An introduction to African linguistics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
München [u.a.]
LINCOM Europa
2000
|
| Schriftenreihe: | LINCOM handbooks in linguistics
16 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 317 S. |
| ISBN: | 389586675X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introduction to African linguistics |c Ngessimo N. Mutaka ; with the collaboration of Pius Ngwa Tamanji |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
An Introduction to African Linguistics
Contents i
Preface ix
Chapter 1: Classification of African languages 1
0. Preliminaries: two types of classification 1
a. typological or structural classification 1
b. genealogical classification 2
1. Guthrie s classification 3
1.1. Guthrie s criteria for the classification of Bantu 3
1.2. Guthrie s working method 4
1.3. Narrow vs. Wide Bantu 5
II. Greenberg s classification 5
H.a. Westermann s eastern and western sudanic languages 5
Il.b. Greenberg s classification 6
II.c. Notes on Niger-Kordofanian 8
II.d. Greenberg s methodology 11
Il.e. Why is Bantu part of Niger-Kongo? 11
III. Earlier classifications 13
IV. Some recent proposals of classifications 13
V. Classifications of Cameroonian languages in ALCAM 14
VI. About genetic classifications 16
Appendix a: illustrations of Guthrie s classification 20
Appendix b: Classification of Bantu languages (Bastin 1982) 23
Exercises 32
Chapter 2: Sound Systems of African languages: phonetics 33
I. Vowel characteristics of African languages 33
0. Vowel chart 33
1. Symmetrical vowel Systems 33
2. Allophonic Variation 36
3. Vowel length 37
4. Phoneme nasalization 39
5. Vowel harmony 40
6. Vowel elision 42
7. Vowel coalescence 43
II. Consonant characteristics of African languages 44
0. Consonant chart of African languages 44
1. Doubly-articulated stops 45
2. Aspirated consonants 46
3. Palatal release 46
4. Implosives 47
ii Introduction to African Linguistics
5. Glottal stops 47
6. Clicks 47
7. Nasal + consonant sequences 47
8. Gerainates in Luganda 49
III. Further characteristics of Bantu languages 50
Exercises 51
Chapter 3: Non tonal phonological processes 54
1. Vowel harmony 54
1.1. ATR harmony 54
1.2. Height harmony 57
1.3. Round harmony 58
2. Nasalization 59
2.1. nasal assimilation 59
2.1.a. partial nasal assimilation 59
2.1.b. complete nasal assimilation 61
2.2. Nasalization 62
3. Reduplication 63
3.1. Partial reduplication 64
3.La. Stern reduplication 64
3.1.b. Single syllable reduplication 65
3.2. Complete reduplication 66
4. Compensatory lengthening 67
5. Penultimate lengthening 68
6. Syllabification 69
7. Segment deletion/insertion 70
8. Vowel coalescence 71
9. Gliding 71
10. Assibilation 72
11. Dahl s law 73
12. Vowel height transfer 73
13. Voicing 75
14. Aspiration 76
15. Implosion 76
16. Glottalization 77
17. Palatalization 77
18. Velarization/labialization 78
19. Floating non tonal features 78
20. Imbrication 81
21. The mora as a prosodic unit 82
Contents ii
Chapter 4: Tonological processcs 85
1. Tone groups 85
2. Floating tones 88
3. High tone spreading 91
3.1. left to right spreading 91
3.2. right to left spreading 93
4. Edge-in association 93
5. V2 linking 95
6. Meeussen s rule 96
7. Stevick s rule 97
8. Downstep 97
9. Upstep 99
10. Latent High tone 100
11. Tone retraction 101
12. Effect of depressor consonants 101
13. Some tonological processes in phrasal phonology 101
Chapter 5. Exercises on phonological processes 106
ATR harmony, palatalization and labialization, vowel harmony, imbrication
moraic evidence, assibilation, vowel coalescence, nasalization, implosives, vowe
height transfer, syllabification, nasal assimilation, Dahl s law, height harmony
vowel deletion, reduplication, lengthening, voicing assimilation, vowel raising
tone assignment, high tone spreading, transparent low tone, downstep, thi
superhigh tone, tonal alternations
Chapter 6: Morphology 150
I. The structure of the Bantu noun 150
