Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leipzig
MPI of Cognitive Neuroscience
2000
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| Schriftenreihe: | MPI series in cognitive neuroscience
14 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zugl.: Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 2000 |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 145 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 3980728234 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128302823112704 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Anisotropic motion of water in the brain 1
1.2 Aim of this thesis 2
2 Basics 5
2.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance 5
2.1.1 The basic NMR experiment 5
The rotating frame of reference 8
RF perturbation of the spin state 9
Relaxation and Bloch equations 11
Relaxation mechanisms 12
The free induction decay 14
The spin echo 15
Coherence pathways 17
2.1.2 NMR imaging 20
Slice selection 21
Frequency encoding 21
Phase encoding 22
The concept of k space 23
2.1.3 Fast imaging 24
RARE — refocusing with RF pulses 25
EPI — refocusing with gradient pulses 26
2.2 Diffusion 27
2.2.1 Transport and self diffusion 29
2.2.2 Random walk model of diffusion 29
2.2.3 Restricted diffusion 30
2.2.4 Anisotropic diffusion 31
2.2.5 Microscopic definition of the diffusion tensor 31
2.2.6 Symmetry of the diffusion tensor 32
2.2.7 The eigenvector basis 33
2.2.8 The diffusion ellipsoid 36
2.2.9 Implications for diffusion measurements in biological systems 37
2.3 Tensors 38
3 NMR measurement of anisotropic self diffusion 41
3.1 The Bloch equations including diffusion and flow 41
3.2 The Stejskal Tanner experiment 43
vii
viii Contents
3.2.1 Restricted diffusion 45
3.3 Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) 45
3.3.1 Spatial localization 47
3.3.2 Measures of diffusion anisotropy 48
3.4 In vivo application 49
3.4.1 Determinants of water self diffusion in vivo 49
Pseudodiffusion 50
3.4.2 Applications of diffusion weighted imaging 51
Stroke 51
Isotropic diffusion weighting 52
3.4.3 Applications of diffusion tensor imaging 52
Anisotropic diffusion in brain white matter 52
Clinical application and application for functional neuroanatomy ... 54
Application in MEG source localization 55
4 Implementation of diffusion tensor imaging 57
4.1 Instrumentation and subjects 57
4.2 Imaging sequences 58
4.2.1 Diffusion weighting 58
4.2.2 EPI 59
4.2.3 U FLARE 60
U FLARE with improved SNR and resolution 62
4.3 Data processing for diffusion tensor imaging 65
4.3.1 Tensor calculation 65
4.3.2 Eigenvector calculation and display 66
5 Sources of systematic error and possible solutions 69
5.1 Influence of noise 71
5.2 Contribution of imaging gradients 72
5.3 Concomitant gradients 73
5.4 Miscalibration and non orthogonality of gradients 74
5.5 Nonlinearity of gradient fields 77
5.6 Eddy currents 78
5.6.1 Strategies for avoiding eddy current effects 81
5.6.2 Assessment of strategies for avoiding eddy current effects 82
Experimental 83
Eddy current correction for EPI 84
Results 85
Conventional SE EPI 85
Double SE EPI 87
U FLARE 88
Discussion 88
5.6.3 Consequences of eddy currents for DTI 90
5.7 Background gradients 91
5.8 Subject motion 93
5.9 Flow 97
5.10 Different fibre directions in a volume element 98
Contents ix
5.11 Conclusion 99
6 Investigating the connectivity hypothesis 101
6.1 Introduction 101
6.1.1 Definition of functional connectivity 101
6.1.2 Functional magnetic resonance imaging 101
6.1.3 Biswal s experiment 102
6.1.4 Interpretation of Biswal s results 103
6.1.5 The connectivity hypothesis 104
6.2 Measurement of functional connectivity 104
6.2.1 Experimental 105
6.2.2 Data Processing 105
6.3 Measurement of anatomical connectivity 105
6.3.1 Experimental 106
6.3.2 Quantification of fibre connections in DTI maps 107
6.4 Relations between anatomical and functional connectivity 108
6.4.1 The classes approach 109
Results 109
6.4.2 The region of interest approach 110
Results 113
7 Conclusion 117
A Colour figures 119
B Abbreviations 123
C Zusammenfassung der wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse 125
C.I Motivation und Einordnung 125
C.2 Methoden 127
C.3 Ergebnisse 129
C.4 Ausblick 130
References 131
|
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| classification_tum | MED 386d MED 602d |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)48057854 (DE-599)BVBBV013509347 |
| discipline | Biologie Medizintechnik Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV013509347 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:47:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3980728234 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009222601 |
| oclc_num | 48057854 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | IX, 145 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | MPI of Cognitive Neuroscience |
| record_format | marc |
| series | MPI series in cognitive neuroscience |
| series2 | MPI series in cognitive neuroscience |
| spelling | Koch, Martin 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)122720024 aut Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain vorgelegt von Martin Koch Leipzig MPI of Cognitive Neuroscience 2000 IX, 145 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier MPI series in cognitive neuroscience 14 Zugl.: Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 2000 Selbstdiffusion (DE-588)4180821-6 gnd rswk-swf Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd rswk-swf Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd rswk-swf Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 s Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 s Selbstdiffusion (DE-588)4180821-6 s Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 s DE-604 MPI series in cognitive neuroscience 14 (DE-604)BV012692499 14 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009222601&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Koch, Martin 1968- Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain MPI series in cognitive neuroscience Selbstdiffusion (DE-588)4180821-6 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4180821-6 (DE-588)4120806-7 (DE-588)4019752-9 (DE-588)4064689-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain |
| title_auth | Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain |
| title_exact_search | Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain |
| title_full | Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain vorgelegt von Martin Koch |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain vorgelegt von Martin Koch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain vorgelegt von Martin Koch |
| title_short | Measurement of the self-diffusion tensor of water in the human brain |
| title_sort | measurement of the self diffusion tensor of water in the human brain |
| topic | Selbstdiffusion (DE-588)4180821-6 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd Wasser (DE-588)4064689-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Selbstdiffusion Kernspintomografie Gehirn Wasser Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009222601&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012692499 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kochmartin measurementoftheselfdiffusiontensorofwaterinthehumanbrain |