Law of torts:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dublin
Butterworths
2000
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Series: | Butterworths Irish law library
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Frühere Aufl. u.d.T.: MacMahon, Bryan M.: Irish law of torts |
| Physical Description: | CLXXIII, 1295 S. |
| ISBN: | 1854758314 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Law of torts |c by Bryan M. E. McMahon and William Binchy |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804128319077089280 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION V
PREFACE IX
CONTENTS XI
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS XXVII
TABLE OF CASES XXIX
TABLE OF STATUTES CXXXIX
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE LAW OF TORTS
I. FUNCTION OF THE LAW OF TORTS 1
II. RECOGNISED INTERESTS 2
III. WRONGFUL INTERFERENCE WITH CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 4
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS 4
PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AS WELL AS THE STATE MAY BE LIABLE FOR INFRINGEMENT
OF
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 6
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TORT LAW AND INFRINGEMENTS OF
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 7
THE HANRAHAN RESOLUTION 8
LIMITATION ON RIGHT TO DAMAGES FOR INFRINGEMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHTS 9
W V IRELAND DEVELOPS HANRAHAN RATIONALE 12
MCDONNELL TAMES THE MESKELL PRINCIPLE 17
SOME DIFFICULT QUESTIONS 20
ARE CONSTITUTIONAL INFRINGEMENTS ACTIONABLE SINE DAMNO? 20
WHEN DOES INFRINGEMENT OCCUR? 22
THE CONCEPT OF BASIC INEFFECTIVENESS OF A TORT 23
INTERPERSONAL INFRINGEMENTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 24
CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS 25
INNOMINATE TORTS 25
IV. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 26
V. DEFINITION OF TORT 30
TORTV CRIME 31
TORT V BREACH OF CONTRACT 32
RESTITUTION AND BREACH OF TRUST 36
UNLIQUIDATED DAMAGES 36
VI. FROM NEGLIGENCE TO STRICT LIABILITY: FROM LOSS SHIFTING TO LOSS
DISTRIBUTION .. 37
INSURANCE AND OTHER SCHEMES OF COMPENSATION 39
VII. THE INSURANCE FACTOR AND THE PROBLEM OF THE UNINSURED DRIVER 44
THE OPERATION OF INSURANCE 45
UNINSURED DRIVERS 48
VIII. FEATURES OF THE LITIGATION SCENE IN IRELAND 48
IX. RECENT STUDIES AND PROPOSALS FOR REFORM 51
COUNTY REGISTRARS 54
TRIBUNALS 55
XI
LAW OF TORTS
CHAPTER 2 CAUSATION
I. INTRODUCTION 59
II. FACTUAL AND LEGAL CAUSATION 60
FACTUAL CAUSATION 60
LEGAL CAUSATION 64
LEGAL CAUSE AND REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 67
III. NOVUS ACTUS INTERVENIENS 67
REASONABLE FORESIGHT OF INTERVENING ACT AND RECKLESSNESS ON THE
PART OF THE INTERVENER 69
RECKLESSNESS 72
SUMMARY: NOVUS ACTUS INTERVENIENS 77
IV. PROOF 78
V. CAUSATION AND MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE 82
CHAPTER 3 REMOTENESS
I. INTRODUCTION 83
II. DIRECT CONSEQUENCES 84
REPOLEMIS 84
III. REASONABLE FORESEEABILITY 85
THE WAGON MOUND (NO 1) 85
IV. TYPES OF DAMAGE 90
INTENTIONAL DAMAGE 91
UNINTENTIONAL AND UNFORESEEABLE DAMAGE 92
FORESEEABILITY AND THE REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 93
THE EGG-SHELL SKULL AND THE IMPECUNIOUS PLAINTIFF 93
STRICT TORTS 97
V. CONCLUSION 98
CHAPTER 4 CONCURRENT WRONGDOERS: JOINT AND SEVERAL TORTFEASORS
I. INTRODUCTION 99
II. CONCURRENT WRONGDOERS 102
SATISFACTION, RELEASE AND ACCORD 105
CONTRIBUTION BETWEEN CONCURRENT WRONGDOERS 106
