Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Springer
2001
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 253 S. graph. Darst. : 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 0387950214 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Saha, Gopal B. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine |c Gopal B. Saha |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2001 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 253 S. |b graph. Darst. : 24 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Biophysics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medical physics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear Medicine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear medicine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Radiobiology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128304061480960 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Structure of Matter 1
Matter and Energy 1
Radiation 1
The Atom 2
Electronic Structure of the Atom 3
Structure of the Nucleus 6
Nuclear Binding Energy 7
Nuclear Nomenclature 8
Chart of the Nuclides 8
Questions 10
Suggested Readings 10
Chapter 2 Radioactive Decay 11
Spontaneous Fission 11
Isomeric Transition 12
Gamma (y) Ray Emission 12
Internal Conversion 13
Alpha (a) Decay 14
Beta ()ff~) Decay 15
Positron (£+) Decay 17
Electron Capture 19
Questions 20
Suggested Readings 20
Chapter 3 Kinetics of Radioactive Decay 21
Radioactive Decay Equations 21
General Equation 21
Half Life 22
Mean Life 25
Effective Half life 25
ix
x Contents
Units of Radioactivity 25
Specific Activity 26
Calculation 27
Successive Decay Equations 29
General Equation 29
Transient Equilibrium 30
Secular Equilibrium 31
Questions 32
Suggested Readings 33
Chapter 4 Statistics of Radiation Counting 34
Error, Accuracy, and Precision 34
Mean and Standard Deviation 34
Standard Deviation of Count Rates 36
Propagation of Errors 37
Questions 39
Suggested Readings 39
Chapter 5 Production of Radionuclides 40
Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides 40
Reactor Produced Radionuclides 42
Fission or (n, /) Reaction 42
Neutron Capture or (n, y) Reaction 43
Target and Its Processing 43
Equation for Production of Radionuclides 45
Radionuclide Generators 47
Mo 99mTc Generator 48
Questions 49
Suggested Readings 50
Chapter 6 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 51
Interaction of Charged Particles with Matter 51
Specific Ionization 52
Linear Energy Transfer 52
Range 53
Bremsstrahlung 54
Annihilation 55
Interaction of y Radiations with Matter 55
Mechanism of Interaction of y Radiations 55
Attenuation of y Radiations 59
Interaction of Neutrons with Matter 63
Questions 63
Suggested Readings 65
Contents xi
Chapter 7 Gas Detectors 66
Principles of Gas Filled Detectors 66
Ionization Chambers 69
Cutie Pie Survey Meter 69
Dose Calibrator 69
Pocket Dosimeter 71
Geiger Mtiller Counters 72
Questions 74
Suggested Readings 74
Chapter 8 Scintillation and Semiconductor Detectors 75
Scintillation Detectors 75
Scintillation Counters 75
Nal(Tl) Detector 76
Photomultiplier Tube 77
Preamplifier 78
Linear Amplifier 78
Pulse Height Analyzer 78
Display or Storage 79
Gamma Ray Spectrometry 79
Photopeak 79
Compton Valley, Edge, and Plateau 80
Characteristic X Ray Peak 81
Backscatter Peak 81
Iodine Escape Peak 82
Annihilation Peak 82
Coincidence Peak 83
Other Solid Scintillation Detectors 83
Bismuth Germanate Detector 83
Barium Fluoride Detector 84
Lutetium Orthosilicate Detector 84
Yttrium Orthosilicate Detector 84
Lutetium Orthophosphate Detector 84
Liquid Scintillation Counters 84
Semiconductor Detectors 87
Germanium Detectors 87
Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors 87
Characteristics of Counting Systems 88
Energy Resolution 88
Detection Efficiency 89
Dead Time 91
Gamma Well Counters 92
Thyroid Probe 95
Questions 97
Suggested Readings 99
xii Contents
Chapter 9 Imaging Devices 100
Scintillation or Gamma Cameras 100
Principles of Operation 101
Detector 102
Collimator 103
Photomultiplier Tube 104
X , Y Positioning Circuit 104
Pulse Height Analyzer 106
Display and Storage 106
Digital Cameras 107
Solid State Cameras 108
Multidetector Cameras 108
Questions 109
Suggested Readings 110
Chapter 10 Performance Parameters of Gamma Cameras Ill
Spatial Resolution Ill
Intrinsic Resolution Ill
Collimator Resolution 112
Scatter Resolution 114
Blurr 114
Evaluation of Spatial Resolution 115
Bar Phantom 115
Line Spread Function 116
Modular Transfer Function 118
Sensitivity 120
Collimator Efficiency 121
Uniformity and Linearity 121
Effects of High Counting Rates 123
Contrast 125
Quality Control Tests for Gamma Cameras 126
Daily Checks 126
Weekly Checks 127
Questions 127
Suggested Readings 129
Chapter 11 Digital Computers in Nuclear Medicine 130
Basics of a Computer 130
Central Processing Unit 131
Computer Memory 132
External Storage Devices 132
Input/Output Devices 132
Operation of a Computer 133
Digitization of Analog Data 133
Digital to Analog Conversion 134
Contents xiii
Digital Images 134
Application of Computers in Nuclear Medicine 135
Digital Data Acquisition 135
Image Processing 136
Spatial Filtering 136
Static Study 137
Dynamic Study 137
