Commercial agency and distribution agreements: law and practice in the member states of the European Union
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
The Hague [u.a.]
Kluwer Law Internat.
2000
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | AIJA law library
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | LIX, 707 S. |
| ISBN: | 9041197486 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV013399619 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20021022 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 001024s2000 ne |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9041197486 |9 90-411-9748-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)45845292 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV013399619 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a ne |c XA-NL | ||
| 049 | |a DE-355 |a DE-739 |a DE-M382 |a DE-521 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a KJE2079.C66 2000 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 341.754094 |2 21 | |
| 084 | |a PS 3200 |0 (DE-625)139756: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a PS 3760 |0 (DE-625)139788: |2 rvk | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Commercial agency and distribution agreements |b law and practice in the member states of the European Union |c vol. ed. Geert Bogaert ... |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a The Hague [u.a.] |b Kluwer Law Internat. |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a LIX, 707 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a AIJA law library | |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Europäische Union |0 (DE-588)5098525-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 7 | |a Agents commerciaux - Statut juridique - Pays de l'Union européen |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Agentuurovereenkomsten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Concessions (commerce de détail) - Pays de l'Union européen |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Concurrence - Droit européen |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Europees recht |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Franchising |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Vertegenwoordiging (recht) |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Europarecht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Commercial agents -- European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Distributors (Commerce) -- Legal status, laws, etc -- European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Franchises (Retail trade) -- Law and legislation -- European countries | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rechtsvergleich |0 (DE-588)4115712-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Handelsvertreter |0 (DE-588)4023260-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Europäische Union |0 (DE-588)5098525-5 |D b |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Handelsvertreter |0 (DE-588)4023260-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Rechtsvergleich |0 (DE-588)4115712-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bogaert, Geert |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m SWB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009142381&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009142381 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820128150468689920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
ABOUT AIJA XLIII
OFFICERS OF AIJA XLV
A WORD FROM THE PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE XLVII
PREFACE XLIX
LIST OF CONTIBUTORS LI
PART I EC LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE 1
DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL AGENCY AND EC LAW 3
ALASTAIR GORRIE AND JONAS PALSHAMMAR
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW 5
2. ARTICLE 81 EC 6
2.1 INTRODUCTION 6
2.2 THE DEFINITION OF AN UNDERTAKING 7
2.3 AGREEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 81 (1) EC 9
2.4 RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC 9
2.4.1 GENERAL REMARKS 9
2.4.2 RULE OF REASON 11
2.5 INFLUENCE ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 13
2.6 APPRECIABILITY 14
3. APPLICATION OF ARTIE LE 81 (1) EC 15
3.1 GENERAL REMARKS 15
3.2 BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 16
4. ENFORCEMENT OF EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW 17
4.1 DIRECT EFFECT 17
4.2 REGULATION 17 19
4.3 OPPOSITION PROCEDURE 19
4.4 INVESTIGATIONS 19
VI CONTENTS
4.5 FINES 20
4.6 INTERIM MEASURES 20
4.7 FINAL REMARK 21
5. COMPETITION LAW: APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 81 EC TO COMMERCIAL
AGENCY AGREEMENTS 21
6. DIRECTIVE 86/653/EEC RELATING TO SELF-EMPLOYED COMMERCIAL AGENTS 25
6.1 DEFINITION 25
6.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 26
6.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 26
6.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 26
6.3.1.1 COMMISSION 26
6.3. L2 INFORMATION 28
6.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 28
6.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 28
6.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 28
6.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 29
6.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 29
6.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 29
6.6.1 TERM 29
6.6.2 TERMINATION 29
6.7 INDEMNITY AND COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 30
6.7.1 INDEMNITY 31
6.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 31
7. DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 32
7.1 EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION (REGULATION 1983/83) 33
7.1.1 DEFINITION AND PRELIMINARY REMARKS 33
7.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 35
7.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 35
7.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 35
7.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 36
7.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 36
7.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 36
7.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 38
7.1.5 LIABILITIES 38
7.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 38
7.2 EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING (REGULATION 1984/83) 39
7.2.1 DEFINITION AND PRELIMINARY REMARKS 39
7.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 39
7.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 40
7.2.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 40
7.2.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 40
7.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 40
7.2.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 40
CONTENTS VII
7.2.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 41
7.2.5 LIABILITIES 41
7.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 41
7.3 BEER SUPPLY AGREEMENTS (REGULATION 1984/83) 42
7.3.1 DEFINITION 42
7.3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 43
7.3.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 43
7.3.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 43
7.3.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 43
7.3.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 44
7.3.5 LIABILITIES 44
7.3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 45
7.4 SERVICE STATION AGREEMENTS (REGULATION 1984/83) 45
7.4.1 DEFINITION 45
7.4.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 46
7.4.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 46
7.4.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 46
7.4.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 46
7.4.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 46
7.4.5 LIABILITY 46
7.4.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 47
8. SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 47
8.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 48
8.1.1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS 48
8.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 50
8.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 50
8.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 51
8.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 51
8.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 52
8.1.5 LIABILITY 53
8.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 53
8.2 MOTOR VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICING AGREEMENTS
(REGULATION 1475/95) 53
8.2.1 DEFINITION AND PRELIMINARY REMARKS 53
8.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 56
8.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 56
8.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS AND DUTIES 56
8.2.5 LIABILITY 59
8.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 59
9. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS (REGULATION 4087/88) 60
9.1 DEFINITION AND PRELIMINARY REMARKS 60
9.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 62
9.3 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 62
VIII CONTENTS
9.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 62
9.4.1 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES 62
9.4.2 THE FRANCHISEE'S RIGHTS 64
9.5 LIABILITY 65
9.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 65
PART II NATIONAL RULES AND THE APPLICATION OF EC LAW 67
AUSTRIA 69
RAINER MARIA KRAFT AND CHRISTIAN P. WINTERNITZ
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 71
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 72
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 72
1.1.2 EMPLOYED 72
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 73
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 74
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 74
1.3.1.1 GENERAL DUTY TO RENDER SUPPORT 74
1.3.1.2 MAKING MATERIAL AVAILABLE 74
1.3.1.3 PROVIDING INFORMATION 74
1.3.1.4 COMMISSION 75
1.3.1.5 SUPPLY OF WRITTEN STATEMENTS 76
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 77
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 77
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 77
1.4.1.1 GENERAL DUTIES 77
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 77
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 78
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 78
1 .4. 1.5 DUTY TO COMPLY WITH INSTRUCTIONS 78
1.4.2 THE AGENT'S RIGHTS 78
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE
AGENCY CONTRACT 79
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 79
,5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 79
.5.3 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 80
.5.4 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 80
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 80
.6.1 TERM OF THE CONTRACT 80
.6.2 TERMINATION 81
1.7 INDEMNITY 82
1.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 82
CONTENTS IX
1.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 82
1.8 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 83
1.8.1 MANDATORY PROVISIONS UNDER AUSTRIAN LAW 83
1.8.2 APPLICABLE LAW 83
1.8.3 JURISDICTION 84
2. DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 84