CHAPTER 5 NEGLIGENCE
I. INTRODUCTION 111
II. ELEMENTS OF THE TORT 111
CHAPTER 6 THE DUTY OF CARE
I. INTRODUCTION 115
II. CONCEPTS AND POLICY 116
III. THE JUDICIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DUTY OF CARE 118
BRITISH DEVELOPMENTS 1932-2000 118
IRISH DEVELOPMENTS 123
IV. THE DUTY OF CARE IN PARTICULAR CONTEXTS 128
PHYSICAL INJURY OR DAMAGE 128
PSYCHIATRIC DAMAGE 132
XN
CONTENTS
PURE ECONOMIC LOSS 132
V. PROXIMITY: LEVELS OF GENERALITY 132
VI. SOME TROUBLESOME DUTY ISSUES 133
THE DEFENDANT MUST HAVE BEEN IN BREACH OF HIS OR HER DUTY
TO THE PLAINTIFF 134
TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE DUTY CONCEPT DETERMINED BY OBJECTIVE
CRITERIA? 136
VII. THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION 138
CHAPTER 7 THE STANDARD OF CARE
I. INTRODUCTION 145
II. THE REASONABLE PERSON 145
STANDARD OF THE REASONABLE PERSON 146
KNOWLEDGE 147
III. PHYSICAL CAPACITIES 149
IV. MENTALLY DISORDERED PERSONS 153
V. SPECIFIC FACTORS IN ASSESSING WHETHER CONDUCT IS NEGLIGENT 154
THE PROBABILITY OF AN ACCIDENT 155
THE GRAVITY OF THE THREATENED INJURY 159
THE SOCIAL UTILITY OF THE DEFENDANT S CONDUCT 160
THE COST OF ELIMINATING THE RISK 162
CHAPTER 8 AFFIRMATIVE DUTIES
I. INTRODUCTION 169
II. DUTY TO PROTECT INCAPACITATED PERSONS (AND THEIR POTENTIAL VICTIMS)
FROM INJURY 171
III. DUTY TO CONTROL OTHERS 176
CHAPTER 9 PROOF OF NEGLIGENCE
I. INTRODUCTION 185
II. RES IPSA LOQUITUR 187
ORIGINS OF THE DOCTRINE 187
WHEN WILL THE PRINCIPLE APPLY? 188
THE PROCEDURAL EFFECT OF RES IPSA LOQUITUR 196
III. THE HANRAHAN RESTATEMENT OF THE RES IPSA LOQUITUR DOCTRINE 199
CHAPTER 10 NEGLIGENCE AND ECONOMIC LOSS
I. INTRODUCTION 203
II. THE CONTEMPORARY IRISH APPROACH TO PURE ECONOMIC LOSS 206
III. THE CONTRACTUAL DIMENSION 208
IV. THE HEDLEY BYRNE PRINCIPLE 216
THE OLD APPROACH 216
THE HEDLEY BYRNE BREAKTHROUGH 217
AN IRISH HARBINGER OF HEDLEY BYRNE? 218
HEDLEY BYRNE REACHES IRELAND 220
JUDICIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEDLEY BYRNE PRINCIPLE 222
THE SCOPE OF THE REPRESENTATION 227
XIN
LAW OF TORTS
PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL 240
AREAS OF COMPETENCE 242
STATEMENTS IN A CONTRACTUAL SETTING 243
V. PURE ECONOMIC LOSS IN PRODUCTS LIABILITY 246
CHAPTER 11 MANUFACTURERS AND PRODUCERS LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE
PRODUCTS
I. INTRODUCTION 249
THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 251
ABOLITION OF THE PRIVITY REQUIREMENT 252
II. BY WHOM IS THE DUTY OWED? 253
MANUFACTURERS 253
REPAIRERS 253
INSTALLERS AND ASSEMBLERS 254
SUPPLIERS 254
RETAILERS 254
LIABILITY OF MANUFACTURER FOR NEGLIGENCE OF SUPPLIER OF
COMPONENT PART 256
HI. TO WHOM IS THE DUTY OWED? 257
INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION 258
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES 258
DUTY TO WARN 259
TRANSFER BY WAY OF GIFT 265
CAUSATION 265
RES IPSA LOQUITUR IN PRODUCTS LIABILITY 267
IV. NON-DANGEROUS DEFECTS 268
THE ECLIPSE OF JUNIOR BOOKS IN BRITAIN 272
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 273
V. STRICT LIABILITY: THE EUROPEAN REGIME 274
THE PREPARATION OF THE DIRECTIVE 275
THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE 1991 ACT AND THE COMMUNITY DIRECTIVE 275
CHAPTER 12 OCCUPIERS LIABILITY
I. INTRODUCTION 299
II. THE COMMON LAW 299
CATEGORIES OF ENTRANT 300
HI. TRESPASSERS 303
TRESPASSERS DEFINED 303
A NEW APPROACH TO TRESPASSERS (AND OTHER ENTRANTS?) 1974-1995 310
IV. THE HOTEL PROPRIETORS ACT 1963 314
