2
11.4.7.3
MINERAL
OIL-BASED
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
258
H
HYDRAULIC
OILS
259
HL
HYDRAULIC
OILS
259
HLP
HYDRAULIC
OILS
261
HVLP
HYDRAULIC
OILS
261
HLPD
HYDRAULIC
OILS
261
FIRE-RESISTANT
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
265
HFA
FLUIDS
265
HFB
FLUIDS
266
HFC
FLUIDS
266
HFD
FLUIDS
266
BIODEGRADABLE
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
267
HETG:
TRIGLYCERIDE,
VEGETABLE-OIL
TYPES
268
HEES:
SYNTHETIC
ESTER
TYPES
269
HEPG:
POLYGLYCOL
TYPES
270
XVI
I
CONTENTS
11.4.7.4
HEPR:
POLYALPHAOLEFIN
AND
RELATED
HYDROCARBON
PRODUCTS
273
11.4.8
FOOD-GRADE
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
273
11.4.8.1
USDA
H2
LUBRICANTS
273
11.4.8.2
USDA
HL
LUBRICANTS
273
11.4.9
AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION
FLUIDS
(ATF)
274
11.4.10
FLUIDS
IN
TRACTORS
AND
AGRICULTURAL
MACHINERY
274
11.4.11
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
FOR
AIRCRAFT
274
11.4.12
INTERNATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
ON
HYDRAULIC
OILS
275
11.4.13
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
HYDRAULIC
OILS
AND
THEIR
EFFECT
ON
PERFOR
MANCE
275
11.4.13.1
VISCOSITY,
V-T
BEHAVIOR
275
11.4.13.2
VISCOSITY-PRESSURE
BEHAVIOR
279
11.4.13.3
DENSITY
280
11.4.13.4
COMPRESSIBILITY
282
11.4.13.5
GAS
SOLUBILITY,
CAVITATION
282
11.4.13.6
AIR
RELEASE
284
11.4.13.7
FOAMING
285
11.4.13.8
DEMULSIFICATION
285
11.4.13.9
POUR-POINT
286
11.4.13.10
COPPER
CORROSION
BEHAVIOR
(COPPER-STRIP
TEST)
286
11.4.13.11
WATER
CONTENT
(KARL
FISCHER
METHOD)
287
11.4.13.12
AGING
STABILITY
(BAADER
METHOD)
287
11.4.13.13
AGING
STABILITY
(TOST
TEST)
287
11.4.13.14
NEUTRALIZATION
NUMBER
287
11.4.13.15
STEEL/FERROUS
CORROSION
PROTECTION
PROPERTIES
288
11.4.13.16
WEAR
PROTECTION
(SHELL
FOUR-BALL
APPARATUS;
VKA,
DIN
51
350)
288
11.4.13.17
SHEAR
STABILITY
OF
POLYMER-CONTAINING
LUBRICANTS
288
11.4.13.18
MECHANICAL
TESTING
OF
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
IN
ROTARY
VANE
PUMPS
(DIN
51
389-2)
288
11.4.13.19
WEAR
PROTECTION
(FZG
GEAR
RIG
TEST;
DIN
51
354-1
AND
-2)
289
11.5
HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM
FILTERS
289
11.5.1
CONTAMINANTS
IN
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
290
11.5.2
OIL
CLEANLINESS
GRADES
291
11.5.3
FILTRATION
291
11.5.4
REQUIREMENTS
OF
HYDRAULIC
FLUIDS
292
11.6
MACHINE
TOOL
LUBRICATION
293
11.6.1
THE
ROLE
OF
MACHINE
TOOLS
293
11.6.2
MACHINE
TOOL
LUBRICATION
293
11.6.3
MACHINE
TOOL
COMPONENTS-LUBRICANTS
295
11.6.3.1
HYDRAULIC
UNIT
295
11.6.3.2
SLIDEWAYS
296
11.6.3.3
SPINDLES
(MAIN
AND
WORKING
SPINDLES)
297
11.6.3.4
GEARBOXES
AND
BEARINGS
298
11.6.4
MACHINE
TOOL
LUBRICATION
PROBLEMS
298
11.7
SUMMARY
299
CONTENTS
I
XVII
12
COMPRESSOR
OILS
301
12.1
AIR
COMPRESSOR
OILS
301
12.1.1
DISPLACEMENT
COMPRESSORS
303
12.1.1.1
RECIPROCATING
PISTON
COMPRESSORS
303
12.1.1.2
LUBRICATION
OF
RECIPROCATING
PISTON
COMPRESSORS
303
12.1.1.3
ROTARY
PISTON
COMPRESSORS,
SINGLE
SHAFT,
ROTARY
VANE
COMPRESSORS
304
12.1.1.4
LUBRICATION
OF
ROTARY
PISTON
COMPRESSORS
304
12.1.1.5
SCREW
COMPRESSORS
305
12.1.1.6
LUBRICATION
OF
SCREW
COMPRESSORS
305
12.1.1.7
ROOTS
COMPRESSORS
306
12.1.1.8
LUBRICATION
OF
ROOTS
COMPRESSORS
306
12.1.2
DYNAMIC
COMPRESSORS
306
12.1.2.1
TURBO
COMPRESSORS
306
12.1.2.2
LUBRICATION
OF
TURBO
COMPRESSORS
307
12.1.3
PREPARATION
OF
COMPRESSED
AIR
307
12.1.4
LUBRICATION
OF
GAS
COMPRESSORS
307
12.1.4.1
OXYGEN
COMPRESSORS
307
12.1.4.2
ACID
GAS
COMPRESSORS
307
12.1.4.3
INERT
GAS
COMPRESSORS
307
12.1.4.4
HYDROCARBON
COMPRESSORS
307
12.1.4.5
VACUUM
PUMP
LUBRICATION
308
12.1.5
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
COMPRESSOR
OILS
308
12.1.6
STANDARDS
AND
SPECIFICATIONS
OF
COMPRESSOR
OILS
308
12.2
REFRIGERATOR
OILS
316
12.2.1
INTRODUCTION
316
12.2.2
MINIMUM
REQUIREMENTS
OF
REFRIGERATOR
OILS
317
12.2.2.1
DIN
51
503-1:
REFRIGERATOR
OILS.