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 84
2.1.1 DEFINITION 84
2.1.1.1 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION; EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 85
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 85
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 86
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 86
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 86
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS AND DUTIES 87
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 87
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 88
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT 88
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 89
2.1.5.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 89
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 89
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 90
2.1.6.1 TERM 90
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 90
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 91
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 93
2.1.8.1 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 93
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 94
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 95
3.1 DEFINITION 95
3.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS 95
3.2 CONCLUSION OF A CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 96
3.3 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 96
3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 96
3.5 LIABILITIES OF FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE DURING THE TERM OF THE
FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 97
3.5.1 THE FRANCHISOR AS AGAINST THE FRANCHISEE 97
3.5.1.1 PRE-CONTRACTUAL 97
3.5.1.2 CONTRACTUAL 98
3.5.2 THE FRANCHISOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 98
3.5.3 THE FRANCHISEE AS AGAINST THE FRANCHISOR 98
3.5.4 THE FRANCHISEE AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 99
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 99
X CONTENTS
3.6.1 TERM 99
3.6.2 TERMINATION 99
3.7 INDEMNITY 100
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 100
3.8.1 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 100
BIBLIOGRAPHY 101
BELGIUM 103
GEERT BOGAERT, CHRISTINE DE KEERSMAEKER AND NICOLE VAN RANST
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 105
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 105
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 105
1.1.1.1 INTRODUCTION 105
1.1.1.2 THE LEGAL PRESUMPTION 106
1.1.1.3 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT 107
1.1.2 THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE 108
1.1.2.1 A 'PHYSICAL PERSON' 108
1.1.2.2 CONTACTING AND VISITING CLIENTS 109
1.1.2.3 WITH A VIEW TO NEGOTIATING OR TRANSACTING BUSINESS 109
1.1.2.4 UNDER THE AUTHORITY 109
1.1.2.5 FOR THE ACCOUNT OF AND IN THE NAME OF ONE OR MORE PRINCIPALS 111
1.1.3 OTHERS 111
1.1.3.1 THE COMMISSION AGENT 111
1.1.3.2 THE 'MANDATORY' 112
1. L3.3 WORK BY CONTRACT 112
1.1.3.4 THE BROKER 112
LI.3.5 DISTRIBUTION 112
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 112
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 113
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 113
1.3.2 COMMISSION 114
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 115
1A1 DEL CREDERE 115
1.4.2 NON-COMPETITION 116
1.4.3 OTHER DUTIES AND RIGHTS 117
1.4.3.1 DUTIES 117
1.4.3.2 RIGHTS 118
1.5 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY
118
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 119
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 119
1.5.3 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 119
1.5.4 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 120
CONTENTS XI
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 120
1.6.1 TERM 120
1.6.2 TERMINATION 120
1.7 INDEMNITY 121
1.8 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 122
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 123
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 123
2.1.1 DEFINITION 123
2.1.1.1 AN AGREEMENT 123
2.1.1.2 BY WHICH THE MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR GRANTS THE
RIGHT TO SELL THE PRODUCTS HE MANUFACTURED OR DISTRIBUTED
BY HIMSELF 123
2.1.1.3 TO ONE OR SEVERAL DISTRIBUTORS 124
2.1.1.4 IN HIS OWN NAME AND FOR HIS OWN ACCOUNT 124
2.1.2 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 125
2.1.2.1 EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTORSHIP 126
2.1.2.2 NEARLY EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTORSHIPS IN WHICH THE
DISTRIBUTOR SELLS ALMOST ALL OF THE CONTRACTUAL PRODUCT 126
2.1.2.3 DISTRIBUTORSHIPS IMPLYING ONEROUS OBLIGATIONS FROM
WHICH THE DISTRIBUTOR WOULD SUFFER DAMAGE IN THE
EVENT OF THE TERMINATION OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP 127
2.1.3 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 128
2.1.4 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 128
2.1.4.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 128
2.1.4.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 129
2.1.5 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 129
2.1.5.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 129
2.1.5.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 130
2.1.6 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE
TERM OF THE DISTRIBUTOR AGREEMENT 130
2.1.6.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 130
2.1.6.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 130
2.1.6.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 130
2.1.6.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 130
2.1.7 TERM AND TERMINATION 130
2.1.7.1 TERM: DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS OF LIMITED DURATION 131
2.1.7.2 TERMINATION 131
2.1.8 INDEMNITY 135
2.1.8.1 COMPENSATORY INDEMNITIES 135
2.1.8.2 SUPPLEMENTARY INDEMNITY 137
2.1.9 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 139
2.1.9.1 APPLICABLE LAW AND COMPETENCY 139
2.1.10 LEGISLATION 14 J
XII CONTENTS
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 142
2.2.1 DEFINITION 142
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 143
2.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 143
2.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 143
2.2.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE
TERM OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 143
2.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 143
2.2.7 INDEMNITY 143
2.2.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 144
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 144
3.1 DEFINITION 144
3.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS 145
3.1.1.1 INDEPENDENCE 145
3.1.1.2 COLLABORATION 145
3.1.1.3 REPUTATION 145
3.1.1.4 INTUITU PERSONAE 146
3.1.1.5 LICENCE 146
3.2 CONCLUSION OF A CONTRACT 147
3.3 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 147
3.3.1 FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES 147
3.3.1.1 LICENSING OF IMAGE 147
3.3.1.2 TRANSFER OF COMMERCIAL GOODWILL 148
3.3.1.3 SERVICE AND ASSISTANCE 148
3.3.1.4 ADVERTISING 148
3.3.1.5 TRAINING OF THE FRANCHISEE 149
3.3.1.6 INFORMATION 149
3.3.1.7 SUPPLY 150
33.2 FRANCHISOR'S RIGHTS 150
3.3.2.1 CONTROL 150
3.3.2.2 PROPERTY RIGHTS 150
3.3.2.3 NON-COMPETITION AND SECRECY 150
3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 151
3.4.1 FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES 151
3.4.2 FRANCHISEE'S RIGHTS 152
3.5 LIABILITIES OF FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE DURING THE
TERM OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 152
3.5.1 PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY BETWEEN FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE 152
3.5.1.1 PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY OF THE FRANCHISOR 152
3.5.1.2 PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY OF THE FRANCHISEE 153
3.5.2 CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 153
3.5.3 PRODUCT LIABILITY 154
CONTENTS XIII
3.5.3.1 GENERAL RULES OF CONTRACT 154
3.5.3.2 TORTIOUS LIABILITY 156
3.5.3.3 LAW ON PRODUCT LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS 156
3.5.4 DISCLAIMER CLAUSE 157
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 158
3.6.1 TERM 158
3.6.2 TERMINATION 158
3.7 CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION 161
3.7.1 COMPENSATION 161
3.7.2 RETURN OF MATERIALS 161
3.7.3 NON-COMPETITION 162
3.7.4 SECRECY CLAUSE 162
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 162
3.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 163
3.9.1 APPLICABLE LAW 163
3.9.2 JURISDICTION 163
BIBLIOGRAPHY 164
DENMARK 165
JOHN KAHLKE AND CARSTEN IVERSEN
INTRODUCTION 167
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 168
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 168
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 168
LI.2 EMPLOYED 169
1.1.3 OTHERS 170
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 170
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 171
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 171
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 171
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF AGENT, INFORMATION 172
1.3.1.3 WRITTEN STATEMENT 173
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 173
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 174
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 174
1.4.1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 174
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 174
1.4. L3 NON-COMPETITION 175
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 175
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 176
L4.2.1 COMMISSION 176
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 177
XIV CONTENTS
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 177
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 178
1.5.3 THE AGENT AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 178
1.5.4 THE AGENT AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 179
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 179
1.6.1 TERM 179
1.6.2 TERMINATION 180
1.7 INDEMNITY 180
1.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 180
1.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 180
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 181
1.8.1 DISPUTES 181
1.8.2 JURISDICTION 182
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 182
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 182
2.1.1 DEFINITION 182
2.1.1.1 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 183
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 183
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 184
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 184
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 184
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 185
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 185
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 185
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM
OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 185