V. THE OCCUPIERS LIABILITY ACT 1995 315
THE LOBBY IS MARSHALLED 316
THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE ACT 316
CHAPTER 13 LIABILITY OF VENDORS, LESSORS AND BUILDERS FOR QUALITY AND
FITNESS OF PREMISES
I. INTRODUCTION , 337
II. LIABILITY OF VENDOR AND LESSOR 337
XIV
CONTENTS
DEFECTS OF QUALITY: CONTRACT 337
DANGEROUS DEFECTS: TORT 340
III. LIABILITY OF THE BUILDER 350
DEFECTS OF QUALITY: CONTRACT BUILDERS 350
DANGEROUS DEFECTS: CONTRACT BUILDERS 350
IV, LIABILITY OF BUILDER/VENDOR AND BUILDER/LESSOR 353
QUALITATIVE DEFECTS AND DANGEROUS DEFECTS DISCOVERED BEFORE INJURY
OR DAMAGE IS CAUSED 357
VOLUNTARY SCHEMES 358
PROPOSALS FOR REFORM 359
ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, SURVEYORS, ETC 359
CHAPTER 14 PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE
I. INTRODUCTION 361
II. MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE 363
COURTS SHOULD GUARD AGAINST BEING WISE AFTER THE EVENT 366
ERROR OF JUDGMENT 367
DIFFERENT SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT 367
KEEPING UP-TO-DATE 368
INNOVATIVE TREATMENT 369
SPECIALISTS 370
GENERAL PRACTITIONERS 370
OTHER MEDICAL PERSONNEL AND HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION 373
DIAGNOSIS 373
TREATMENT 375
MEDICAL TREATMENT BY UNQUALIFIED PERSONS 378
INFORMED CONSENT 379
THE THERAPEUTIC PRIVILEGE 393
CAUSATION AND NON-DISCLOSURE 393
CONSENT IN RELATION TO MEDICAL RESEARCH 397
DISCLOSURE OF PROBLEMS ARISING IN MEDICAL TREATMENT 398
BARRISTERS 399
SOLICITORS 403
THE STANDARD OF CARE FOR SOLICITORS 404
CHAPTER 15 NEGLIGENCE ON THE ROADS
I. INTRODUCTION 419
II. THE DUTY OF THE DRIVER 420
THE PRESENCE OF CHILDREN 420
SCHOOL BUSES 421
III. GENERAL RULES OF BEHAVIOUR ON THE HIGHWAY 424
FAILURE TO KEEP A PROPER LOOK OUT 424
NEGLIGENCE PER SE - AND DRIVING WHEN BLINDED 426
PEDESTRIANS 427
CYCLISTS 430
ROAD JUNCTIONS 430
XV
LAW OF TORTS
JUNCTIONS CONTROLLED BY TRAFFIC LIGHTS 433
SOUNDING HORN 434
EMERGENCY VEHICLES 435
CHAPTER 16 NEGLIGENT CARE OF CHILDREN
I. INTRODUCTION 437
II. PARENTAL NEGLIGENCE 437
DANGEROUS THINGS 437
CHILD S DANGEROUS PROPENSITIES 438
FAILURE TO CONTROL CHILD PROPERLY 439
III. THE NEGLIGENCE OF SCHOOLS 441
NEGLIGENCE IN INSTRUCTION 442
SUPERVISION IN SCHOOL PLAYGROUNDS 444
SUPERVISION OUTSIDE HOURS 449
INJURIES SUSTAINED OFF THE PREMISES 454
OTHER ACTS OF NEGLIGENCE 455
STRUCTURAL DANGERS 456
CHAPTER 17 NEGLIGENTLY INFLICTED PSYCHIATRIC DAMAGE
I. INTRODUCTION 461
II. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN IRISH LAW ON NERVOUS SHOCK 470
III. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VICTIMS 476
CHAPTER 18 EMPLOYERS LIABILITY
I. INTRODUCTION 479
II. AN EMPLOYER S DUTY OF CARE TO AN EMPLOYEE 480
THE DUTY VARIES ACCORDING TO THE EMPLOYEE S CIRCUMSTANCES 482
GENERAL GUIDELINES 483
OMISSIONS 485
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYERS LIABILITY AND CLAIMS FOR
BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY 487
EMPLOYER S DUTY TO EMPLOYEES IS NON-DELEGABLE 490
DOES AN EMPLOYER S DUTY OF CARE EXTEND BEYOND PHYSICAL INJURY? 495
III. ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYER S LIABILITY 500
THE PROVISION OF COMPETENT STAFF 501
THE PROVISION OF A SAFE PLACE OF WORK 503
THE PROVISION OF PROPER EQUIPMENT 507
THE PROVISION OF A SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK 511
EMPLOYER S NEGLIGENCE MUST HAVE CAUSED THE INJURY COMPLAINED OF 523
NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS AND COINCIDENTAL INJURIES 524