MINIMUM
REQUIREMENTS
(1997)
317
12.2.3
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
REFRIGERATOR
OILS
318
12.2.3.1
MINERAL
OILS
(MO)-DEWAXED
NAPHTHENIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS
318
12.2.3.2
MINERAL
OILS
(MO)-PARAFFINIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS
318
12.2.3.3
SEMI-SYNTHETIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS-MIXTURES
OF
ALKYLBENZENES
AND
MINERAL
OILS
(MO/AB)
319
12.2.3.4
FULLY
SYNTHETIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS-ALKYLBENZENES
(AB)
320
12.2.3.5
FULLY
SYNTHETIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS-POLYALPHAOLEFINS
(PAO)
320
12.2.3.6
FULLY
SYNTHETIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS-POLYOL
ESTERS
(POE)
320
12.2.3.7
FULLY
SYNTHETIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS-POLYGLYCOLS
(PAG)
FOR
R
134A
322
12.2.3.8
FULLY
SYNTHETIC
REFRIGERATOR
OILS-POLYGLYCOLS
FOR
NH
3
I2
I
12.2.3.9
OTHER
SYNTHETIC
FLUIDS
322
12.2.3.10
REFRIGERATOR
OILS
FOR
CO
2
322
12.2.3.11
COPPER
PLATING
323
12.2.4
TYPES
OF
COMPRESSOR
323
12.2.5
VISCOSITY
SELECTION
323
12.2.5.1
GENERAL
OVERVIEW
323
XVIII
I
CONTENTS
12.2.5.2
MIXTURE
CONCENTRATION
IN
RELATIONSHIP
TO
TEMPERATURE
AND
PRESSURE
(RENISO
TRITON
SE
55-R
134A)
325
12.2.5.3
MIXTURE
VISCOSITY
IN
RELATIONSHIP
TO
TEMPERATURE,
PRESSURE
AND
REFRIGERANT
CONCENTRATION
(RENISO
TRITON
SE
55-R
134A)
326
12.2.5.4
MIXTURE
DENSITY
IN
RELATIONSHIP
TO
TEMPERATURE
AND
REFRIGERANT
CONCENTRATION
(RENISO
TRITON
SE
55-R
134A;
FIG.
12.9)
328
12.2.5.5
MISCIBILITY
GAP,
SOLUBILITY
THRESHOLD
(RENISO
TRITON
SERIES
WITH
R
134A,
FIG.
12.10)
328
12.2.6
SUMMARY
329
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.10
13.11
TURBINE
OILS
330
INTRODUCTION
330
DEMANDS
ON
TURBINE
OILS-CHARACTERISTICS
330
FORMULATION
OF
TURBINE
OILS
331
TURBINE
LUBRICANTS-SPECIFICATIONS
332
TURBINE
OIL
CIRCUITS
337
FLUSHING
TURBINE
OIL
CIRCUITS
342
MONITORING
AND
MAINTENANCE
OF
TURBINE
OILS
343
LIFE
OF
(STEAM)
TURBINE
OILS
343
GAS
TURBINE
OILS-APPLICATION
AND
REQUIREMENTS
344
FIRE-RESISTANT,
WATER-FREE
FLUIDS
FOR
POWER
STATION
APPLICATIONS
345
LUBRICANTS
FOR
WATER
TURBINES
AND
HYDROELECTRIC
PLANTS
346
14
14.1
14.1.1
14.1.2
14.1.3
14.1.3.1
14.1.3.2
14.1.3.3
14.1.3.4
14.1.3.5
14.1.3.6
14.1.3.7
14.1.4
METALWORKING
FLUIDS
347
ACTION
MECHANISM
AND
CUTTING
FLUID
SELECTION
348
LUBRICATION
349
COOLING
350
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
CUTTING
FLUID
WITH
VARIOUS
CUTTING
MATERIALS
352
HIGH-SPEED
STEELS
352
CEMENTED
CARBIDE
METALS
353
COATED
CARBIDE
METALS
353
CERAMIC
MATERIALS
353
CUBIC
BORON
NITRIDE
(CBN)
353
POLYCRYSTALLINE
DIAMOND
(PCD)
354
COATINGS
354
CUTTING
FLUID
SELECTION
FOR
VARIOUS
CUTTING
METHODS
AND
CUTTING
CONDITIONS
354
14.2
FRICTION
AND
WEAR
ASSESSMENT
METHOD
FOR
THE
USE
OF
CUTTING
FLUIDS
356
14.2.1
TOOL
LIFE
AND
NUMBER
OF
PARTS
PRODUCED
BY
THE
TOOL
AS
PRACTICAL
ASSESSMENT
PARAMETERS
357
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
MEASURING
CUTTING
FORCES
IN
SCREENING
TESTS
357
FEED
RATES
AT
CONSTANT
FEED
FORCE
358
MEASURING
TOOL
LIFE
BY
FAST-SCREENING
METHODS
358
CUTTING
GEOMETRY
AND
CHIP
FLOW
359
CONTENTS
I
XIX
14.2.6
OTHER
FAST
TESTING
METHODS
360
14.2.6.1
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT
360
14.2.6.2
RADIOACTIVE
TOOLS
360
14.2.6.3
SURFACE
FINISH
360
14.3
WATER-MISCIBLE
CUTTING
FLUIDS
360
14.3.1
NOMENCLATURE
AND
BREAKDOWN
361
14.3.2
COMPOSITION
363
14.3.2.1
EMULSIFIERS
363
14.3.2.2
VISCOSITY
OF
EMULSIONS
369
14.3.2.3
PHASE
REVERSAL,
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
