Variability of the duration of life of living creatures:
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
IOS Press [u.a.]
2000
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 235 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 905199446X 4274902811 |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | vii
Contents
Acknowledgements v
List of Tables xiii
List of Figures xv
Introduction I
1. General remarks 1
2. The aim of this monograph and the difficulty of working in a divided field 2
Chapter I
The De Mortibus Project and the Monograph 5
1. General remarks 5
2. The history of the De Mortibus project (Agez 3) and the zero line of
epidemiology 5
3. The two working hypotheses 7
4. Scope of the monograph 7
5. Dimension of a magnitude and the shape of the observed frequency
distribution 8
6. Non compound and compound biological magnitudes 9
7. The vixit concept with anabasis, diabasis, and katabasis 9
8. The two interconnected topics of the monograph 10
9. The monograph in the study of biology 11
Chapter II
Interindividual Variability of Biological Magnitudes and the Concepts of Mutagenesis
and Variogenesis 13
1. General remarks 13
2. Mutagenesis and variogenesis 14
3. Comparing variability of non biological and of biological magnitudes 16
4. Introducing the black box model of interindividual biological variogenesis 17
Chapter III
Mathematical Models of Interindividual Variability of Biological Magnitudes as a
Result of Variogenesis 19
1. General remarks 20
2. Note on underlying mathematical models of interindividual variability
resulting from variogenesis 20
3. Laws of biological variability and the notation vast numbers {n— ao) 21
4. Evolution of mathematical models of interindividual biological variability
along two lines 22
5. Mathematical models and the biology of lifespan 23
6. The IDM distribution and its two biological parameters 24
Chapter IV
True Interindividual Biological Variability of Biological Magnitudes, the Triad of
Conditions and the Ecological Unity Factor 25
viii Contents
1. General remarks 25
2. True interindividual biological variability of biological magnitudes and the
triad of conditions 25
3. The triad of conditions 26
4. The ecological unity factor 28
Chapter V
The Biology of the Changing Pattern of Causes of Death and the Rise of Genotypic
Mortality in Homo sapiens 31
1. General remarks 31
2. Registrations of causes of death and demographic life table systems 31
3. Changes in mortality patterns and demographic epidemiological transitions 32
4. The ongoing demographic epidemiological transition in Western European
populations 32
5. The concepts of causes of death and of genotypic and phenotypic death 32
6. Human epidemiology and the International Classification of Diseases and
Causes of Death 33
7. The preludes to the ongoing demographic epidemiological transition in
Western European populations 33
8. The onset of the ongoing transition in Western European populations 34
9. The genetic material of Homo sapiens and the masking effect of phenotypic
mortality 35
10. The use of contour maps in the study of the changing pattern of causes
of death 35
11. The unmasking of genotypic mortality demonstrated with the use of
contour maps 37
12. Genotypic mortality as an enlarged picture of the genetic material 37
13. The limits of the ongoing demographic epidemiological transition 44
14. The coming molecular biological transition 45
15. The cry for codification of bio medical behaviour in the coming molecular
biological transition 45
Chapter VI
Error of Methodology 47
1. General remarks 47
2. Non replicability of biological experiments 47
3. Error of methodology in the broadest sense 49
4. Measurement error in the narrower sense 50
5. Error of methodology and intra individual variability 50
6. Error of methodology and compound make up 51
7. Error of methodology and the compound make up of the vixit 51
8. Error of methodology and the duration of adult life 53
9. Error of methodology and the standard procedure for generating frequency
distributions 54
10. Error of methodology and some simulated experiments 55
11. Summarising on error of methodology 56
12. The hidden tails of observed frequency distributions 56
13. Concluding paragraph 59
14. Summa summarum 60
Contents jx
Chapter VII
How the I DM Distribution was Tracked Down 61
1. General remarks 61
2. Mission impossible 62
3. The para archaeological method 62
4. The mathematical straightjacket method 65
Chapter VIII
The Definition of the IDM Distribution 73
1. General remarks 73
2. Introduction to the definition 73
3. The formal definition 74
4. Some additional remarks 75
5. Graphical representations of the IDM distribution, argument// 76
6. Graphical representation of the black box model of biological variogenesis 88
7. Classical mythology and the black box model of biological variogenesis 88
Chapter IX
How to Track Down the Four Parameters of an Assumed Underlying Omega Type IDM
Distribution 89
1. General remarks 89
2. The four parameters to be tracked down 89
3. Problems encountered in tracking down the four parameters 90
4. A four step procedure for tracking down the four parameters xAlpha,
Iomega. K, ATmcljjali 96
Chapter X
Some Examples 97
Chapter X, Section A
Introduction to the Examples of Chapter X 97
1. General remarks 97
2. The selected examples 97