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE OF EMPLOYEE 525
IV. VOLUNTARY ASSUMPTION OF RISK 529
CHAPTER 19 PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
I. INTRODUCTION 533
II. NEGLIGENCE 535
THE STANDARD OF CARE TEST 538
THE PROXIMITY/POLICY APPROACH 539
XVI
CONTENTS
HI. NUISANCE 547
IV. BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY 547
V. RYLANDS V FLETCHER 547
VI. MISFEASANCE OF PUBLIC OFFICE 547
THE IRISH CASES 548
CHAPTER 20 DEFENCES
I. INTRODUCTION 555
II. CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 555
EROSION OF THE DOCTRINE 556
THE CIVIL LIABILITY ACT 1961 557
THE NATURE OF CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 559
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE AND PARTICULAR RISK 560
THE AGONY OF THE MOMENT 561
THE DILEMMA PRINCIPLE 563
FAILURE TO MITIGATE DAMAGE 563
THE SEAT BELT DEFENCE 566
DEGREES OF FAULT 570
APPEAL REGARDING APPORTIONMENT OF FAULT 574
SET-OFF OF CLAIMS 574
IMPUTED CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 575
III. VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA 577
CONTRACT 577
AGREEMENT 578
RESCUERS 581
IV. ILLEGALITY 584
CHAPTER 21 STATUTORY DUTIES AND RIGHTS
I. INTRODUCTION 589
II. BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY 589
BENEFIT OF THE PUBLIC OR A CLASS OF PERSONS 592
NATURE OF PENALTY OR REMEDY PROVIDED BY THE STATUTORY PROVISION 597
OTHER TECHNIQUES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION 597
LIMITATIONS ON RECOVERY 598
NATURE OF OBLIGATION IMPOSED BY STATUTE 605
BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY BY PLAINTIFF NOT OF ITSELF A BAR IN
TORT ACTION 607
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 608
III. INTERFERENCE WITH STATUTORY RIGHTS 612
CHAPTER 22 TRESPASS TO THE PERSON
I. INTODUCTION 615
TRESPASS AND NEGLIGENCE 615
VOLUNTARINESS, INTENTION AND MOTIVE 616
II. TRESPASS AGAINST THE PERSON 617
BATTERY 618
ASSAULT 621
XVN
LAW OF TORTS
INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL SUFFERING 624
FALSE IMPRISONMENT 626
CONFINEMENT AS A SANCTION 632
III. DEFENCES TO TRESPASS TO THE PERSON 633
CONSENT
633
SELF DEFENCE
641
DEFENCE OF THIRD PERSONS 642
NECESSITY 642
DISCIPLINE 643
LAWFUL AUTHORITY 646
DEFENCE OF PROPERTY 650
CHAPTER 23 TRESPASS TO LAND
I. INTRODUCTION 653
II. TRESPASS BY ENTERING ON LAND 653
CONSTITUTIONAL, COMMON LAW AND STATUTORY RIGHTS OF ENTRY 654
ABUSE OF RIGHT OF ENTRY 659
III. TRESPASS BY REMAINING ON LAND 662
IV. TRESPASS BY PLACING THINGS ON LAND 664
NATURE OF INTERFERENCE 665
TRESPASS ACTIONABLE PER SE 666
CONTINUING TRESPASS 667
V. THE DEFENDANT S STATE OF MIND 668
TRESPASS ABOVE AND BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE LAND 668
VI. INTERFERENCE WITH POSSESSION 670
JUS TERTII NO DEFENCE 671
VII. DEFENCES 672
CONSENT 672
LAWFUL AUTHORITY 672
NECESSITY 672
CHAPTER 24 NUISANCE
I. INTRODUCTION 675
II. PUBLIC NUISANCE 676
WHAT IS PARTICULAR OR SPECIAL DAMAGE? 677
TYPES OF PUBLIC NUISANCE 680
PUBLIC NUISANCE ON THE HIGHWAY 681
EXTENT OF LIABILITY FOR PUBLIC NUISANCE 684
III. PRIVATE NUISANCE 685
PHYSICAL INJURY TO LAND 686
SUBSTANTIAL INTERFERENCE IN THE ENJOYMENT OF LAND 690
NUISANCE AS A STATE OF AFFAIRS 698
WHO MAY SUE FOR PRIVATE NUISANCE? 699
WHO MAY BE SUED? 702
PREMISES ADJOINING THE HIGHWAY 706
CONTENTS
IV. DEFENCES 709
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY 709
PRESCRIPTION 710
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 711
INEVITABLE ACCIDENT 711