TYPE
OF
EMULSION
370
14.3.2.4
DEGREE
OF
DISPERSION
371
14.3.2.5
STABILITY
372
14.3.2.6
CORROSION
INHIBITORS
AND
OTHER
ADDITIVES
374
14.3.2.7
CUTTING
FLUIDS
CONTAINING
EMULSIFIERS
376
14.3.2.8
COOLANTS
CONTAINING
POLYGLYCOLS
378
14.3.2.9
SALT
SOLUTIONS
378
14.3.3
CORROSION
PROTECTION
AND
CORROSION
TEST
METHODS
379
14.3.4
CONCENTRATION
OF
WATER-MIXED
CUTTING
FLUIDS
380
14.3.4.1
DETERMINATION
OF
CONCENTRATION
BY
DIN
51
368
(IP
137)
380
14.3.4.2
CONCENTRATION
MEASUREMENT
USING
HAND-HELD
REFRACTOMETERS
381
14.3.4.3
CONCENTRATION
MEASUREMENT
THROUGH
INDIVIDUAL
COMPONENTS
381
14.3.4.4
DETERMINATION
OF
CONCENTRATION
BY
TITRATION
OF
ANIONIC
COMPONENTS
381
14.3.4.5
DETERMINATION
OF
CONCENTRATION
THROUGH
ALKALI
RESERVE
382
14.3.4.6
CONCENTRATION
AFTER
CENTRIFUGING
382
14.3.5
STABILITY
OF
COOLANTS
382
14.3.5.1
DETERMINATION
OF
PHYSICAL
EMULSION
STABILITY
382
14.3.5.2
ELECTROLYTE
STABILITY
383
14.3.5.3
THERMAL
STABILITY
384
14.3.5.4
STABILITY
TO
METAL
CHIPS
385
14.3.6
FOAMING
PROPERTIES
385
14.3.6.1
DEFINITION
AND
ORIGIN
OF
FOAM
386
14.3.6.2
FOAM
PREVENTION
387
14.3.6.3
METHODS
OF
DETERMINING
FOAM
BEHAVIOR
387
14.3.7
METALWORKING
FLUID
MICROBIOLOGY
388
14.3.7.1
HYGIENIC
AND
TOXICOLOGICAL
ASPECTS
OF
MICROORGANISMS
389
14.3.7.2
METHODS
OF
DETERMINING
MICROBIAL
COUNT
390
14.3.7.3
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
RESISTANCE
OF
WATER-MISCIBLE
COOLANTS
TOWARDS
MICROORGANISMS
391
14.3.7.4
REDUCING
OR
AVOIDING
MICROBIAL
GROWTH
IN
COOLANTS
391
14.3.8
PRESERVATION
OF
COOLANTS
WITH
BIOCIDES
393
14.3.8.1
ALDEHYDES
396
14.3.8.2
FORMALDEHYDE
RELEASE
COMPOUNDS
396
14.3.8.3
PHENOL
DERIVATIVES
397
14.3.8.4
COMPOUNDS
DERIVED
FROM
CARBON
DISULFIDE
397
XX
I
CONTENTS
14.3.8.5
14.3.8.6
14.3.8.7
14.3.8.8
14.3.8.9
14.4
14.4.1
ISOTHIAZOLES
397
FUNGICIDES
398
HYPOCHLORITES
398
HYDROGEN
PEROXIDE,
H
2
O
2
39S
QUATERNARY
AMMONIUM
COMPOUNDS
398
NEAT
CUTTING
FLUIDS
398
CLASSIFICATION
OF
NEAT
METALWORKING
OILS
ACCORDING
TO
SPECIFICATIONS
399
14.4.2
14.4.2.1
14.4.2.2
14.4.3
14.4.3.1
14.4.3.2
14.4.3.3
14.4.3.4
14.4.3.5
14.4.3.6
14.4.3.7
14.4.3.8
14.5
14.5.1
14.5.2
14.5.3
14.5.4
14.5.5
14.5.5.1
14.5.5.2
14.5.6
14.5.7
14.6
14.6.1
14.6.1.1
14.6.1.2
14.6.1.3
14.6.1.4
14.6.1.5
14.6.1.6
14.6.1.7
14.6.1.8
14.6.1.9
14.7
14.7.1
14.7.1.1
14.7.1.2
COMPOSITION
OF
NEAT
METALWORKING
FLUIDS
399
BASE
OILS
AND
ADDITIVES
399
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
VISCOSITY
ON
THE
SELECTION
OF
NEAT
PRODUCTS
401
OIL
MIST
AND
OIL
EVAPORATION
BEHAVIOR
401
EVAPORATION
BEHAVIOR
402
LOW-MISTING
OILS
402
THE
CREATION
OF
OIL
MIST
402
SEDIMENTATION
AND
SEPARATION
OF
OIL
MISTS
403
TOXICITY
OF
OIL
MIST
403
OIL
MIST
MEASUREMENT
404
OIL
MIST
INDEX
405
OIL
MIST
CONCENTRATION
IN
PRACTICE
406
MACHINING
WITH
GEOMETRICALLY
DEFINED
CUTTING
EDGES
407
TURNING
407
DRILLING
409
MILLING
409
GEAR
CUTTING
410
DEEP
HOLE
DRILLING
411
DEEP
HOLE
DRILLING
METHODS
412
TASKS
TO
BE
FULFILLED
BY
THE
CUTTING
FLUID
413
THREADING
AND
TAPPING
414
BROACHING
415
MACHINING
WITH
GEOMETRIC
NON-DEFINED
CUTTING
EDGES
416
GRINDING
416
HIGH-SPEED
GRINDING
416
GRINDING
WHEEL
ABRASIVE
MATERIALS
AND
BONDINGS
417
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
GRINDING
FLUIDS
418
SPECIAL
WORKPIECE
MATERIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
418
CBN
HIGH-SPEED
GRINDING
419
HONING
420
HONING
OILS
422
LAPPING
422
LAPPING
POWDER
AND
CARRIER
MEDIA
423
SPECIFIC
MATERIAL
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
MACHINING
OPERATIONS
423
FERROUS
METALS
423
STEEL
423
TOOL
STEELS