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 185
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 185
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 185
2.1.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 186
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 186
2.1.6.1 TERM 186
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 186
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 187
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF EC LAW 187
2.1.8.1 DISPUTES 187
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 187
2.2.1 DEFINITION 187
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 188
2.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 188
2.2.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 188
2.2.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 188
CONTENTS XV
2.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 189
2.2.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 189
2.2.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 189
2.2.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM
OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 189
2.2.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 189
2.2.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 189
2.2.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 189
2.2.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 189
2.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 189
2.2.6.1 TERM 189
2.2.6.2 TERMINATION 189
2.2.7 INDEMNITY 189
2.2.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF EC LAW 190
2.2.8.1 DISPUTES 190
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 190
3.1 DEFINITION 190
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 190
3.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 191
3.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 191
3.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 191
3.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 191
3.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 191
3.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 192
3.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF
THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 192
3.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 192
3.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 193
3.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 193
3.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARITIES 193
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 193
3.6.1 TERM 193
3.6.2 TERMINATION 193
3.7 INDEMNITY 193
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF EC LAW 193
3.8.1 DISPUTES 194
BIBLIOGRAPHY 194
CASE LAW 195
GLOSSARY 198
XVI CONTENTS
FINLAND 199
TAPANI MANNINEN AND RIKU PAANILA
INTRODUCTION 201
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 202
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 202
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 203
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 204
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 204
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 204
1.3.1.2 MATURING OF THE COMMISSION 204
1.3.1.3 THE RATE OF COMMISSION 205
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 205
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 205
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE'S DUTIES 205
1.4.1.1 DILIGENCE 205
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 206
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 206
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 207
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE'S RIGHTS 207
1.4.2.1 INFORMATION 207
1.4.2.2 STATEMENT OF COMMISSION 207
1.4.2.3 RIGHT OF RETENTION 208
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE DURING
THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 208
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE 208
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 208
1.5.3 THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 208
1.5.4 THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 208
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 209
1.6.1 TERM 209
1.6.2 TERMINATION 209
1.6.3 CANCELLATION OF THE CONTRACT 210
1.7 INDEMNITY 210
1.7.1 THE RIGHT OF THE COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVE TO
GOODWILL COMPENSATION, AFTER THE TERMINATION OF THE
AGENCY CONTRACT 210
1.8 JURISDICTION AND LAW 211
1.8.1 APPLICABLE LAW 211
1.8.2 COMPETENT JURISDICTION 211
2. DISTRIBUTION 212
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 212
2.1.1 DEFINITION 212
CONTENTS XVII
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 213
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 213
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 213
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 214
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 214
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 214
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 214
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM
OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 215
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 215
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 215
2. I .5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 216
2.1.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS TO THIRD PARTIES 216
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 216
2.1.6.1 TERM 216
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 217
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 217
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF EC LAW 217
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 218
2.2.1 DEFINITION 218
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 218
2.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 218
2.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 218
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 219
3.1 DEFINITION 219
3.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS 219
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 219
3.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 220
3.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 221
3.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM
OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 221
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 222
3.7 INDEMNITY 222
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 222
3.8.1 APPLICABLE LAW AND CHOICE OF LAW 223
BIBLIOGRAPHY 223
CASE LAW 224
FRANCE 225
JACQUES-PHILIPPE GUNTHER
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 227
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 227
XVIII CONTENTS
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT AND EMPLOYED 227
1.1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 227
1.1.1.2 EMPLOYED 228
1.1.2 OTHER AGENTS AND INTERMEDIARIES 229
1.2 FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 230
1.2.1 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AS TO THE AGENCY AGREEMENTS 230
1.2.1.1 SCOPE 230
1.2.1.2 DEROGATIONS 231
1.2.1.3 CHOICE OF LAW AND JURISDICTION 231
L2.2 SPECIFIC LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AS TO THE FORM OF THE AGREEMENT 232
1.2.2.1 WRITTEN INFORMATION 232
1.2.2.2 REGISTRATION 232
1.3 EXECUTION OF THE CONTRACT 232
1.3.1 THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES 233
1.3.1.1 THE DUTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL 233
1.3.1.2 THE DUTIES OF THE COMMERCIAL AGENT 235
1.3.2 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL AND THE AGENT DURING THE
TERM OF THE AGENCY 237
1.3.2.1 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL 237
1.3.2.2 LIABILITIES OF THE AGENT 238
1.4 THE END OF THE CONTRACT 239
1.4.1 TERM AND TERMINATION 239
1.4.1.1 TERM 239
1.4.1.2 TERMINATION 240
1.4.2 CONSEQUENCES OF THE AGREEMENT 241
1.4.2.1 TERMINATION PAYMENTS 241
1.4.2.2 APPLICATION OF A NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 242
2. EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION 242
2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 242
2.1.1 DEFINITION 242
2.1.2 LEGISLATION 243
2.2 FORMATION OF THE AGREEMENT 244
2.2.1 LEGAL PRE-CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS 244
2.2.1.1 OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE WRITTEN INFORMATION 244
2.2.1.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT AS TO THE FORM 244
2.2.2 TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT 245
2.2.2.1 THE AGREEMENT MUST SPECIFY THE NATURE AND THE
PRICE OF THE GOODS 245
2.2.2.2 THE AGREEMENT MUST COMPLY WITH THE RULES GOVERNING
THE DURATION OF THE EXCLUSIVITY AND COMPETITION 245
2.3 EXECUTION OF THE CONTRACT 246
2.3.1 THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES 246
2.3.1.1 THE DUTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL 246
CONTENTS XIX
2.3.1.2 THE DUTIES OF THE DISTRIBUTOR 248
23.2 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL AND THE DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE
TERM OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 252
2.3.2.1 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL 252
2.3.2.2 LIABILITIES OF THE DISTRIBUTOR 253
2.4 THE END OF THE CONTRACT 254
2.4.1 TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 254
2.4.1.1 FIXED-TERM AGREEMENTS 254
2.4.1.2 INDEFINITE-TERM AGREEMENTS 255
2.4.2 CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION 255
2.4.2.1 INDEMNIFICATION 255
2.4.2.2 INVENTORY AND NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 256
3. SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 256
3.1 DEFINITION 256
3.1.1 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION BASED ON QUALITATIVE CRITERIA 257
3.1.1.1 CRITERIA CORRESPONDING TO THE NECESSITIES OF AN
ADEQUATE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRODUCT 257
3.1.1.2 QUALITY OF DISTRIBUTORS, THEIR STAFF AND THEIR FACILITIES 258
3.1.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION BASED ON QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA 258
3.1.2.1 THE BAN ON QUANTITATIVE SELECTION AND ITS JUSTIFICATION 258
3.1.2.2 THE NECESSITY TO CONTROL THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NETWORK 259
3.2 FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 259
3.3 EXECUTION OF THE CONTRACT 260
3.3.1 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES 260
3.3.1.1 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL 260
3.3.1.2 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE DISTRIBUTOR 261
3.3.2 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL AND THE DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE
TERM OF THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 261
3.3.2.1 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL 261
3.3.2.2 LIABILITIES OF THE DISTRIBUTOR 262
3.4 THE END OF THE CONTRACT 263
3.4.1 TERM AND TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 263
3.4.1.1 TERM 263
3.4.1.2 TERMINATION 263
3.4.2 CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION 263
3.5 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 264