V. INEFFECTUAL DEFENCES 711
COMING TO THE NUISANCE 711
ACTS OF OTHERS COMBINING WITH DEFENDANT S ACT TO
MAKE NUISANCE 713
VI. HIGHWAY AUTHORITIES 714
CHAPTER 25 THE RULE IN RYLANDS V FLETCHER
I. INTRODUCTION 717
II. SCOPE OF THE RULE 719
NON-NATURAL USE 719
DEFENDANT MUST HAVE BROUGHT SOURCE OF DANGER ONTO PROPERTY 723
ESCAPE 723
ENTITLEMENT TO SUE 726
STATUS OF DEFENDANT 727
III. DEFENCES 727
CONSENT OF THE PLAINTIFF 727
DEFAULT OR SPECIAL SENSITIVITY OF THE PLAINTIFF 728
ACT OF A STRANGER 729
ACT OF GOD 730
STATUTORY AUTHORITY 731
IV. THE FUTURE OF THE RULE IN IRISH LAW 731
CHAPTER 26 LIABILITY FOR FIRE
I. INTRODUCTION 735
II. OCCUPIERS LIABILITY FOR FIRE 736
FIRE AND CAUSATION OF DAMAGE 739
DOES DAMAGE INCLUDE PERSONAL INJURES? 740
THE BURDEN OF PROOF UNDER THE ACT 740
REMEDIES NOT DEFEATED BY THE ACT 740
III. LIABILITY OF PERSONS OTHER THAN THE OCCUPIER 741
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 744
RESCUERS 745
CHAPTER 27 LIABILITY FOR INJURIES CAUSED BY ANIMALS
I. INTRODUCTION 749
II. LIABILITY UNDER THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TORT 750
NEGLIGENCE 750
NUISANCE 750
TRESPASS 751
RYLANDS V FLETCHER 752
OCCUPIER S LIABILITY 75?
XIX
LAW OF TORTS
III. LIABILITY UNDER SPECIAL RULES 754
THE SCIENTER PRINCIPLE 754
DOGS 757
CATTLE TRESPASS 762
ANIMALS ON THE HIGHWAY 764
THE CONTROL OF HORSES ACT 1996 767
IV. LAW REFORM COMMISSION PROPOSALS 768
CHAPTER 28 TRESPASS TO GOODS
I. INTRODUCTION 769
II. ELEMENTS OF THE TORT OF TRESPASS TO GOODS 769
NATURE OF THE INTERFERENCE 769
IS TRESPASS TO GOODS ACTIONABLE PER SE? 771
THE TITLE OF THE PLAINTIFF 772
DEFENDANT S STATE OF MIND 772
CHARACTER OF DEFENDANT S CONDUCT 773
LAWFUL AUTHORITY 773
CHAPTER 29 DETINUE
I. INTRODUCTION 777
II. ADVERSE POSSESSION 777
III. BAILMENT AND FINDING CONTRASTED 780
IV. REMEDIES 780
ORDER FOR THE VALUE OF THE CHATTEL AS ASSESSED AND DAMAGES FOR
ITS DETENTION 781
ORDER FOR THE RETURN OF THE CHATTEL OR ITS VALUE AS ASSESSED
AND DAMAGES 781
ORDER FOR THE RETURN OF THE CHATTEL AND DAMAGES FOR ITS DETENTION 782
CHAPTER 30 CONVERSION
I. INTRODUCTION 783
II. TAKING POSSESSION 783
III. ABUSING POSSESSION 784
IV. DENYING TITLE 786
BONA FIDES OF DEFENDANT 786
V. SCOPE OF THE TORT OF CONVERSION 788
SUBJECT MATTER OF CONVERSION 788
TITLE OF PLAINTIFF 789
FINDERS 789
CONVERSION AND CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 793
DAMAGES 793
CHAPTER 31 PASSING OFF
I. INTRODUCTION 795
II. SCOPE OF THE TORT OF PASSING OFF 797
INTENTION TO DECEIVE NOT ESSENTIAL 797
RISK OF CONFUSION 798
XX
CONTENTS
SURVEY EVIDENCE 801
SHARED GOODWILL 803
DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 804
PACKAGED PRODUCTS 804
CLOTHES 805
DESCRIPTIVE EXPRESSIONS 806
THE USE OF ONE S ACTUAL NAME 808
BUSINESSES NOT TRADING IN THE STATE 810
III. INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTION PROCEEDINGS FOR PASSING OFF 811
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 815
CHAPTER 32 TORTS AFFECTING BUSINESS RELATIONS
I. INTRODUCTION 817
II. THE ACTION PER QUOD SERVITIUM AMISIT 817
WHO IS A SERVANT? 818
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE OF A SERVANT 820
DAMAGES 820
III. ACTION FOR ENTICEMENT OR HARBOURING OF A SERVANT 820
IV. INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS 821
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 821
TYPES OF CONTRACT AFFECTED 821
PERSUASION DISTINGUISHED FROM MERE INFORMATION OR ADVICE 821
IS A BREACH OF CONTRACT NECESSARY? 823
DEGREE OF KNOWLEDGE AND INTENTION REQUIRED 823