424
CONTENTS
I
XXI
14.7.1.3
14.7.1.4
14.7.1.5
14.7.2
14.7.2.1
14.7.2.2
14.7.2.3
14.7.3
14.7.4
14.7.4.1
14.7.4.2
14.7.5
14.8
14.8.1
14.8.1.1
14.8.2
14.8.3
14.8.4
14.8.4.1
14.8.4.2
14.8.4.3
14.8.4.4
14.8.5
HIGH-SPEED
STEELS
(HSS)
424
STAINLESS
STEELS
424
CAST
IRON
425
ALUMINUM
425
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
TYPE
OF
ALUMINUM
ALLOY
425
THE
BEHAVIOR
OF
ALUMINUM
DURING
MACHINING
426
TOOL
MATERIALS
428
MAGNESIUM
AND
ITS
ALLOYS
429
COBALT
430
THE
HEALTH
AND
SAFETY
ASPECTS
OF
CARBIDES
430
USE
OF
CUTTING
OILS
IN
CARBIDE
MACHINING
PROCESSES
431
TITANIUM
431
METALWORKING
FLUID
CIRCULATION
SYSTEM
432
METALWORKING
FLUID
SUPPLY
432
GRINDING
435
INDIVIDUALLY-FILLED
MACHINES
AND
CENTRAL
SYSTEMS
436
TRAMP
OIL
IN
COOLANTS
437
SEPARATION
OF
SOLID
PARTICLES
437
SWARF
CONCENTRATION
AND
FILTER
FINENESS
437
FULL,
PARTIAL
OR
MAIN
FLOW
SOLIDS
SEPARATION
438
FILTRATION
PROCESSES
439
SOLIDS
SEPARATION
EQUIPMENT
442
PLASTICS
AND
SEALING
MATERIALS
IN
MACHINE
TOOLS-COMPATIBILITY
WITH
CUTTING
FLUIDS
446
14.8.6
MONITORING
AND
MAINTENANCE
OF
NEAT
AND
WATER-MISCIBLE
CUTTING
FLUIDS
448
14.8.6.1
14.8.6.2
14.8.6.3
14.8.6.4
14.8.6.5
14.8.7
14.8.7.1
14.8.7.2
14.8.7.3
14.8.7.4
14.8.7.5
14.8.7.6
14.8.7.7
14.8.7.8
14.9
14.9.1
14.9.1.1
STORAGE
OF
CUTTING
FLUIDS
448
MIXING
WATER-MISCIBLE
CUTTING
FLUIDS
448
MONITORING
CUTTING
FLUIDS
449
CUTTING
FLUID
MAINTENANCE
451
CORRECTIVE
MAINTENANCE
FOR
NEAT
AND
WATER-MISCIBLE
CUTTING
FLUIDS
452
SPLITTING
AND
DISPOSAL
455
DISPOSAL
OF
CUTTING
FLUIDS
455
EVALUATION
CRITERIA FOR
CUTTING
FLUID
WATER
PHASES
455
ELECTROLYTE
SEPARATION
457
EMULSION
SEPARATION
BY
FLOTATION
458
SPLITTING
OF
EMULSIONS
WITH
ADSORBENTS
458
SEPARATING
WATER-MISCIBLE
CUTTING
FLUIDS
BY
THERMAL
METHODS
459
ULTRAFILTRATION
461
EVALUATION
OF
DISPOSAL
METHODS
462
COOLANT
COSTS
462
COOLANT
APPLICATION
COSTS
462
INVESTMENT
COSTS
(DEPRECIATION,
FINANCING
COSTS,
MAINTENANCE
COSTS)
462
14.9.1.2
ENERGY
COSTS
463
XXII
I
CONTENTS
14.9.1.3
14.9.1.4
14.9.1.5
14.9.1.6
14.9.2
14.9.2.1
14.9.2.2
14.10
14.10.1
14.10.1.1
14.10.1.2
14.10.1.3
14.10.1.4
14.10.2
14.10.2.1
14.10.2.2
14.10.2.3
14.10.2.4
14.10.2.5
COOLANT
AND
COOLANT
ADDITIVES
463
COOLANT
MONITORING
463
OTHER
AUXILIARIES
463
COOLANT
SEPARATION
AND
DISPOSAL
463
COOLANT
APPLICATION
COSTS
WITH
CONSTANT
SYSTEM
463
SPECIFIC
COOLANT
COSTS
463
OPTIMIZATION
OF
COOLANT
USE
BY
COMPUTER
467
NEW
TRENDS
IN
COOLANT
TECHNOLOGY
469
OIL
INSTEAD
OF
EMULSION
469
FLUID
FAMILIES
AND
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
FLUIDS
FOR MACHINE
TOOLS
470
WASHING
LINES
471
DE-OILING
OF
CHIPS
AND
MACHINED
COMPONENTS
471
FUTURE
PERSPECTIVES
-
UNIFLUID
472
MINIMUM
QUANTITY
LUBRICATION
472
CONSIDERATIONS
WHEN
DISPENSING
WITH
COOLANTS
473
MINIMUM
QUANTITY
LUBRICATION
SYSTEMS
474
COOLANTS
FOR
MINIMUM
QUANTITY
LUBRICATION
475
OIL
MIST
TESTS
WITH
MINIMUM
QUANTITY
LUBRICATION
477
PRODUCT
OPTIMIZATION
OF
A
MINIMUM
QUANTITY
COOLANT
MEDIUM
FOR
DRILLING
479
15
15.1
15.1.1
15.1.2
15.1.2.1
15.1.2.2
15.1.2.3
15.1.2.4
15.1.2.5
15.1.2.6
15.1.2.7
15.1.3
15.1.3.1
FORMING
LUBRICANTS
481
SHEET
METAL
WORKING
LUBRICANTS
481
PROCESSES
482
BASIC
TERMS
IN
FORMING
PROCESSES
482
LATTICE
STRUCTURE
OF
METALS
482
YIELD
STRENGTH
483
STRAIN
483
FLOW
CURVE
483
EFFICIENCY
OF
DEFORMATION,
RESISTANCE
TO
FORMING,
SURFACE
PRESSURE
485
STRAIN
RATE
485
ANISOTROPY,
TEXTURE,
R
VALUE
485
DEEP
DRAWING
486
FRICTION
AND
LUBRICATION
IN
THE
DIFFERENT
AREAS
OF
A
DEEP
DRAWING
OPERATION
486
15.1.3.2
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
LUBRICATION
DEPENDENT
UPON
SHEET