4. FRANCHISING 265
4.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 265
4.1.1 DEFINITION 265
4.1.1.1 FRENCH LAW 265
4.1.1.2 EC LAW 266
4.1.2 VARIOUS TYPES OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 267
4.1.2.1 THE FOUR PRINCIPAL CATEGORIES OF FRANCHISE 267
XX
CONTENTS
4.1.2.2 THE SIX TYPES OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS ARISING FROM FRANCHISE 268
4.2 FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 269
4.2.1 LEGAL PRE-CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE LOI DOUBIN 269
4.2.1.1 CASE LAW 269
4.2.2 ORDER (ARRETE) OF 21 FEBRUARY 1991 RELATING TO CONSUMER
INFORMATION IN THE FRANCHISE SECTOR 270
4.3 EXECUTION OF THE CONTRACT 270
43.1 THE DUTIES OF THE FRANCHISOR 271
4.3.1.1 THE SPECIFIC CLAUSES OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS AS TO THE
FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES 271
4.3.1.2 THE AUXILIARY CLAUSES OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS AS TO THE
FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES 274
4.3.2 THE DUTIES OF THE FRANCHISEE 275
4.3.2.1 THE SPECIFIC CLAUSES OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS AS TO THE
FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES 275
4.3.2.2 THE AUXILIARY CLAUSES OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS AS TO THE
DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 279
4.3.3 LIABILITIES OF THE FRANCHISOR AND THE FRANCHISEE 282
4.3.3.1 THE FRANCHISOR'S LIABILITY TO THE FRANCHISEE 282
4.3.3.2 THE FRANCHISOR'S LIABILITY TO OTHER MEMBERS OF
THE FRANCHISE NETWORK 283
4.3.3.3 THE FRANCHISOR'S LIABILITY TO CONSUMERS 283
4.3.3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S LIABILITY TO THE FRANCHISOR 283
4.3.3.5 THE FRANCHISEE'S LIABILITY TO CONSUMERS 283
4.4 THE END OF THE CONTRACT 284
4.4.1 TERM AND TERMINATION 284
4.4.1.1 TERM 284
4.4.1.2 TERMINATION OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 284
4.4.2 CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION 285
4.4.2.1 CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH 285
4.4.2.2 ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 287
BIBLIOGRAPHY 287
GERMANY 289
ULRICH LOHMANN
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 291
1.1 TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 292
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 293
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 293
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 294
1.3.1.1 ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS 294
1.3.1.2 SUPPORT 294
CONTENTS XXI
1.3.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 294
1.3.1.4 COMMISSION 295
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 296
1.4 THE AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 296
1.4.1 THE AGENT'S DUTIES 296
1.4.1.1 REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS 296
1.4.1.2 PRICES, TERMS AND CONDITIONS 296
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 297
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 297
1.4.1.5 MINIMUM SALES 297
1.4.2 THE AGENT'S RIGHTS 297
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 298
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 299
1.7 INDEMNITY 300
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 301
1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 302
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 302
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 304
2.1.1 DEFINITION 304
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 305
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 305
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 305
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 308
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 309
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 309
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 312
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF
THE DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT 312
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 313
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 313
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 314
2.1.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 315
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 315
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 317
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 3 \ 9
2.1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 319
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 319
2.2.1 DEFINITION 319
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 320
2.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 320
2.2.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 320
2.2.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 322
2.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 322
XXII CONTENTS
2.2.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR 322
2.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 323
2.2.7 INDEMNITY 323
2.2.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EUROPEAN LAW 323
2.2.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 323
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 324
3.1 DEFINITION 324
3.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS 324
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 325
3.3 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 325
3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 327
3.5 LIABILITIES OF FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE DURING THE TERM OF
THE FRANCHISING AGREEMENT 327
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 327
3.7 INDEMNITY 328
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 328
3.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 328
GREECE 329
HELEN PAPACONSTANTINOU
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 331
1.1 DEFINITION OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 331
1.1.1 COMMERCIAL AGENTS 331
1.1.1.1 COMMERCIAL AGENCY AGREEMENTS FALLING WITHIN THE SCOPE
OF PD 219/91 332
1.1.1.2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL AGENCY AGREEMENTS
UNDER GREEK LAW 333
1.1.2 OTHERS 335
1.1.2.1 THE COMMISSION AGENCY 335
1.1.2.2 THE BROKER 335
1.1.2.3 THE MANDATORY 336
1.1.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR 336
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 336
1.2.1 ABSENCE OF PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS 336
1.2.2 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 336
1.2.3 THE NEGOTIATIONS 337
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 337
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 337
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 337
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF AGENT, INFORMATION 338
1.3.1.3 SUPPLY OF WRITTEN STATEMENT 339
1.3.1.4 OBLIGATION TO COVER EXCEPTIONAL EXPENSES 339
CONTENTS XXIII
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 339
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 339
1.4.1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 340
1.4.1.2 DUTY TO FOLLOW THE PRINCIPAL'S INSTRUCTIONS 340
1.4.1.3 DUTY TO PROTECT THE PRINCIPAL'S INTERESTS 340
1.4.1.4 DEL CREDERE 340
1.4.1.5 NON-COMPETITION 340
1.4.1.6 SECRECY 341
1.4.1.7 DUTY TO INFORM 342
1.4.1.8 DUTY TO ACCOUNT 342
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 342
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 342
1.5.1.1 CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 342
1.5.12 PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 343
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 343
1.5.2.1 CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 343
1.5.2.2 LIABILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL FOR THE FAULT OF THE AGENT 345
1.5.3 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 345
1.5.4 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 346
1.5.4.1 CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 346
1.5.4.2 TORTIOUS LIABILITY 346
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 346
1.6.1 COMMERCIAL AGENCY AGREEMENTS FALLING WITHIN THE SCOPE
OF PD 219/91 346
1.6.2 COMMERCIAL AGENCY AGREEMENT NOT FALLING WITHIN THE SCOPE
OF PD 219/91 347
1.7 INDEMNITY 349
1.7.1 COMMERCIAL AGENCY AGREEMENTS FALLING WITHIN THE SCOPE
OF PD 219/91 349
1.7.2 COMMERCIAL AGENCY AGREEMENTS NOT FALLING WITHIN THE SCOPE
OF PD 219/91 350
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 352
1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 352
1.9.1 APPLICABLE LAW 352
1.9.2 JURISDICTION 352
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 353
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 353
2.1.1 DEFINITION 353
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 355
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 355
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 355
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 355
XX
IV CONTENTS
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 356
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 356
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES (BUYERS) 356
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 356
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 356
2.1.8 APPLICATION OF GREEK COMPETITION LAW 357
2.1.8.1 FREE COMPETITION 357
2.1.8.2 UNFAIR COMPETITION 363
2.1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 364
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 364
2.2.1 DEFINITION 364
2.2.2 GENERAL LEGAL PROVISIONS 364
2.2.3 APPLICATION OF GREEK COMPETITION LAW 364
2.2.3.1 FREE COMPETITION 364
2.2.3.2 UNFAIR COMPETITION 371
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 372
3.1 DEFINITION 372
3.2 GENERAL LEGAL PROVISIONS 373
3.3 FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS AND COMPETITION LAW 374
IRELAND 377
DAMIAN COLLINS AND JOHN DARBY
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 379
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 379
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 379
1.1.2 EMPLOYED 380
1.1.3 OTHERS 380
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 380
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 380
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 380
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 380
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF AGENT, INFORMATION 381
1.3.1.3 SUPPLY OF WRITTEN STATEMENT 381
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 381
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 381
1.4.1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 381
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 381
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 381
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 382
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 382
1.4.2.1 COMMISSION 382
CONTENTS XXV
1.5 LIABILITIES OF THE PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY
382
1.5.1 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 382
1.5.2 THIRD PARTIES AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 382