THE WRONGFUL PROCUREMENT 825
JUSTIFICATION AND MALICE 828
DAMAGES 830
V. INTIMIDATION 830
THE NATURE OF INTIMIDATION 830
THE THREAT 831
ILLEGAL ACT OR MEANS 831
SUBMISSION TO THE THREAT ESSENTIAL 833
JUSTIFICATION 834
VI. CONSPIRACY 834
THE TRADITIONAL VIEW 835
FORMS OF CONSPIRACY 836
VII. INTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE WITH ECONOMIC INTERESTS 841
VIII. TRADE DISPUTES 842
INTRODUCTION 842
THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT 1990 843
LIMITED IMMUNITY FROM LIABILITY IN TORT FOR TRADE UNIONS 852
CHAPTER 33 TORTS AFFECTING FAMILY RELATIONS
I. INTRODUCTION 867
II. DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF CONSORTIUM 868
EXTENT OF RECOVERY 869
XXI
LAW OF TORTS
EFFECT OF VICTIM S CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER DEFAULT 872
REFORM OF THE LAW RELATING TO LOSS OF CONSORTIUM 873
III. SEDUCTION 875
IV. ENTICEMENT AND HARBOURING OF A CHILD 875
REFORM OF THE LAW 877
V. ACTION FOR THE LOSS OF A CHILD S SERVICES 878
CHAPTER 34 DEFAMATION
I. INTRODUCTION 879
II. THE TORT OF DEFAMATION 882
PUBLICATION 883
THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF THE LIBEL SLANDER DISTINCTION 887
SLANDER ACTIONABLE PER SE 889
SPECIAL DAMAGES REQUIRED IN ALL OTHER SLANDERS 892
FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS 893
III. WHAT IS DEFAMATORY? 894
VULGAR ABUSE NOT DEFAMATORY 905
THE INNUENDO 906
FUNCTIONS OF JUDGE AND JURY 910
REFERENCE MUST BE TO THE PLAINTIFF 912
REFERENCE TO A CLASS 913
CORPORATE AND PERSONAL PLAINTIFFS 914
UNINTENTIONAL REFERENCES TO THE PLAINTIFF 915
IV. DEFENCES 917
JUSTIFICATION 917
PRIVILEGE 920
FAIR COMMENT ON MATTERS OF PUBLIC INTEREST 943
CONSENT 949
APOLOGY 950
OFFER OF AMENDS IN UNINTENTIONAL DEFAMATION 951
V. DAMAGES 951
VI. REFORM OF THE LAW 961
ABOLITION OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN LIBEL AND SLANDER 962
DEFAMING THE DEAD 962
PRINTERS AND INNOCENT DISTRIBUTORS 962
PROPOSAL TO ABANDON STRICT LIABILITY IN FAVOUR OF FAULT
BASED LIABILITY 963
NEW DEFINITION OF DEFAMATION AND THE PRESUMPTION OF FALSITY 963
CHAPTER 35 DECEIT AND INJURIOUS FALSEHOOD
I. DECEIT 967
REPRESENTATION OF FACT 968
KNOWLEDGE OF FALSITY 971
INTENTION OF DEFENDANT 972
THE PLAINTIFFS RELIANCE IS ESSENTIAL 973
DAMAGE 975
LORD TENTERDEN S ACT 976
II. INJURIOUS FALSEHOOD 977
XXII
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 36 MISUSE OF PROCESS
I. INTRODUCTION 981
II. MALICIOUS PROSECUTION 981
INGREDIENTS OF THE TORT 981
III. MALICIOUS ABUSE OF THE CIVIL PROCESS 986
CHAPTER 37 THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY
I. INTRODUCTION 991
II. TORTS RELATING TO PRIVACY 992
TRESPASS TO LAND 992
TORTS AFFECTING INTERESTS IN GOODS 993
TRESPASS TO THE PERSON 994
INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF MENTAL SUFFERING 994
PRIVATE NUISANCE 995
INJURIOUS FALSEHOOD 996
NEGLIGENCE 997
BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY 998
III. BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 998
THE CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OF THE INFORMATION 1000
OBLIGATION OF CONFIDENCE 1002
REMEDIES 1004
MEDICAL CONFIDENCES 1005
IV. CRIMINAL LAW 1012
V. CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF PRIVACY 1012
PRIVACY IN MARRIAGE, INTIMATE CONDUCT (SEXUAL AND OTHERWISE)
AND THE TERMINATION OF LIFE 1013
CHAPTER 38 LIABILITY OF THE STATE
I. INTRODUCTION 1025
II. ACT OF STATE 1030
III. DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY 1030