METAL
THICKNESS,
DRAWN-PART
SIZE
AND
THE
EFFICIENCY
OF
DEFORMATION
490
15.1.3.3
15.1.4
15.1.5
15.1.5.1
15.1.5.2
15.1.6
15.1.6.1
15.1.6.2
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
SUITABILITY
OF
LUBRICANTS
FOR
DEEP
DRAWING
492
STRETCH
DRAWING
AND
A
COMBINATION
OF
STRETCH
AND
DEEP
DRAWING
493
SHEAR
CUTTING
494
STAMPING
495
FINEBLANKING
498
MATERIAL
AND
SURFACE
MICROSTRUCTURE
500
MATERIAL
500
SURFACE
MICROSTRUCTURE
[15.17-15.19]
501
CONTENTS
I
XXIII
15.1.7
TOOLS
USED
IN
SHEET
METAL
FORMING
OPERATIONS
502
15.1.8
LUBRICANTS
FOR
SHEET
METAL
FORMING
504
15.1.8.1
BEFORE
FORMING
504
15.1.8.2
LUBRICANT
BEHAVIOR
DURING
FORMING
507
15.1.8.3
AFTER
FORMING
507
15.1.8.4
TRENDS
IN
SHEET
METAL
FORMING
LUBRICANTS
508
15.1.9
CORROSION
PROTECTION
509
15.1.9.1
CORROSION
MECHANISMS
509
15.1.9.2
TEMPORARY
CORROSION
PROTECTION
510
15.1.9.3
CORROSION
TESTS
512
15.1.10
REMOVAL
OF
FORMING
LUBRICANTS-INDUSTRIAL
CLEANERS
512
15.1.10.1
INTERMEDIATE
CLEANING
IN
MECHANICAL
MANUFACTURE
513
15.1.10.2
CLEANING
BEFORE
HEAT
TREATMENT
AND
SURFACE
COATING
513
15.1.10.3
CLEANING
DURING
MAINTENANCE
514
15.1.10.4
CLEANING
METHODS
AND
AGENTS
514
15.1.10.5
SYSTEMATIZATION
OF
CLEANERS
515
15.1.11
TESTING
TRIBOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
522
15.1.12
SHEET
METAL
FORMING
IN
AUTOMOBILE
MANUFACTURING
524
15.1.12.1
PRELUBES
524
15.1.12.2
SKIN
PASSING
526
15.1.12.3
COIL
OILING
526
15.1.12.4
TRANSPORT
AND
STORAGE
OF
SHEET
METAL
526
15.1.12.5
WASHING
OF
STEEL
STRIPS
AND
BLANKS
526
15.1.12.6
ADDITIONAL
LUBRICATION
527
15.1.12.7
PRESSING
527
15.1.12.8
TRANSPORT
AND
STORAGE
OF
PRESSED
PARTS
529
15.1.12.9
WELDING
AND
BONDING
[15.33]
529
15.1.12.10
CLEANING
AND
PHOSPHATING
529
15.1.12.11
CATAPHORETIC
PAINTING
530
15.1.12.12
SAVINGS
POTENTIAL
USING
PRELUBES
530
15.2
LUBRICANTS
FOR
WIRE,
TUBE,
AND
PROFILE
DRAWING
530
15.2.1
FRICTION
AND
LUBRICATION,
TOOLS,
AND
MACHINES
530
15.2.1.1
FORMING
CLASSIFICATION
530
15.2.1.2
FRICTION
AND
LUBRICATION,
MACHINES
AND
TOOLS
WHEN
WIRE
DRAWING
531
15.2.1.3
DRAWING
FORCE
AND
TENSION
532
15.2.1.4
DRAWING
TOOL
AND
WEAR
534
15.2.1.5
WIRE
CRACKS
536
15.2.1.6
HYDRODYNAMIC
DRAWING
536
15.2.1.7
WIRE
FRICTION
ON
CONE
537
15.2.1.8
LUBRICANT
FEED
IN
WET
DRAWING
539
15.2.1.9
DRY
DRAWING
539
15.2.1.10
APPLYING
LUBRICANT
AS
PASTES
OR
HIGH-VISCOSITY
PRODUCTS
540
15.2.2
DRAWING
COPPER
WIRE
540
15.2.2.1
LUBRICANTS
541
15.2.2.2
LUBRICANT
CONCENTRATION
543
XXIV
CONTENTS
15.2.2.3
SOLUBILITY
OF
COPPER
REACTION
PRODUCTS
543
15.2.2.4
WATER
QUALITY
AND
ELECTROLYTE
STABILITY
543
15.2.2.5
LABORATORY
TESTING
METHODS
544
15.2.2.6
LUBRICANT
TEMPERATURE
545
15.2.2.7
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
LUBRICANT
ON
WIRE
ENAMELING
545
15.2.2.8
CIRCULATION
SYSTEMS,
CLEANING
AND
DISPOSAL
OF
DRAWING
EMULSIONS
545
15.2.3
DRAWING
OF
STEEL
WIRE
546
15.2.3.1
REQUIREMENTS
546
15.2.3.2
LUBRICANT
CARRIER
LAYERS
547
15.2.3.3
LIME
AS
A
LUBRICANT
CARRIER
547
15.2.3.4
BORAX
AS
LUBRICANT
CARRIER
547
15.2.3.5
PHOSPHATE
AS
LUBRICANT
CARRIER
547
15.2.3.6
OXALATE
COATINGS
AND
SILICATES
548
15.2.3.7
LUBRICANTS
FOR
STEEL
WIRE
DRAWING
548
15.2.4
DRAWING
ALUMINUM
WIRE
550
15.2.4.1
DRAWING
MACHINES
AND
LUBRICATION
550
15.2.4.2
LUBRICANTS
FOR
ALUMINUM
WIRE
DRAWING
550
15.2.5
WIRE
FROM
OTHER
MATERIALS
551
15.2.5.1
STAINLESS
STEEL
551
15.2.5.2
NICKEL
551
15.2.5.3
TUNGSTEN
552
15.2.6
PROFILE
DRAWING
552
15.2.6.1
LUBRICATING
TASKS
IN
PROFILE
DRAWING
553
15.2.6.2
PRETREATMENT
AND
THE
USE
OF
LUBRICANT
WHEN
PROFILE
DRAWING
STEEL
553
15.2.7
TUBE
DRAWING
553
15.2.7.1
PIPE
DRAWING
