Basics of heart failure: a problem solving approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
Kluwer Acad. Publ.
2000
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Developments in cardiovascular medicine
228 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 306 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0792377869 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Jaski, Brian E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Basics of heart failure |b a problem solving approach |c Brian E. Jaski |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston [u.a.] |b Kluwer Acad. Publ. |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 306 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Developments in cardiovascular medicine |v 228 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Hartzwakte |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Insuffisance cardiaque | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Insuffisance cardiaque - Traitement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Heart Failure |x diagnosis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Heart Failure |x physiopathology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Heart Failure |x therapy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Heart failure | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Basics of Heart Failure
Part I — The Problem of Heart Failure
Author s Note xv
Introduction
Clinical Definition of Heart Failure 1
The Spectrum of Heart Failure 1
Chapter 1 — Population
Incidence and Prevalence of Heart Failure 3
Death from Heart Failure 4
Increase in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) as Etiology of Heart
Failure Over Four Decades 5
Hypertension and Heart Failure 6
Relationship Between Severity of Heart Failure and One year Mortality 7
Etiology of Sudden Death 7
Heart Failure in Men vs. Women 8
The Economic Cost of Heart Failure 9
Biographical Sketch: Paul Dudley White 10
Chapter Quiz 11
Chapter 2 — Individual
Presentations of Heart Failure 13
Forward vs. Backward Heart Failure 14
Biographical Sketch: Samuel Levine 16
Left vs. Right Sided Heart Failure 1 7
Clinical Criteria for Heart Failure 1 8
Cardiac Presentations in Patients with Heart Failure 19
Predictive Value of Clinical Findings for Estimating Hemodynamics
in Heart Failure 20
Use of Inducible Abdominojugular Reflux to Increase Sensitivity of
Physical Exam in Heart Failure 21
Chapter Quiz 22
Chapter 3 — Circulation
Block Diagram of Circulation 25
Normal and Heart Failure Hemodynamics 25
Heart Failure Reduces Peak Oxygen Consumption with Exercise 27
Ventricular Pressure Volume Relationships 29
viii Basics of Heart Failure
Vascular Tone Affects Ventricular Afterload and Preload 31
The Frank Starling Curve 32
Heart Failure and Afterload 32
Relationships among Physiologic, Clinical, and Ventricular
Function Variables 33
Indices Used to Assess Ventricular Function 35
Relationship Between Filling Pressures and Blood Volume 36
Relationship Between Cardiac Output and Vascular Tone 37
Interaction of the Sympathetic Nervous System and the Circulation 37
Orthostatic Tilt in Normal vs. Heart Failure Subjects 39
Forearm Vascular Resistance in Normal vs. Heart Failure Subjects 40
Plasma Norepinephrine Predicts Prognosis 40
Interaction of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)
and the Circulation 41
Mortality Increases with Chronic Use of Positive Inotropes 43
Neurohormonal Responses to Impaired Cardiac Performance are
Initially Adaptive, but Deleterious if Sustained 44
Effects of Neurohormones and Cytokine Stimulation on the Heart
and the Systemic Vasculature in Heart Failure 45
Activation of Neurohormonal Systems in Patients with Heart Failure 46
Other Mediators Involved in the Progression of Heart Failure 47
Biographical Sketch: William Harvey 50
Chapter Quiz 51
Chapter 4 — Organ
The Heart as a Target Organ 53
Electrical and Pressure Events in Systole and Diastole 54
Circulatory Flow Patterns 55
Ventricular Pressure Volume Relationships 56
Systolic Dysfunction 57
Diastolic Dysfunction 57
Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction and the Frank Starling Curve 58
Wall Stress within the Myocardium: LaPlace s Law 60
Concentric vs. Dilated Hypertrophy 61
Hypothesis: Increased Wall Stress Initiates Concentric and Dilated
Hypertrophy 62
Stages of Cardiac Disease 63
Pathophysiology of Diastolic Dysfunction 64
Causes of Increased Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressure 64
Nonuniformity as a Determinant of Contraction and Relaxation 66
Chapter Quiz 67
A Problem Solving Approach ix
Chapter 5 — Cell
The Cardiac Muscle Cell 69
Oxidative Phosphorylation 72
Energy Utilization in Heart Failure 72