IV. FOREIGN SOVEREIGNS 1031
V. EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 1033
CHAPTER 39 CORPORATIONS, PARTNERSHIPS, UNINCORPORATED BODIES
AND TRADE UNIONS
I. CORPORATIONS 1035
CORPORATION AS PLAINTIFF 1035
CORPORATION AS DEFENDANT 1037
II. PARTNERSHIPS 1038
III. UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS 1038
IV. TRADE UNIONS 1042
CHAPTER 40 MINORS AND MENTALLY 111 PERSONS
I. MINORS 1045
GENERAL LIABILITY IN TORT 1045
NEGLIGENCE AND CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 1046
XXM
LAW OF TORTS
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 1046
NEGLIGENCE 1052
CHILDREN PERFORMING ADULT ACTIVITIES 1053
TORT AND CONTRACT 1054
PROPOSALS FOR REFORM 1055
II. MENTALLY 111 PERSONS 1056
TORTS OF STRICT LIABILITY 1056
TORTS INVOLVING A SPECIFIC MENTAL INGREDIENT 1056
TRESPASS TO THE PERSON, GOODS OR LAND 1056
PROPOSALS FOR REFORM 1058
CHAPTER 41 SURVIVAL OF ACTIONS ON DEATH
I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 1061
II. THE PRESENT LAW 1062
CHAPTER 42 FATAL INJURIES
I. INTRODUCTION 1067
II. THE STATUTORY RIGHT OF THE DEPENDANTS 1069
WHO IS ENTITLED TO SUE? 1069
WHEN AND IN WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WILL LIABILITY ARISE? 1071
THE INJURIES COMPENSATABLE AND THE METHOD OF CALCULATING DAMAGES 1073
CHAPTER 43 VICARIOUS LIABILITY
I. INTRODUCTION 1091
II. THE EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP 1095
HIRED EMPLOYEES: WHO IS THE EMPLOYER? 1095
PERSONAL LIABILITY OF EMPLOYER 1096
EMPLOYER S LIABILITY FOR THE TORTS OF HIS OR HER EMPLOYEES 1097
III. LIABILITY OF FIRM FOR PARTNER S WRONGS 1112
IV. LIABILITY OF THE OWNERS OF MECHANICALLY PROPELLED VEHICLES 1114
ROAD TRAFFIC ACT 1961, S 118 1114
V. VICARIOUS LIABILITY FOR MEMBERS OF ONE S FAMILY 1116
VI. DOCTRINE OF COMMON EMPLOYMENT 1117
CHAPTER 44 DAMAGES
I. INTRODUCTION 1119
II. TYPES OF DAMAGES AWARDED 1119
NOMINAL DAMAGES 1119
CONTEMPTUOUS DAMAGES 1119
SPECIAL AND GENERAL DAMAGES 1120
RESTITUTIO IN INTEGRUM AND COMPENSATORY DAMAGES 1120
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 1121
III. APPELLATE FUNCTIONS REGARDING AWARDS 1136
UNIFORMITY OF AWARDS 1140
IV. COMPUTATION OF DAMAGES UNDER SEPARATE HEADINGS 1141
V. PROOF OF LOSS OF EARNING CAPACITY 1144
THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE PLAINTIFF 1144
CLAIMS FOR LOST YEARS OF EARNINGS 1146
XXIV
CONTENTS
THE STATE OF THE LABOUR MARKET 1146
OTHER POSSIBILITIES AFFECTING EARNING CAPACITY 1148
RESTRICTION OF EMPLOYMENT OPTIONS 1149
MORAL OBLIGATION TO PAY OVER EARNINGS TO A THIRD PARTY IGNORED 1149
ACTUARIAL EVIDENCE 1150
TAXATION 1152
HOSPITAL EXPENSES AND CARER COSTS 1155
COLLATERAL BENEFITS 1158
VI. NON-PECUNIARY LOSS 1167
PAIN AND SUFFERING 1167
LOSS OF EXPECTATION OF LIFE 1182
VII. PROPERTY DAMAGE 1185
CHAPTER 45 INJUNCTIONS
I. INTRODUCTION 1187
II. PROHIBITORY, MANDATORY AND QUIA TIMET INJUNCTIONS 1187
WHEN WILL AN INJUNCTION BE ORDERED? 1189
III. PERPETUAL, INTERLOCUTORY AND INTERIM INJUNCTIONS 1191
A SERIOUS QUESTION TO BE TRIED 1192
THE BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE 1198
IRREPARABLE DAMAGE 1200
IV. DAMAGES IN LIEU OF AN INJUNCTION 1201
CHAPTER 46 LIMITATIONS
I. INTRODUCTION 1203
II. THE GENERAL RULE 1204
III. WHEN DOES THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUE? 1204
IV. PERSONAL INJURIES 1209
V. DATE OF KNOWLEDGE 1210
THAT THE PERSON ALLEGED TO HAVE BEEN INJURED HAD BEEN INJURED 1212
THAT THE INJURY WAS SIGNIFICANT 1214