METHODS
554
15.2.7.2
TOOLS
AND
TOOL
COATINGS
554
15.2.7.3
LUBRICANTS
AND
SURFACE
PRETREATMENT
FOR
TUBE
DRAWING
556
15.2.8
HYDROFORMING
558
15.2.8.1
PROCESS
PRINCIPLE
559
15.2.8.2
PROCESS
CONFIGURATION
560
15.2.8.3
TRIBOLOGICAL
ASPECTS
OF
HYDROFORMING
560
15.2.8.4
LUBRICANTS
FOR
HYDROFORMING
562
15.3
LUBRICANTS
FOR
ROLLING
563
15.3.1
GENERAL
563
15.3.1.1
ROLLING
SPEED
564
15.3.1.2
RATIONALIZATION
564
15.3.1.3
SURFACE
AND
MATERIAL
QUALITY
564
15.3.1.4
HYGIENIC
COMMERCIAL
REQUIREMENTS
564
15.3.2
FRICTION
AND
LUBRICATION
WHEN
ROLLING
565
15.3.3
ROLLING
STEEL
SHEET
568
15.3.3.1
HOT
ROLLING
568
15.3.3.2
SHEET
COLD
ROLLING
570
15.3.3.3
FINEST
SHEET
COLD
ROLLING
574
15.3.3.4
COLD
ROLLING
OF
HIGH
ALLOY
STEEL
SHEET
575
CONTENTS
|
XXV
15.3.4
15.3.5
15.3.6
15.3.7
15.4
ROLLING
ALUMINUM
SHEET
577
ALUMINUM
HOT
ROLLING
577
ALUMINUM
COLD
ROLLING
578
ROLLING
OTHER
MATERIALS
579
SOLID
METAL
FORMING
LUBRICANTS
(SOLID
FORMING,
FORGING
AND
EXTRUSION)
580
15.4.1
15.4.1.1
15.4.1.2
15.4.1.3
15.4.1.4
15.4.2
15.4.2.1
15.4.2.2
15.4.2.3
15.4.3
15.4.3.1
15.4.3.2
15.4.3.3
15.4.3.4
PROCESSES
580
UPSETTING
580
EXTRUSION
581
IMPRESSION
DIE
FORGING
581
OPEN
DIE
FORGING
581
FORMING
TEMPERATURES
581
COLD
581
WARM
582
HOT
582
FRICTION
AND
LUBRICATION
WITH
COLD
EXTRUSION
AND
COLD
FORGING
582
FRICTION
AND
LUBRICANT
TESTING
METHODS
583
SELECTION
CRITERIA
FOR
LUBRICANTS
AND
LUBRICATION
TECHNOLOGY
585
LUBRICATING
OILS
FOR
COLD
EXTRUSION
OF
STEEL
(EXTRUSION
OILS)
586
PHOSPHATE
COATINGS
AND
SOAP
LUBRICANTS
FOR
COLD
EXTRUSION
OF
STEEL
588
15.4.3.5
15.4.4
15.4.4.1
15.4.4.2
15.4.4.3
15.4.4.4
15.4.5
15.4.5.1
15.4.5.2
15.4.6
15.4.6.1
15.4.7
15.4.8
15.4.9
SOLID
LUBRICANTS
FOR
COLD
EXTRUSION
OF
STEEL
591
WARM
EXTRUSION
AND
FORGING
593
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
UP
TO
350
C
595
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
350
TO
500
C
595
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
500
TO
600
C
595
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
600
C
595
LUBRICATION
WHEN
HOT
FORGING
596
DEMANDS
ON
HOT
FORGING
LUBRICANTS
597
LUBRICANT
TESTING
METHODS
598
HOT
FORGING
OF
STEEL
598
LUBRICANTS
599
ALUMINUM
FORGING
600
ISOTHERMAL
AND
HOT
DIE
FORGING
601
APPLICATION
AND
SELECTION
OF
LUBRICANT
601
16
16.1
16.1.1
16.1.2
16.1.3
16.1.4
16.1.5
16.2
16.2.1
LUBRICATING
CREASES
603
INTRODUCTION
603
DEFINITION
603
HISTORY
603
ADVANTAGES
OVER
LUBRICATING
OILS
604
DISADVANTAGES
604
CLASSIFICATION
605
THICKENERS
606
SIMPLE
SOAPS
606
XXVI
I
CONTENTS
16.2.1.1
SOAP
ANIONS
606
16.2.1.2
SOAP
CATIONS
606
16.2.1.3
LITHIUM
SOAPS
607
16.2.1.4
CALCIUM
SOAPS
609
16.2.1.5
SODIUM
SOAPS
609
16.2.1.6
OTHER
SOAPS
610
16.2.1.7
CATION
MIXED
SOAPS
M
I
X/M
2
X
610
16.2.1.8
ANION
MIXED
SOAPS
MXJ/MXZ
611
16.2.2
COMPLEX
SOAPS
611
16.2.2.1
LITHIUM
COMPLEX
SOAPS
611
16.2.2.2
CALCIUM
COMPLEX
SOAPS
613
16.2.2.3
CALCIUM
SULFONATE
COMPLEX
SOAPS
613
16.2.2.4
ALUMINUM
COMPLEX
SOAPS
614
16.2.2.5
OTHER
COMPLEX
SOAPS
614
16.2.3
OTHER
IONIC
ORGANIC
THICKENERS
615
16.2.4
NON-IONIC
ORGANIC
THICKENERS
615
16.2.4.1
DIUREAS
AND
TETRAUREAS
615
16.2.4.2
OTHER
NON-IONIC
ORGANIC
THICKENERS
617
16.2.5
INORGANIC
THICKENERS
617
16.2.5.1
CLAYS
617
16.2.5.2
HIGHLY
DISPERSED
SILICIC
ACID
617
16.2.6
MISCELLANEOUS
THICKENERS
617
16.2.7
TEMPORARILY
THICKENED
FLUIDS
618
16.3
BASE
OILS
619
16.3.1
MINERAL
OILS
619
16.3.2
SYNTHETIC
BASE
OILS
620
16.3.2.1
SYNTHETIC
HYDROCARBONS
620
16.3.2.2
OTHER
SYNTHETIC
BASE
OILS
620
16.3.2.3
IMMISCIBLE
BASE
OIL
MIXTURES
621
16.4
GREASE
STRUCTURE
621
16.5
ADDITIVES
622
16.5.1
STRUCTURE