3. Note on frequency distributions of duration of life, period life tables and
cohort life tables 98
Chapter X, Section B
The Hidden Tails in the Period Life Tables for the Netherlands from 1870 to 1990 101
1. General remarks ] o 1
2. Some historical notes 102
3. The data used for the present hidden tails demonstration 102
4. Note on the accuracy of the observed mortality quotients in the hidden tails 106
5. Tracking down the four IDM parameters 107
6. The graphical representation 109
7. Some concluding remarks 109
Chapter X, Section C
The Duration of Post Emerging from the Pupa Life of Fruit Flies 1 ] 5
1. General remarks 115
2. The observed frequency distributions for the present demonstration 116
x Contents
3. Tracking down the four IDM parameters 117
4. The graphical representation 117
5. Some additional remarks on the pioneer work on duration of life by
Raymond Pearl 117
Chapter X, Section D
The Duration of Post Natal Life of Wistar Rats 121
1. General remarks 121
2. The wistar rats and the DM project 121
3. Old age mortality and the pattern of causes of death 123
4. Tracking down the four IDM parameters 124
5. The graphical representation 126
6. True biological variability and statistical expectation under simple random
sampling 126
Chapter X, Section E
The Duration of Adult Life of English Thoroughbred Racehorses 129
1. General remarks 129
2. The life tables for the thoroughbred mares used for the demonstration 129
3. The English thoroughbred racehorses and the triad of conditions 130
4. Tracking down the four IDM parameters 131
5. Graphical representation 133
Chapter X, Section F
The United Nations Model Life Tables (1982) for Developing Countries Compared to
the Period Life Tables for the Netherlands and Sweden and to some
Palaeodemographic Life Tables 135
1. General remarks 135
2. The data 135
3. The difference between the demonstration of the human and the animal
examples 145
4. Epidemiology and the discrepancy between the observed and the
theoretical families of distributions 146
5. Problems of the practical demonstration 146
6. The four IDM parameters used for the demonstration 147
7. The graphical representation 148
8. Discussion on Homo sapiens, the triad of conditions and human
epidemiology 157
Chapter X, Section G
A Synoptic Overview of the Examples of Chapter X 161
1. General remarks 161
2. Theoretical and empirical intensity curves 161
3. The first part of the demonstration 162
4. The second part of the demonstration 163
5. The synoptic overview and epidemiology 165
Chapter XI
Discussion and Final Conclusions 169
1. General remarks 169
2. Five basic questions and their answers 170
Contents xi
3. The broader context of the what does it mean question 170
4. List of facts 171
5. The heart of the actual problem 172
6. Back to the black box model of variogenesis 172
7. Discussion on the basis of the simplified black box model of variogenesis 173
8. The DM project, the process of ontogenesis and the process of ageing 181
9. Summarising the discussion on the basis of the simplified black box model 184
10. Final conclusions 186
Appendix (Facsimile)
The De Mortibus distribution and variability of biological magnitudes, Slatistica
Neerlandica 42 (3) (1988) 163 179 193
References 211
Author Index 221
Subject Index 223
xiii
List of Tables
Chapter X.B
Period life tables for the Netherlands (the Netherlands, 1885 1992)
1. List of the fifteen tables used for demonstration 102
2a. Tails of the fifteen qx tables for ages 60+ (males) 103
2b. Tails of the fifteen qx tables for ages 60+ (females) 104
3. Population number in the Netherlands 1830 1990 106
4a. Estimates of xraedian for the theoretical tail ends (males) 108
4b. Estimates of xmedian for the theoretical tail ends (females) 108
Chapter X.C
Drosophila melcmogaster wild type line 107 (Pearl, 1924)
1. Observed deaths of 1407 male and 1415 female flies 116
Chapter X.D
Wistar rats (Schlettwein Gsell, 1968)
la. Survivors of 2113 male rats in ten cohorts 122
lb. Survivors of 2050 female rats in ten cohorts 123
2a. Parameter values for the ten male cohorts 125
2b. Parameter values for the ten female cohorts 125
Chapter X.E
English thoroughbred racehorses (adapted from Comfort, 1959)
1. Survival of 2742 female horses 131
Chapter X.F
United Nations Model Life Tables (United Nations, 1982)
1 a. Latin American Pattern 137
lb. Chilean Pattern 138
lc. South Asian Pattern 139
1 d. Far Eastern Pattern 140
le. General Pattern 141
Abridged life tables (the Netherlands, 1885 1992; Sweden, 1885 1992; Acsadi
Nemeskeri, 1970)
If. The Netherlands 142
lg. Sweden 143
lh. Palaeodemographic 144
Chapter X.G
Empirical elog fiu curves (adapted from Chapters X.B F and VII.3.4)
1. Singleton empirical elog //„ curves for animals and humans 163
2. Families of empirical elog ftu curves for humans 165
Chapter XI
Final conclusions
1. Evolutionary processes in the MULTIVERSE 186
xiv List of Tables
Appendix
Variability of biological magnitudes
1. Duration of adult life and of pregnancy 202
XV
List of Figures
Cover illustration
See The three Fates, Chapter VIII. 11 87
Chapter II
Interindividual variability
1. Frequency distributions in industry and in biology 17
Chapter V
Epidemiological contour maps of deaths according to cause for the Netherlands
1875 1975
1. Place of the contour maps in chronological perspective 36
Contour maps 1 12
2a. 1. all causes 38
2a.2. cause unknown 38