THAT THE INJURY WAS ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE CONDUCT ALLEGED TO
CONSTITUTE NEGLIGENCE, NUISANCE OR BREACH OF DUTY 1216
THE IDENTITY OF THE DEFENDANT 1216
THE IDENTITY OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEFENDANT
(WHERE APPROPRIATE) 1217
VI. UNDUE DELAY AS A BASIS FOR DISMISSAL OF PROCEEDINGS 1217
VII. PERSONS UNDER A DISABILITY 1220
VIII. FRAUD 1224
IX. EXTINCTION OF TITLE IN CONVERSION AND DETINUE 1225
X. SPECIAL PERIODS OF LIMITATION 1225
ACTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTION UNDER THE CIVIL LIABILITY ACT 1961 1225
ADMIRALTY ACTIONS 1226
CAUSES OF ACTION THAT SURVIVE AGAINST ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSON 1226
DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS 1227
CLAIMS RELATING TO CHILD ABUSE 1228
INDEX
1231
XXV
|
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| author | McMahon, Bryan M. E. Binchy, William |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)45869613 (DE-599)BVBBV013526002 |
| dewey-full | 346.41503 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 346 - Private law |
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| dewey-sort | 3346.41503 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV013526002 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:47:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1854758314 |
| language | English |
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| physical | CLXXIII, 1295 S. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
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| spelling | McMahon, Bryan M. E. Verfasser (DE-588)128614374 aut Law of torts by Bryan M. E. McMahon and William Binchy 3. ed. Dublin Butterworths 2000 CLXXIII, 1295 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Butterworths Irish law library Frühere Aufl. u.d.T.: MacMahon, Bryan M.: Irish law of torts Civielrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid gtt Nalatigheid gtt Onrechtmatige daad gtt Torts Ireland Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 gnd rswk-swf Irland Irland (DE-588)4027667-3 gnd rswk-swf Irland (DE-588)4027667-3 g Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 s 1\p DE-604 Binchy, William Verfasser aut SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009232907&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | McMahon, Bryan M. E. Binchy, William Law of torts Civielrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid gtt Nalatigheid gtt Onrechtmatige daad gtt Torts Ireland Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061688-5 (DE-588)4027667-3 |
| title | Law of torts |
| title_auth | Law of torts |
| title_exact_search | Law of torts |
| title_full | Law of torts by Bryan M. E. McMahon and William Binchy |
| title_fullStr | Law of torts by Bryan M. E. McMahon and William Binchy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Law of torts by Bryan M. E. McMahon and William Binchy |
| title_short | Law of torts |
| title_sort | law of torts |
| topic | Civielrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid gtt Nalatigheid gtt Onrechtmatige daad gtt Torts Ireland Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Civielrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid Nalatigheid Onrechtmatige daad Torts Ireland Unerlaubte Handlung Irland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009232907&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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