MODIFIERS
622
16.5.2
ANTIRUST
ADDITIVES
(CORROSION
INHIBITORS)
623
16.5.3
EXTREME
PRESSURE
AND
ANTI-WEAR
ADDITIVES
623
16.5.4
SOLID
LUBRICANTS
623
16.5.5
FRICTION
MODIFIERS
624
16.6
MANUFACTURE
OF
GREASES
624
16.6.1
METAL
SOAP-BASED
GREASES
624
16.6.1.1
BATCH
PRODUCTION
WITH
PREFORMED
METAL
SOAPS
624
16.6.1.2
BATCH
PRODUCTION
WITH
METAL
SOAPS
PREPARED
IN-SITU
625
16.6.1.3
CONTINUOUS
PRODUCTION
626
16.6.2
OLIGOUREA
GREASES
627
16.6.3
GEL
GREASES
627
16.7
GREASE
RHEOLOGY
627
16.8
GREASE
PERFORMANCE
628
CONTENTS
I
XXVII
16.8.1
16.8.2
16.9
16.9.1
16.9.1.1
16.9.2
16.9.3
16.9.4
16.9.5
16.9.6
16.9.7
16.9.8
16.9.9
16.9.10
16.9.11
16.10
16.11
16.12
TEST
METHODS
630
ANALYTICAL
METHODS
632
APPLICATIONS
OF
GREASES
632
ROLLER
BEARINGS
633
RE-LUBRICATION
INTERVALS
634
CARS,
TRUCKS,
CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLES
636
STEEL
MILLS
639
MINING
640
RAILROAD,
RAILWAY
640
GEARS
641
FOOD-GRADE
APPLICATIONS
641
TEXTILE
MACHINES
641
APPLICATION
TECHNIQUES
642
SPECIAL
AND
LIFETIME
APPLICATIONS
642
APPLICATIONS
WITH
POLYMERIC
MATERIALS
642
GREASE
MARKET
643
ECOLOGY
AND
THE
ENVIRONMENT
645
GREASE
TRIBOLOGY
646
17
17.1
17.1.1
17.1.2
17.1.2.1
17.1.2.2
SOLID
LUBRICATION
647
CLASSIFICATION
OF
SOLID
LUBRICANTS
647
CLASS
1:
STRUCTURAL
LUBRICANTS
648
CLASS
2:
MECHANICAL
LUBRICANTS
649
SELF-LUBRICATING
SUBSTANCES
649
SUBSTANCES
WITH
LUBRICATING
PROPERTIES
THAT
NEED
A
SUPPORTING
MEDIUM
651
17.1.2.3
SUBSTANCES
WITH
INDIRECT
LUBRICATING
PROPERTIES
BASED
ON
THEIR
HARDNESS
(PHYSICAL
VAPOR
DEPOSITION
(PVD),
CHEMICAL
VAPOR
DEPOSITION
(CVD),
AND
DIAMOND-LIKE
CARBON
(DLC)
LAYERS)
652
17.1.3
17.1.4
17.2
17.2.1
17.2.1.1
17.2.1.2
17.2.2
17.2.3
17.2.4
17.2.5
17.2.6
17.2.7
17.2.8
17.2.9
17.3
CLASS
3:
SOAPS
652
CLASS
4:
CHEMICALLY
ACTIVE
LUBRICANTS
652
CHARACTERISTICS
653
THE
CRYSTAL
STRUCTURES
OF
LAMELLAR
SOLID
LUBRICANTS
653
GRAPHITE
653
MOLYBDENUM
DISULFIDE
653
HEAT
STABILITY
654
MELTING
POINT
654
THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY
654
ADSORBED
FILMS
655
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
655
CHEMICAL
STABILITY
655
PURITY
655
PARTICLE
SIZE
656
PRODUCTS
CONTAINING
SOLID
LUBRICANTS
656
XXVIII
CONTENTS
17.3.1
17.3.1.1
17.3.2
17.3.3
17.3.4
17.3.5
17.4
17.4.1
17.4.2
17.4.3
17.4.4
17.4.5
POWDERS
656
SOLID
LUBRICANTS
IN
CARRYING
MEDIA
657
DISPERSIONS
AND
SUSPENSIONS
657
GREASES
AND
GREASE
PASTES
657
PASTES
659
DRY-FILM
LUBRICANTS
659
INDUSTRIAL
USES
OF
PRODUCTS
CONTAINING
SOLID
LUBRICANTS
663
SCREW
LUBRICATION
664
ROLLER-BEARING
LUBRICATION
665
SLIDE
BEARING,
SLIDE
GUIDEWAY,
AND
SLIDE
SURFACE
LUBRICATION
666
CHAIN
LUBRICATION
666
PLASTIC
AND
ELASTOMER
LUBRICATION
666
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.3.1
18.3.2
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.7.1
18.7.2
18.7.3
18.8
18.9
18.10
18.11
18.12
18.13
18.14
18.15
18.16
18.17
18.18
18.19
LABORATORY
METHODS
FOR
TESTING
LUBRICANTS
668
INTRODUCTION
668
DENSITY
668
VISCOSITY
668
CAPILLARY
VISCOMETERS
669
ROTARY
VISCOMETERS
669
REFRACTIVE
INDEX
670
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSES
670
FLASH
POINT
670
SURFACE
PHENOMENA
671
AIR
RELEASE
671
DEMULSIBILITY
671
FOAMING
CHARACTERISTICS
671
CLOUD
POINT,
POUR
POINT
672
ANILINE
POINT
672
WATER
CONTENT
672
ASH
CONTENT
672
ACIDITY,
ALKALINITY
673
AGING
TESTS
673
HYDROLYTIC
STABILITY
674
CORROSION
TESTS
674
OIL
COMPATIBILITY
OF
SEALS
AND
INSULATING
MATERIALS
675
EVAPORATION
LOSS
675
ANALYSIS
OF
GREASE
675
LIST
OF
EQUIVALENT
STANDARDIZED
METHODS
FOR
TESTING
LUBRICANTS
675