1.5.3 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 383
1.5.4 THIRD PARTIES AS AGAINST THE AGENT 383
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 383
1.6.1 TERM 383
1.6.2 TERMINATION 384
1.7 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 384
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 384
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 384
2.1.1 DEFINITION 384
2.1.1.1 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE/EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 384
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 385
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 385
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 385
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 387
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 387
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 387
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 387
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 387
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 388
2.1.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 388
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 388
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 388
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 389
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 389
2.2.1 DEFINITION 389
2.2.2 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 389
2.2.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 389
2.2.4 DURATION AND TERMINATION 390
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 390
3.1 DEFINITION 390
3.2 TYPICAL FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES 391
3.3 TYPICAL FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES 391
3.4 DURATION AND TERMINATION 392
3.4.1 CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION 392
BIBLIOGRAPHY 392
CASE LAW AND DECISIONS 393
LEGISLATION 393
XXVI CONTENTS
ITALY 395
CLAUDIO COCUZZA
INTRODUCTION 397
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 398
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 398
1.1.1 THE 'COMMISSIONARIO' (COMMISSION AGENT) 398
1.1.2 THE 'PROCACCIATORE D'AFFARI' (OCCASIONAL BUSINESS PROMOTER) 398
1.1.3 THE 'MEDIATORE' (BROKER) 399
1.1.4 THE
4
VIAGGIATORE' (COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER) AND 'PIAZZISTA' (SALESMAN) 399
1.1.5 THE 'AGENTE COMMERCIALE' (COMMERCIAL AGENT) 399
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 400
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 400
1.3.1 COMMISSION 401
1.3.2 TERRITORY AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHT 402
1.3.3 POWERS OF REPRESENTATION 402
1.3.4 INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE 403
1.3.5 SUPPLY OF WRITTEN STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT 403
1.3.6 SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS 403
1.4 THE AGENT'S DUTIES 404
1.4.1 TO COMPLY WITH THE PRINCIPAL'S REASONABLE INSTRUCTIONS 404
1.4.2 TO INFORM 405
1.4.3 STANDARD OF DILIGENCE 405
1.4.4 THE DEL CREDERE PROVISION 405
1.4.5 NON-COMPETITION OBLIGATIONS 406
1.4.6 THE ROLL OF AGENTS 406
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 407
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 407
1.6.1 TERM 407
1.6.2 TERMINATION 407
1.7 INDEMNITY 408
1.7.1 TERMINATION INDEMNITY 408
1.7.2 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 410
1.7.3 DAMAGES 410
1.7.4 INDEMNITY TO THE PRINCIPAL 411
1.8 THE EC DIRECTIVE ON COMMERCIAL AGENTS 411
1.9 LEGISLATION 412
1.9.1 THE CIVIL CODE 412
1.9.2 THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 412
1.9.3 OTHER LAWS AND DECREES 412
1.9.4 COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS 412
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 413
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 413
CONTENTS XXVII
2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 414
2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S AND THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 414
2.3.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 415
2.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 415
2.3.3 EXCLUSIVE SELLING/PURCHASING CLAUSES 416
2.3.4 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION CLAUSES 416
2.4 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF A
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 417
2.4.1 THE LIABILITIES OF THE SUPPLIER TOWARDS THE DISTRIBUTOR AND OF THE
DISTRIBUTOR TOWARDS THE SUPPLIER 417
2.4.2 THE LIABILITY OF THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 417
2.4.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 418
2.5 TERM AND TERMINATION 418
2.5.1 TERM 418
2.5.2 TERMINATION 419
2.6 INDEMNITY 419
3. FRANCHISING AGREEMENTS 420
3.1 DEFINITION 420
3.2 FRANCHISING AND ITALIAN LAW 420
3.3 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 421
3.4 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES 421
3.5 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES 422
3.6 LIABILITIES 422
3.7 TERM AND TERMINATION 423
BIBLIOGRAPHY 423
LUXEMBOURG 425
GUY HADES
1 COMMERCIAL AGENCY 427
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 427
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 428
1.1.2 EMPLOYED 429
1.1.3 OTHERS 429
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 430
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 430
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 430
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 430
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF AGENT, INFORMATION 431
1.3.1.3 SUPPLY OF WRITTEN STATEMENT 431
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 432
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 432
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 432
XXVIII CONTENTS
1A1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 432
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 432
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 432
1A 1.4 SECRECY 433
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 434
1.4.2.1 COMMISSION 434
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 434
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 434
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 434
1.5.3 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 434
1.5.4 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 434
1.6 TERMS AND TERMINATION 435
1.6.1 TERM 435
1.6.2 EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES OR DEFAULT 435
1.7 INDEMNITY 435
1.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 435
1.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 436
1.7.2.1 CONDITIONS 436
1.7.2.2 CALCULATION OF DAMAGES 436
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 436
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 437
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 437
2.1.1 DEFINITION 437
2.1.1.1 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 437
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 437
2.1.2.1 GENERAL 437
2.1.2.2 DEFINING THE PARTIES' RESPECTIVE OBLIGATIONS 438
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 439
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 439
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 439
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 439
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 439
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 439
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 440
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 440
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 440
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 440
2.1.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 440
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 440
2.1.6.1 TERM 440
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 441
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 441
CONTENTS XXIX
2.1.7.1 VALID TERMINATION 441
2.1.7.2 INVALID TERMINATION 442
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 442
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 442
THE NETHERLANDS 445
SIMON VAN STEENBERGEN AND GERT-JAN MONSTER
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 447
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 447
1.1.1 INTRODUCTION 447
1.1.2 DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS 448
1.1.3 EMPLOYED AGENTS 449
1.1.4 OTHERS 449
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 449
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 450
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 450
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 450
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF THE AGENT, DUTY TO INFORM 450
1.3.1.3 WRITTEN STATEMENT ON COMMISSION 450
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 451
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 451
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 451
1.4.1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 451
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 451
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 452
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 452
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 453
1.4.2.1 COMMISSION 453
1.4.2.2 EXCLUSIVITY 454
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 454
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 454
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 455
1.5.3 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 455
1.5.4 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 455
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 456
1.6.1 TERM 456
1.6.2 TERMINATION 456
1.7 INDEMNITY 457
1.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 457
1.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 458
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 459
1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 459
XXX
CONTENTS
1.10 EC AND DUTCH COMPETITION LAW 460
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 460
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 460
2.1.1 DEFINITION 461
2.1.1.1 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE SALE/EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 461
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 462
2.1.2.1 FORM OF THE CONTRACT 462
2.1.2.2 CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS 462
2.1.2.3 REASONABLENESS AND FAIRNESS 464
2.1.2.4 DUTCH COMPETITION LAW 465
2.1.2.5 EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW 469
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 469
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 469
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 473
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 474
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 474
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 476
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM
OF THE AGREEMENT 477
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AND THE DISTRIBUTOR INTER SE 477
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 479