Myocyte Time course of Excitation, Calcium Release, and
Contraction 73
Myocyte Intracellular Calcium Release and Reuptake 73
Relationship between Intracellular Calcium Concentration and
Force of Contraction 74
Catecholamine Receptor Types 75
The Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell 76
Relationship between Force and Calcium Concentration in the
Smooth Muscle Cell 78
Comparison of c AMP Pathways to Increase Cardiac Contractility
and Vascular Vasodilation 79
Chapter Quiz 81
Chapter 6 — Sarcomere
Sarcomere Structure 83
Myosin Structure 84
Actin Structure 84
Activation of Contraction 85
The Power Stroke 85
Chapter Quiz 86
Chapter 7 — Gene
Signal Transduction Pathways for Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy 89
Evidence of Apoptosis in Heart Failure 90
Animal Model of Apoptosis 91
Inducible Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNF oc) in Patients with Dilated
Cardiomyopathy 92
Chapter Quiz 93
Chapter 8 — Molecule
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 95
Effects of Phospholamban Phosphorylation on the Calcium Pump
of the Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 97
Chapter Quiz 98
x Basics of Heart Failure
Part II: The Management of Heart Failure
Chapter 9 — Diagnosis
Assessment of Heart Failure 99
Step 1: Does Presentation Fit the Diagnosis of Heart Failure? 101
Step 2: LV Function — Echocardiogram 109
Step 3: Causes 110
Evaluation of the Heart Failure Patient for Myocardial
Revascularization 112
Patients with a History of Myocardial Infarction but without
Significant Angina 113
Example of Hibernating Myocardium 114
Detecting Ischemic vs. Hibernating Myocardium 115
Nuclear Scintigraphy vs. Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
for Detecting Myocardial Ischemia 116
Chronic Pressure or Volume Overload 117
Dilated Cardiomyopathy 118
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy 120
Cardiomyopathy due to Sustained Supraventricular Tachycardia 121
Transvenous Cardiac Biopsy: Endomyocardial Biopsy (EMB) 121
Diastolic Dysfunction 122
Doppler Flow Patterns Seen in Presence of
Impaired Diastolic Dysfunction 125
Diastolic Dysfunction due to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 128
Diastolic Dysfunction due to Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 131
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy due to Amyloidosis 132
Three Potentially Treatable Diagnoses Other Than Systolic or
Diastolic Dysfunction 133
Valvular Heart Disease 135
Aortic Stenosis 135
Aortic Regurgitation 136
Mitral Regurgitation 137
Mitral Stenosis 137
Valve Replacement or Repair 138
Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty 138
Congenital Heart Disease 138
Transesophageal Echocardiogram 139
Mechanical Valve Thrombosis 139
Pericardial Disease 141
Constrictive Pericarditis vs. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 142
Cor Pulmonale 144
Case Scenarios 145
A Problem Solving Approach xi
Chapter 10 — Outpatient Therapy
Objectives and Priorities in Therapy 149
Outpatient Counseling and Education 151
Questions Frequently Asked by Patients 153
Primary Prevention of Left Ventricular Dysfunction 156
ACE Inhibitors Can Prevent Progression to Heart Failure in Patients
with Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction 156
Summary of Pharmacologic Treatment of Left Ventricular Systolic
Dysfunction 157
Hemodynamic Effects of Vasoactive Mediators in Heart Failure 158
Outpatient Therapy for Volume Overload 159
ACE Inhibitors 160
The Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Trial 161
Increasing Indications for ACE Inhibitors and Left Ventricular
Dysfunction 162
Following Acute Myocardial Infarction, the ACE Inhibitor Captopril
Blunts Increases in LV End diastolic Volume 163
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) 165
Additional Vasodilator Management 167
Sublingual Captopril vs. Sublingual Nitroglycerin 168
The PRAISE Trial with Amlodipine 169
Biographical Sketch: William Withering 1 71
Digoxin 172
(3 Blockers: The Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial 1 74
Carvedilol 175
Effects of Carvedilol on Heart Size: Australia/New Zealand Trial 1 76
Commonly Used Medications in Patients with Heart Failure 1 78
Treatment of Diastolic Dysfunction 180
Obstructive vs. Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 182
Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure 185
Amiodarone 187
Assessment and Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias Associated
with Left Ventricular Dysfunction 188
Anticoagulation 189
Heart Failure Clinic 190
Referral or Consideration for Cardiac Transplantation 192
Principal Developments in Cardiac Transplantation 194
Cause of Death Following Cardiac Transplant (1 985 1995) 195