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.3.1
19.3.2
MECHANICAL-DYNAMIC
TESTING
METHODS
FOR
LUBRICANTS
683
TRIBOLOGICAL
SYSTEM
CATEGORIES
WITHIN
LUBRICANT
TESTS
683
STANDARDIZED
AND
NON-STANDARDIZED
TEST
METHODS
FOR
LUBRICANTS
684
COMMON
MECHANICAL-DYNAMIC
TESTERS
692
FOUR-BALL
APPARATUS
692
REICHERT
FRICTION
WEAR
TESTER
693
CONTENTS
I
XXIX
REFERENCES
707
19.3.3
THE
FALEX
TESTER
694
19.3.4
TIMKEN
TESTER
695
19.3.5
TRANSLATORY
OSCILLATION
APPARATUS
(SRV)
696
19.3.6
FZG
GEAR
TEST
RIG
697
19.3.6.1
LOAD
STAGE
TEST
698
19.3.6.2
MICRO-PITTING-TEST
699
19.3.6.3
PITTING
LOAD
CAPACITY
TEST
699
19.3.6.4
WEAR
LOAD
CAPACITY
TEST
700
19.3.6.5
GEAR
EFFICIENCY
TEST
701
19.3.7
FAG
FE9
ROLLER
BEARING
GREASE
TESTER
702
19.3.8
FAG
FE8
ROLLER
BEARING
GREASE
TESTER
703
19.3.9
SYNCHRONIZER
RIG
SSP
180
704
19.3.10
DIESEL
INJECTION
NOZZLE
705
19.3.11
VANE
PUMP
705
19.4
INTERPRETATION
AND
PRECISION
OF
LUBRICANT
TESTS
706
SUBJECT
INDEX
749 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)106920987 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013568879 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TJ1075 |
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| callnumber-subject | TJ - Mechanical Engineering and Machinery |
| classification_rvk | ZL 3800 |
| classification_tum | CIT 610f MAS 130f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)845343019 (DE-599)BVBBV013568879 |
| dewey-full | 621.8/9 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.8/9 |
| dewey-search | 621.8/9 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.8 19 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Maschinenbau |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV013568879 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-09-06T00:13:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3527295364 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009267729 |
| oclc_num | 845343019 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-526 |
| owner_facet | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-526 |
| physical | XXXIX, 759 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Lubricants and lubrications ed. by Theo Mang ... Weinheim [u.a.] Wiley-VCH 2001 XXXIX, 759 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lubrication and lubricants Tribology Schmierstoff (DE-588)4077131-3 gnd rswk-swf Schmierstoff (DE-588)4077131-3 s DE-604 Mang, Theo 1938- Sonstige (DE-588)106920987 oth DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009267729&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lubricants and lubrications Lubrication and lubricants Tribology Schmierstoff (DE-588)4077131-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077131-3 |
| title | Lubricants and lubrications |
| title_auth | Lubricants and lubrications |
| title_exact_search | Lubricants and lubrications |
| title_full | Lubricants and lubrications ed. by Theo Mang ... |
| title_fullStr | Lubricants and lubrications ed. by Theo Mang ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lubricants and lubrications ed. by Theo Mang ... |
| title_short | Lubricants and lubrications |
| title_sort | lubricants and lubrications |
| topic | Lubrication and lubricants Tribology Schmierstoff (DE-588)4077131-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lubrication and lubricants Tribology Schmierstoff |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009267729&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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