2.1.5.3 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 481
2.1.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 484
2.1.5.5 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 484
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 485
2.1.6.1 TERM 485
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 485
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 486
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 487
2.1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 487
2.1.9.1 APPLICABLE LAW 487
2.1.9.2 JURISDICTION 488
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 489
2.2.1 DEFINITION 489
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 489
2.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 489
2.2.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 490
2.2.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 491
2.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 491
2.2.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 491
2.2.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 491
2.2.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 491
CONTENTS XXXI
2.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 491
2.2.7 INDEMNITY 491
2.2.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 491
2.2.9 EUROPEAN AND DUTCH COMPETITION LAW 492
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 492
3.1 DEFINITION 492
3.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS 493
3.1.1.1 COLLABORATION 493
3.1.1.2 INDEPENDENCE 494
3.1.1.3 DISTINGUISHING CAPACITY: UNIFORMITY 494
3.1.1.4 TRANSFER OF KNOW-HOW, AND TRAINING SUPPORT 494
3.1.1.5 SELECTION 495
3.1.1.6 SUPERVISION 495
3.1.1.7 ROYALTIES, MANAGEMENT, SERVICE AND OTHER FEES 495
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT 495
3.2.1 FORM OF CONTRACT 495
3.2.2 LANGUAGE OF THE CONTRACT 496
3.2.3 CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS 496
3.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 496
3.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 496
3.3.1.1 PROVISION OF THE FRANCHISE FORMULA 496
3.3.1.2 SUPPORT FOR THE FRANCHISEE 496
3.3.1.3 ADVERTISING, RESEARCH, ETC 497
3.3.1.4 SUPPLY OF GOODS TO THE FRANCHISEE 497
3.3.1.5 EXCLUSIVITY 497
3.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 497
3.3.2.1 SUPERVISION OF THE FRANCHISEE 497
3.3.2.2 RIGHTS OVER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, ETC 497
3.3.2.3 NON-COMPETITION AND SECRECY 498
3.3.2.4 RECOMMENDING PRICES 498
3.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 498
3.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 498
3.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 499
3.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF
THE DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 499
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 499
3.6.1 CONTRACT TERM 500
3.6.2 TERM, TERMINATION AND LEASE 500
3.7 INDEMNITY 501
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 501
3.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 502
3.10 DUTCH COMPETITION LAW 502
BIBLIOGRAPHY 502
XXXII CONTENTS
NORWAY 503
CATO MYHRE
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 505
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 506
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 506
1.1.2 EMPLOYED 506
1.1.3 OTHERS 506
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 507
1.2.1 FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 507
1.2.2 NON-MANDATORY LAW 507
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 508
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 508
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 508
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF THE AGENT, INFORMATION 508
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 509
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 509
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 509
.4.1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 509
.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 509
.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 510
.4.1.4 SECRECY 510
.4.1.5 REPAYMENT OF COMMISSION 511
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 511
1.4.2.1 COMMISSION 511
1.4.2.2 RIGHT TO INFORMATION 513
1.4.2.3 RIGHT TO RETENTION AND SALE OF RETAINED GOODS 513
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 514
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 514
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 514
1.5.2.1 LIABILITIES OF THIRD PARTIES 516
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 517
1.6.1 TERM 517
1.6.2 TERMINATION 517
1.7 INDEMNITY 519
1.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 519
1.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 521
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 522
1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND PLACE OF JURISDICTION 522
1.9.1 APPLICABLE LAW 522
1.9.2 JURISDICTION 522
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 523
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 523
CONTENTS XXXIII
2.1.1 DEFINITION 523
2.12 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 524
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 524
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 524
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 525
2.1A THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 525
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 525
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 526
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 526
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 526
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 527
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 527
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 528
2.1.6.1 TERM 528
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 528
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 529
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 530
2.1.9 APPLICABLE LAW 530
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 530
2.2.1 DEFINITION 530
2.2.2 LEGISLATION 531
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 531
3.1 DEFINITION 531
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 532
3.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 532
3.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 532
3.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS . 533
3.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 533
3.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 533
3.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 534
3.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 534
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 534
3.6.1 TERM 534
3.6.2 TERMINATION 534
3.7 INDEMNITY 534
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 535
BIBILIOGRAPHY 535
XXXIV CONTENTS
PORTUGAL 537
NUNO RUIZ, ANA SANTOS REIS AND ALEXANDRA LEITDO
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 539
1.1 INTRODUCTION 539
1.2 COMMERCIAL AGENCY 540
1.2.1 DEFINITION 540
1.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE AGREEMENT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 540
1.2.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S AND AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 541
1.2.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND AGENT'S RIGHTS 541
1.2.3.2 PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS AND AGENT'S DUTIES 543
1.2.3.3 LIMITS OF CONTRACTUAL FREEDOM 544
1.2.4 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY
545
1.2.5 TERM AND TERMINATION 546
1.2.5.1 TERM 546
1.2.5.2 TERMINATION 546
1.2.5.3 COGENT REASONS 547
1.2.5.4 COMPENSATION 548
1.2.5.5 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 548
1.2.6 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 549
1.2.6.1 APPLICABLE LAW 549
1.2.6.2 APPLICABLE JURISDICTION 550
1.2.7 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 551
1.2.7.1 HARMONISATION OF THE NATIONAL LAWS ON COMMERCIAL AGENCY 551
1.2.7.2 COMPETITION LAW 551
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 551
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 551
2.1.1 DEFINITION 552
2.1.2 EXCLUSIVE AND NON-EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND PURCHASING 553
2.1.3 CONCLUSION OF THE AGREEMENT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 553
2.1.4 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 554
2.1.4.1 SUPPLY OF GOODS 554
2.1.4.2 EXCLUSIVITY 554
2.1.4.3 NON-DISCRIMINATION 555
2.1.4.4 TERRITORIAL PROTECTION 555
2.1.4.5 PRICES 555
2.1.4.6 USE OF THIRD PARTIES 556
2.1.5 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS AND THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 556
2.1.5.1 PRODUCT POLICY 556
2.1.5.2 UNILATERAL AMENDMENTS TO THE AGREEMENT 556
2.1.5.3 PROMOTION 556
2.1.5.4 MINIMUM PURCHASES 557
2.1.5.5 EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 557
CONTENTS XXXV
2.1.5.6 TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 557
2.1.5.7 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 557
2.1.5.8 CUSTOMER SERVICE 558
2.1.5.9 SECRECY 558
2.1.6 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 558
2.1.6.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 558
2.1.6.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 559
2.1.6.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 559
2.1.6.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 560
2.1.7 TERM AND TERMINATION 560
2.1.7.1 TERM 560
2.1.7.2 TERMINATION 560
2.1.7.3 REPURCHASE OF DISTRIBUTOR'S INVENTORY 562
2.1.8 INDEMNITY 562
2.1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 563
2.1.9.1 APPLICABLE LAW 563
2.1.9.2 APPLICABLE JURISDICTION 563
2.1.10 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 564
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 565
2.2.1 DEFINITION 565
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE AGREEMENT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 565
2.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 565
2.2.4 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS AND THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 565
2.2.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 567
2.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 567
2.2.7 INDEMNITY 567
2.2.8 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 567
2.2.9 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 567
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 568
3.1 DEFINITION 568
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE AGREEMENT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 569
33 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES AND THE FRANCHISEE'S RIGHTS 569
3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES AND THE FRANCHISOR'S RIGHTS 569
3.5 LIABILITIES OF THE FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE DURING THE
FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 570
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 570
3.7 INDEMNITY 570
3.8 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 570