Gated Study 138
Superimposition and Subtraction of Images 138
Display 139
Archiving and Networking 140
Questions 140
Suggested Readings 140
Chapter 12 Pornographic Imaging Devices 141
General Considerations 141
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography 142
Data Acquisition 142
Image Reconstruction 144
Factors Affecting SPECT 153
Positron Emission Tomography 157
PET Camera Design 158
Dual Head Coincidence Counters 159
Factors Affecting PET 160
Quality Control Tests for SPECT and PET 163
Daily Tests 163
Weekly Tests 163
Questions 164
Suggested Readings 165
Chapter 13 Internal Radiation Dosimetry 167
Radiation Units 167
Dose Calculation 169
Radiation Dose Rate 170
Cumulative Radiation Dose 171
Radiation Dose in SI Units 175
Effective Dose 179
Pediatric Dosages 180
Questions 181
Suggested Readings 182
Chapter 14 Radiation Biology 183
The Cell 183
Effects of Radiation on Cells 185
Direct and Indirect Actions of Radiation 186
xiv Contents
Radiosensitivity of Cells 187
Cell Survival Curves 188
Factors Affecting Radiosensitivity 191
Dose Rate 191
Linear Energy Transfer 192
Chemicals 192
Stage of Cell Cycle 194
Classification of Radiation Damage 194
Stochastic and Deterministic Effects 195
Acute Effects of Total Body Irradiation 196
Hemopoietic Syndrome 197
Gastrointestinal Syndrome 197
Central Nervous System Syndrome 197
Long Term Effects of Radiation 198
Somatic Effects 198
Genetic Effects 205
Risk Versus Benefit in Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 207
Risk of Pregnant Women 209
Questions 209
Suggested Readings 211
Chapter 15 Radiation Protection and Regulations 213
Radiation Protection 213
Definition of Terms 213
Sources of Radiation Exposure 214
Occupational Dose Limits 216
Principles of Radiation Protection 216
Personnel Monitoring 219
Dos and Don ts in Radiation Protection Practice 221
Radiation Regulations 221
Nuclear Regulatory Commission 221
License 222
Radiation Safety Committee 223
Radiation Safety Officer 223
ALARA Program 223
Medical Uses of Radioactive Materials 224
Survey for Contamination and Exposure Rate 224
Dose Calibrators and Survey Meters 224
Caution Signs and Labels 225
Bioassay 226
Receiving and Monitoring of Radioactive Packages 226
Radioactive Waste Disposal 227
Radioactive Spill 228
Record Keeping 229
Release of Patients Administered with Radiopharmaceuticals 229
Contents xv
Transportation of Radioactive Materials 230
Questions 232
Suggested Readings 233
Appendix A Units and Constants 234
Appendix B Terms Used in Texts 236
Appendix C Answers to Questions 241
Index 243
|
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| discipline | Medizin |
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| spelling | Saha, Gopal B. Verfasser aut Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine Gopal B. Saha 2. ed. New York [u.a.] Springer 2001 XV, 253 S. graph. Darst. : 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Biophysics Medical physics Nuclear Medicine Nuclear medicine Radiobiology Strahlenbiologie (DE-588)4057819-7 gnd rswk-swf Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 gnd rswk-swf Physikalisches Verfahren (DE-588)4315730-0 gnd rswk-swf Nuklearmedizin (DE-588)4042770-5 gnd rswk-swf Nuklearmedizin (DE-588)4042770-5 s Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 s DE-604 Strahlenbiologie (DE-588)4057819-7 s Physikalisches Verfahren (DE-588)4315730-0 s 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009223280&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Saha, Gopal B. Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine Biophysics Medical physics Nuclear Medicine Nuclear medicine Radiobiology Strahlenbiologie (DE-588)4057819-7 gnd Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 gnd Physikalisches Verfahren (DE-588)4315730-0 gnd Nuklearmedizin (DE-588)4042770-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4057819-7 (DE-588)4027633-8 (DE-588)4315730-0 (DE-588)4042770-5 |
| title | Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine |
| title_auth | Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine |
| title_exact_search | Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine |
| title_full | Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine Gopal B. Saha |
| title_fullStr | Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine Gopal B. Saha |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine Gopal B. Saha |
| title_short | Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine |
| title_sort | physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine |
| topic | Biophysics Medical physics Nuclear Medicine Nuclear medicine Radiobiology Strahlenbiologie (DE-588)4057819-7 gnd Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 gnd Physikalisches Verfahren (DE-588)4315730-0 gnd Nuklearmedizin (DE-588)4042770-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biophysics Medical physics Nuclear Medicine Nuclear medicine Radiobiology Strahlenbiologie Ionisierende Strahlung Physikalisches Verfahren Nuklearmedizin |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009223280&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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