Case Scenarios 197
xii Basics of Heart Failure
Chapter 11 — Inpatient Therapy
Worsening Heart Failure vs. Other Cardiac Events Leading to
Hospital Admission 201
Precipitating Factors of Worsening Heart Failure 202
Hospital Admission Guidelines 204
Hospital Discharge Guidelines 204
Initial Testing 205
Initial Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Edema 205
Indications for Pulmonary Artery Balloon Flotation Catheter (Swan Ganz) 206
Why I like the right IJ approach for Swan Ganz catheter placement... 206
Biographical Sketch: Werner Forssmann 208
Persistent Heart Failure 209
Hemofiltration With or Without Dialysis 210
Pharmacologic Management 211
Intravenous Drug Therapy and Acute Heart Failure 212
Nitrates (Vasodilators) 213
Milrinone (Inotrope/Vasodilator) 214
Dobutamine (Inotrope) 214
Dopamine (Inotrope/Vasoconstrictor) 215
Comparative Hemodynamic Effects of Nitroprusside vs. Milrinone 216
Comparative Hemodynamic Effects of Milrinone vs. Dobutamine 218
Comparison of Dobutamine vs. Dopamine 219
Dobutamine, Milrinone, and Nitroprusside: Effects on
LV Contractility vs. Afterload 220
Summary of Hemodynamic Effects of Intravenous Therapy 221
Effects of Nitroprusside, Milrinone, and Dobutamine on Global
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption 223
Dopamine vs. Dobutamine 224
Approach to the Intravenous Therapy of the Acute Heart Failure
Patient: The Hemodynamic Diagram 225
Limitations of IV Agents 227
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure 228
Cardiogenic Shock 229
Initial Treatment of Sudden Death: Advanced Cardiac Life
Support (ACLS) 231
Mechanical Circulatory Assist 233
The Pathway from Stabilization to Intervention 233
Intra aortic Balloon Pump 235
Mechanics of IABP Support 236
IABP Effects on Myocardial Oxygen Demand vs. Perfusion 237
Timing of Inflation and Deflation 238
A Problem Solving Approach xiii
Indications for IABP 238
Examples of IABP Waveforms 240
Biographical Sketch: John Gibbon 242
Percutaneous Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) 243
ECLS Catheters (Cannulae) 244
ECLS Recommendations 245
Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) 247
Future Directions 248
Case Scenarios 249
References 255
Appendix
Longitudinal vs. Transmural Pressure 273
Basic Concept of Wall Tension in Elastic Materials (Force/Length):
LaPlace s Law 274
Basic Concept of Wall Stress in Elastic Materials: Hooke s Law 275
Summary of Clinical Trials of Therapy for Heart Failure 276
Chapter Quiz Solutions 279
Case Scenario Solutions and Discussion 286
Index 295
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:48:07Z |
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| isbn | 0792377869 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Jaski, Brian E. Verfasser aut Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach Brian E. Jaski Boston [u.a.] Kluwer Acad. Publ. 2000 XIII, 306 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Developments in cardiovascular medicine 228 Hartzwakte gtt Insuffisance cardiaque Insuffisance cardiaque - Traitement Heart Failure diagnosis Heart Failure physiopathology Heart Failure therapy Heart failure Herzinsuffizienz (DE-588)4024655-3 gnd rswk-swf Herzinsuffizienz (DE-588)4024655-3 s DE-604 Developments in cardiovascular medicine 228 (DE-604)BV000000660 228 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009265719&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jaski, Brian E. Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach Developments in cardiovascular medicine Hartzwakte gtt Insuffisance cardiaque Insuffisance cardiaque - Traitement Heart Failure diagnosis Heart Failure physiopathology Heart Failure therapy Heart failure Herzinsuffizienz (DE-588)4024655-3 gnd |
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| title | Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach |
| title_auth | Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach |
| title_exact_search | Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach |
| title_full | Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach Brian E. Jaski |
| title_fullStr | Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach Brian E. Jaski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Basics of heart failure a problem solving approach Brian E. Jaski |
| title_short | Basics of heart failure |
| title_sort | basics of heart failure a problem solving approach |
| title_sub | a problem solving approach |
| topic | Hartzwakte gtt Insuffisance cardiaque Insuffisance cardiaque - Traitement Heart Failure diagnosis Heart Failure physiopathology Heart Failure therapy Heart failure Herzinsuffizienz (DE-588)4024655-3 gnd |
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