3.9 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 570
XXXVI CONTENTS
SPAIN
571
ENRIC ENRICH MILLS, RAMON GIRBAU PEDRAGOSA AND SANTIAGO
MONTANER GOMIS
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 573
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 573
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT AGENTS 573
1.1.2 EMPLOYED AGENTS 574
1.1.3 OTHERS 574
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 575
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 575
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 575
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 576
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 576
1.4.LI TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 576
1.4.1.2 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 576
1.4.1.3 DEL CREDERE 576
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 576
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 577
1.7 INDEMNITY 577
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 578
1.8.1 EC LAW 578
1.8.2 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 579
1.8.2.1 APPLICABLE LAW 579
1.8.2.2 JURISDICTION 579
1.9 LEGISLATION 579
1.10 CASE LAW 579
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 580
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 580
2.1.1 DEFINITION 580
2.1.1.1 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE RESALE AND EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 582
2.12 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 583
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 583
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 583
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 584
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 584
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 584
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 585
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 585
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR AND VICE VERSA 585
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AND/OR THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 585
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 586
CONTENTS XXXVII
2.1.6.1 TERM 586
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 586
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 588
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 588
2.1.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 589
2.1.9.1 APPLICABLE LAW 589
2.1.9.2 JURISDICTION 589
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 590
2.2.1 DEFINITION 590
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 591
2.2.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 591
2.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 591
2.2.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 591
2.2.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 592
2.2.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 592
2.2.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 592
2.2.7 INDEMNITY 592
2.2.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 592
2.2.9 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 592
2.2.10 CASE LAW 592
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 594
3.1 DEFINITION 594
3.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS 595
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 595
3.3 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 596
3.3.1 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES 596
3.3.2 THE FRANCHISOR'S RIGHTS 596
3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 597
3.4.1 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES 597
3.4.2 THE FRANCHISEE'S RIGHTS 597
3.5 LIABILITIES OF FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE DURING THE TERM OF
THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 597
3.5.1 THE FRANCHISOR AS AGAINST THE FRANCHISEE 597
3.5.2 THE FRANCHISOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 598
3.5.3 THE FRANCHISEE AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 598
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 598
3.6.1 TERM 598
3.6.2 TERMINATION 599
3.7 INDEMNITY 599
3.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 599
3.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 599
3.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 599
XXXVIII CONTENTS
3.9 LEGISLATION 600
3.10 CASE LAW
600
BIBLIOGRAPHY
601
SWEDEN
603
KARUJOHAN DHUNER, CHRISTER A. HOLM AND PETER SKOGLUND
INTRODUCTION ' 605
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 606
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 607
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT 607
1.1.2 EMPLOYED
607
1.1.3 OTHERS
607
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 608
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 608
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 608
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 609
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF AGENT, INFORMATION 609
1.3.1.3 SUPPLY OF A WRITTEN STATEMENT 609
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 609
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 609
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 609
1.4.1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 610
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 610
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 610
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 610
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 611
1.4.2.1 COMMISSION 611
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 611
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 611
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 612
1.5.3 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 612
1.5.4 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 612
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 612
1.6.1 TERM 612
1.6.2 TERMINATION 612
1.7 INDEMNITY 613
1.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR GOODWILL AND/OR CLIENTELE 613
1.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 614
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 614
1.8.1 APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION 614
1.8.1.1 APPLICABLE LAW 614
1.8.1.2 COMPETENT JURISDICTION 615
CONTENTS XXXIX
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 615
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 615
2.1.1 DEFINITION 615
2.1.1.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR 616
2.1.1.2 THE SUPPLIER 616
2.1.2 THE CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 616
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 616
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 617
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM
OF THE AGREEMENT 618
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 618
2.1.5.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 618
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 619
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 619
2.1.6.1 TERM 619
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 620
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 620
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 620
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 620
2.3 CHECKLIST 621
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 622
3.1 DEFINITION 622
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 622
3.3 THE DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF THE PARTIES 622
3.3.1 THE FRANCHISOR'S DUTIES 623
3.3.2 THE FRANCHISOR'S RIGHTS 623
3.3.3 THE FRANCHISEE'S DUTIES 623
3.3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S RIGHTS 623
3.4 LIABILITIES OF THE FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE DURING THE TERM
OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 624
3.5 TERM AND TERMINATION 624
3.6 INDEMNITY 624
3.7 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 624
3.8 DISPUTES 624
LEGISLATION 624
CASE LAW 624
BIBLIOGRAPHY 624
SWITZERLAND 625
JEAN-ERIC COMBE AND JEAN-LOUIS COLLART
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 627
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 627
X
L CONTENTS
1.1.1 INDEPENDENT AGENT 627
1.1.2 EMPLOYED AGENTS 628
1.1.3 OTHERS
629
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 630
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 630
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 630
1.3.1.1 COMMISSION 630
1.3.1.2 PROTECTION OF THE AGENT, INFORMATION 631
1.3.1.3 SUPPLY OF WRITTEN STATEMENTS 631
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 631
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 632
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 632
1.4.1.1 TRUSTWORTHINESS, DUTY TO INFORM 632
1.4.1.2 DEL CREDERE 632
1.4.1.3 NON-COMPETITION 632
1.4.1.4 SECRECY 633
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 633
1.5 LIABILITIES OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY 634
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 634
1.5.2 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 635
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 635
1.6.1 TERM 635
1.6.2 TERMINATION 635
1.6.3 TERMINATION FOR LEGITIMATE GROUNDS 636
1.7 INDEMNITY 637
1.7.1 INDEMNITY FOR CLIENTELE 637
1.7.2 COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES 638
1.7.3 COMPENSATION BASED ON A CLAUSE OF PROHIBITION TO COMPETE 638
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 638
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 638
2.1.1 DEFINITION 638
2.1.1.1 DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT: A 'CONTRACTUS INNOMINATUS' 638
2.1.1.2 DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT AND ANTITRUST LEGISLATION 639
2.1.1.3 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 640
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS) 641
2.1.3 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS AND DUTIES 641
2.1.3.1 THE SUPPLIER'S DUTIES 641
2.1.3.2 THE SUPPLIER'S RIGHTS 643
2.1.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 643
2.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S DUTIES 643
2.1.4.2 THE DISTRIBUTOR'S RIGHTS 645
2.1.5 LIABILITIES OF SUPPLIER AND DISTRIBUTOR DURING THE TERM OF THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENT 645
CONTENTS XLI
2.1.5.1 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THE DISTRIBUTOR 645
2.1.5.2 THE SUPPLIER AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 646
2.1.5.3 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 646
2.1.5.4 THE DISTRIBUTOR AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 647
2.1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 647
2.1.6.1 TERM 647
2.1.6.2 TERMINATION 647
2.1.7 INDEMNITY 649
2.1.7.1 COMPENSATORY DAMAGES 649
2.1.7.2 SUPPLEMENTARY INDEMNITIES 650
2.1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 23 OF THE FREE TRADE TREATY
BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND SWITZERLAND 651
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 651
2.2.1 DEFINITION 651
2.2.1.1 THE SWISS FEDERAL ACT ON CARTELS AND COMPETITION 652