2b.3. maternity death 39
2b.4.violent death 39
2c.5. tuberculosis of the lungs 40
2c.6. diarrhoeic diseases 40
2d.7. acute diseases of the respiratory tract 41
2d.8. chronic diseases of the respiratory tract 41
2e.9. cancer (all sites) 42
2e.l0. old age 42
2f. 11. cardio vascular diseases 43
2f. 12. cerebro vascular diseases 43
Chapter VI
Methodology
1. The history of the hidden tails 58
Chapter VII
Tracking down the IDM distribution
1. The mathematical straightjacket concept 67
2. The logistic loglogistic rotation centre family 68
Chapter VIII
The IDM distribution
1. IDM distribution function 77
2. IDM density curves 78
3. IDM intensity curves 79
4. elog IDM intensity curves 80
5. IDM logit curves 81
The bushy tails of the omega type IDM intensity curves
6. of IDM intensity curves for K = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 1024 82
7. of elog IDM intensity curves for K = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 1024 83
The bushy tails of the omega type IDM distribution
8. of an IDM distribution with K= 5 84
xvi List of Figures
9. of an IDM distribution with K= 10 85
The black box model and classical mythology
10. The black box model for K=S 86
11. The three Fates in classical mythology 87
Chapter IX
Tracking down the four parameters
1. The small numbers effect in an example of male ghost rats 94
Chapter X.B
Period life tables for the Netherlands (the Netherlands, 1885 1992) * ogqx curves for
ages 60+
la(a). males 110
la(b). males (continued) 111
lb(a). females 112
lb(b). females (continued) 113
Chapter X.C
Drosophila melanogaster wild type line 107 (Pearl, 1924)
1. Graphs of lx, dx, c ogqx and smoothed e ogqx curves 118
Chapter X.D
Wistarrats (Schlettwein Gsell, 1968)
1. Graphs of lx, dx, c ogqx and smoothed elog^x curves 127
Chapter X.E
English thoroughbred racehorses (adapted from Comfort, 1959)
1. Graphs of lx, dx, * ogqx and smoothed elog^x curves 132
Chapter X.F
United Nations Model Life Tables (United Nations, 1982)
1 a. Latin American Pattern 149
1 b. Chilean Pattern 150
lc. South Asian Pattern 151
1 d. Far Eastern Pattern 152
le. General Pattern 153
Abridged empirical life tables (the Netherlands, 1885 1992; Sweden, 1885 1992;
Acsadi Nemeskeri, 1970)
If. The Netherlands 154
lg. Sweden 155
1 h. Palaeodemographic 156
Chapter X.G
Empirical elog//u curves (adapted from Chapters X.B F and VII.3.4)
1. Singleton elog//u curves for animals and humans 164
2. Families of elog//u curves for humans 166
Chapter XI
Final conclusions
1. Abandoning archaic beliefs (Cartoon by Ed. Fisher, 1958, 1959) 190
List of Figures xvii
Appendix
Facsimile (Statistica Neerlandica, 1988)
Empirical e ogqx values ages 65+
1. The Netherlands, cohorts born 1835 1839 197
2. France, period 1920 1928 197
The DM distribution
3. DM distribution function 199
4. DM density function 200
5. DM intensity curves 200
6. elog DM intensity curves 201
Empirical e ogqx values
7. Fruit fly and Wistar rat 203
8. English thoroughbred and pregnancy 204
9. RFM mouse irradiated 204
10. Man, stone age and Sweden 205
11. Man, bronze age and the Netherlands 205
12. Man, Switzerland 206
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| id | DE-604.BV013415156 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:45:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 905199446X 4274902811 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures by E. Timmer ... Amsterdam [u.a.] IOS Press [u.a.] 2000 XVII, 235 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Levensduur gtt Onderzoeksprojecten gtt Biometry Life Tables Life spans (Biology) Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 gnd rswk-swf Lebenserwartung (DE-588)4167016-4 gnd rswk-swf Lebensdauer (DE-588)4034837-4 gnd rswk-swf Lebenserwartung (DE-588)4167016-4 s Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 s DE-604 Lebensdauer (DE-588)4034837-4 s Timmer, E. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009153626&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures Levensduur gtt Onderzoeksprojecten gtt Biometry Life Tables Life spans (Biology) Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 gnd Lebenserwartung (DE-588)4167016-4 gnd Lebensdauer (DE-588)4034837-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4264568-2 (DE-588)4167016-4 (DE-588)4034837-4 |
| title | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures |
| title_auth | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures |
| title_exact_search | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures |
| title_full | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures by E. Timmer ... |
| title_fullStr | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures by E. Timmer ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures by E. Timmer ... |
| title_short | Variability of the duration of life of living creatures |
| title_sort | variability of the duration of life of living creatures |
| topic | Levensduur gtt Onderzoeksprojecten gtt Biometry Life Tables Life spans (Biology) Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 gnd Lebenserwartung (DE-588)4167016-4 gnd Lebensdauer (DE-588)4034837-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Levensduur Onderzoeksprojecten Biometry Life Tables Life spans (Biology) Variabilität Lebenserwartung Lebensdauer |
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