2.2.1.2 CAUSE OF ACTION AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 653
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENT 654
3.1 DEFINITION 654
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 654
3.3 THE FRANCHISOR'S OBLIGATIONS 654
3.4 THE FRANCHISEE'S OBLIGATIONS 655
3.5 LIABILITIES OF THE FRANCHISOR AND FRANCHISEE DURING THE FRANCHISE
AGREEMENT 655
3.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 655
3.7 INDEMNITY 655
UNITED KINGDOM 657
FERGUS RANDOLPH, JONATHAN DAVEY AND STEPHEN SIDKIN
1. COMMERCIAL AGENCY 659
INTRODUCTION 659
1.1 DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF AGENCIES AND INTERMEDIARIES 661
1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 661
1.2.1 EXPRESS AUTHORITY 661
1.2.2 IMPLIED AUTHORITY 662
1.2.3 AGENCY WITHOUT AGREEMENT 662
1.2.4 AGENCY BY RATIFICATION 662
1.3 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 663
1.3.1 THE PRINCIPAL'S DUTIES 663
1.3.2 THE PRINCIPAL'S RIGHTS 663
1.3.2.1 GENERAL LAW 663
1.3.2.2 WHERE THE REGULATIONS APPLY 664
1.4 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES AND RIGHTS 664
XLII CONTENTS
1.4.1 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S DUTIES 664
1.4.1.1 GENERAL LAW 664
1.4.2 THE COMMERCIAL AGENT'S RIGHTS 666
1.4.2.1 GENERAL LAW 666
1.4.2.2 WHERE THE REGULATIONS APPLY 666
1.5 LIABILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL AND AGENT DURING THE TERM OF THE AGENCY
667
1.5.1 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THE AGENT 667
1.5.2 THE PRINCIPAL AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 667
1.5.3 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL 667
1.5.4 THE AGENT AS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 668
1.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 668
1.7 INDEMNITY 669
1.8 SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF EC LAW 671
2. DISTRIBUTORSHIP AGREEMENTS 671
2.1 DISTRIBUTION 671
2.1.1 DEFINITION 672
2.1.1.1 EXCLUSIVE/NON-EXCLUSIVE/EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 672
2.1.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 674
2.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 674
2.2.1 DEFINITION 674
2.2.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 675
3. FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 675
3.1 DEFINITION 675
3.2 CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT (SPECIAL CONDITIONS) 676
3.3 COMPETITION LAW ISSUES 676
INDEX 677 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013399619 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | KJE2079 |
| callnumber-raw | KJE2079.C66 2000 |
| callnumber-search | KJE2079.C66 2000 |
| callnumber-sort | KJE 42079 C66 42000 |
| classification_rvk | PS 3200 PS 3760 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)45845292 (DE-599)BVBBV013399619 |
| dewey-full | 341.754094 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 341 - Law of nations |
| dewey-raw | 341.754094 |
| dewey-search | 341.754094 |
| dewey-sort | 3341.754094 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV013399619</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20021022</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">001024s2000 ne |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9041197486</subfield><subfield code="9">90-411-9748-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)45845292</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV013399619</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ne</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-NL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M382</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">KJE2079.C66 2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">341.754094</subfield><subfield code="2">21</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PS 3200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)139756:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PS 3760</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)139788:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Commercial agency and distribution agreements</subfield><subfield code="b">law and practice in the member states of the European Union</subfield><subfield code="c">vol. ed. Geert Bogaert ...</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3. ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">The Hague [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Kluwer Law Internat.</subfield><subfield code="c">2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LIX, 707 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AIJA law library</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="610" ind1="2" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Europäische Union</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)5098525-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Agents commerciaux - Statut juridique - Pays de l'Union européen</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Agentuurovereenkomsten</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Concessions (commerce de détail) - Pays de l'Union européen</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Concurrence - Droit européen</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Europees recht</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Franchising</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Vertegenwoordiging (recht)</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Europarecht</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Recht</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Commercial agents -- European Union countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Distributors (Commerce) -- Legal status, laws, etc -- European Union countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Franchises (Retail trade) -- Law and legislation -- European countries</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Rechtsvergleich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4115712-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Handelsvertreter</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4023260-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Europäische Union</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)5098525-5</subfield><subfield code="D">b</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Handelsvertreter</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4023260-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Rechtsvergleich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4115712-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bogaert, Geert</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">SWB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009142381&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009142381</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| id | DE-604.BV013399619 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T09:17:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9041197486 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009142381 |
| oclc_num | 45845292 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-739 DE-M382 DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-739 DE-M382 DE-521 |
| physical | LIX, 707 S. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Kluwer Law Internat. |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | AIJA law library |
| spelling | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union vol. ed. Geert Bogaert ... 3. ed. The Hague [u.a.] Kluwer Law Internat. 2000 LIX, 707 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier AIJA law library Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Agents commerciaux - Statut juridique - Pays de l'Union européen ram Agentuurovereenkomsten gtt Concessions (commerce de détail) - Pays de l'Union européen ram Concurrence - Droit européen ram Europees recht gtt Franchising gtt Vertegenwoordiging (recht) gtt Europarecht Recht Commercial agents -- European Union countries Distributors (Commerce) -- Legal status, laws, etc -- European Union countries Franchises (Retail trade) -- Law and legislation -- European countries Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd rswk-swf Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 s Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 s DE-604 Bogaert, Geert Sonstige oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009142381&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Agents commerciaux - Statut juridique - Pays de l'Union européen ram Agentuurovereenkomsten gtt Concessions (commerce de détail) - Pays de l'Union européen ram Concurrence - Droit européen ram Europees recht gtt Franchising gtt Vertegenwoordiging (recht) gtt Europarecht Recht Commercial agents -- European Union countries Distributors (Commerce) -- Legal status, laws, etc -- European Union countries Franchises (Retail trade) -- Law and legislation -- European countries Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4115712-6 (DE-588)4023260-8 |
| title | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union |
| title_auth | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union |
| title_exact_search | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union |
| title_full | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union vol. ed. Geert Bogaert ... |
| title_fullStr | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union vol. ed. Geert Bogaert ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the European Union vol. ed. Geert Bogaert ... |
| title_short | Commercial agency and distribution agreements |
| title_sort | commercial agency and distribution agreements law and practice in the member states of the european union |
| title_sub | law and practice in the member states of the European Union |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Agents commerciaux - Statut juridique - Pays de l'Union européen ram Agentuurovereenkomsten gtt Concessions (commerce de détail) - Pays de l'Union européen ram Concurrence - Droit européen ram Europees recht gtt Franchising gtt Vertegenwoordiging (recht) gtt Europarecht Recht Commercial agents -- European Union countries Distributors (Commerce) -- Legal status, laws, etc -- European Union countries Franchises (Retail trade) -- Law and legislation -- European countries Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Agents commerciaux - Statut juridique - Pays de l'Union européen Agentuurovereenkomsten Concessions (commerce de détail) - Pays de l'Union européen Concurrence - Droit européen Europees recht Franchising Vertegenwoordiging (recht) Europarecht Recht Commercial agents -- European Union countries Distributors (Commerce) -- Legal status, laws, etc -- European Union countries Franchises (Retail trade) -- Law and legislation -- European countries Rechtsvergleich Handelsvertreter Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009142381&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bogaertgeert commercialagencyanddistributionagreementslawandpracticeinthememberstatesoftheeuropeanunion |