1.1. Bantu noun prefixes 150
1.2. Concord 152
1.2.1. The notion of concord 152
1.2.2. Concord affixes 153
1.3. Types of nominal forms in Bantu languages 153
1.4. The Augment in Bantu languages 154
1.5. Secondary prefixes 154
1.6. On the differences between primary secondary prefixes 156
1.6.1. The structure of the Kiswahili nominal 156
1.6.2. The structure of the Kinande noun 157
1.7. The Grassfields Bantu languages 158
1.7.1. General remarks on Grassfields Bantu languages 158
1.7.2. The noun class in some Grassfields languages 159
(Ngie, Ngamambo, Mankon, Oshie, Kom, Ngwe)
1.8. Adjectives 169
iv Introduction to African Linguistics
1.8.1. Commonly found adjectives 169
1.8.2. ProtoBantu adjectives 170
1.8.3. Adjectives in Kivunjo Chaga 170
1.9. Other nominal forms that should be examined 172
II. The structureof the verb 173
11.1. Elements of the verb form 173
11.2. A more simplified terminology 174
11.3. List of ProtoBantu productive extensions 174
III. Verbal extensions 176
1. Productive verbal extensions 177
1.1. Extensions that affect verb valency 177
1.1.1. Valency-increasing extensions 177
a. causative 177
b. instrumental 178
c. accompaniment 179
d. applicative/benefactive/dative 179
d. separative 180
f. passive 180
1.1.2. valency-decreasing extensions 181
a. reciprocal 181
b. spontaneous/stative/derived intransitive 182
2. Non-productive verbal extensions 183
IV. Tense, aspect and mood 184
1. Tense 184
2. Aspect 185
a. perfective 185
b. imperfective 186
c. attenuative 186
d. repetitive 187
e. quantitative 187
f. simultaneous 188
g. distributive 188
h. random 188
3. Mood 189
Exercises 190
Chapter 7: The Syntax of African Languages 192
1.0 Introduction 192
1.1. Syntactic categories 192
1.1.1. Minor Categories 193
1.1.1.1. Determiners 193
1.1.1.2. Pronouns 196
1.1.1.3. Conjunctions 198
Contents v
1.1.1.4. Prepositions 200
1.1.2. Major Categories 201
1.1.2.1. Nouns 202
1.1.2.2. Verbs 202
1.1.2.3. Adjectives 203
1.1.2.4. Adverbs 203
1.1.2.5. Ideophones 203
1.2. Phrases, trees and rules 204
1.2.1. The noun phrase 204
1.2.2. The verb phrase 208
1.2.3. The prepositional phrase 209
1.2.4. The adjectival phrase 209
1.2.5. The inflection phrase 210
1.3. Transformations and derived structures 211
1.3.1. Relative Clauses 211
1.3.2. Focus constructions 215
1.3.3. Question constructions 218
13.3. Yes/No Questions 219
1.3.3.2. Wh-questions 220
1.3.4. Negation 222
1.3.5. Nominalization 225
1.3.5.1. Infinitive Nominals 226
1.3.5.2. Derived Nominals 226
1.3.6. Serial verb constructions 227
1.3.6.1. Co-ordinate SVCs 228
1.3.6.2. Modifying SVCs 230
1.4. Agreement in sentence structure 232
14.1. Noun - Satellite agreement 233
1.4.2. Subject - verb agreement 234
1.4.2.1. Pronoun - verb agreement 234
14.2.2. Noun - verb agreement 235
1.4.2.3. Nominals - verb agreement 236
1.4.2.4. Agreement in relative clauses in Swahili 237
1.4.3. Object Verb Agreement 238
1.5. Summary and Conclusion 242
Chapter 8: Notes on bistorical linguistics 244
I. Notes on the history of work on African languages 244
H. Language reconstructions 245
a. the comparative method 245
b. internal reconstructions 247
III. Sound changes from Proto-Bantu 248
a. Meinhofs reconstruction of the consonants + vowels ... 249
vi Introduction to African Linguistics
b. vowel Systems 249
c. consonant Systems 249
d. tonal Systems 250
e. common phonological processes: 251
(i) assibilation 251
(ii) Meinhofs law 252
(iii) Kuanyama law 253
(iv) Dahl s law 253
(v) Nasal harmony 254
(vi) Vowel harmony 254
(vii) Vowel attraction 255
(viii) Liquid deletion 256
(ix) Geminates 257
(x) Free variants 257
(xi) Metathesis 258
Exercises 259
Chapter 9: Trade languages, pidgins, and creoles 265
I. Definitions and exemplifications 265
a. Trade language 265
b. Pidgin 265
c. Creole 266
II. Pidgin English of Cameroon (PEC) 266
a. PEC conversation 267
b. PEC, a creole or a pidgin? 269
c. further issues on the creolization of PEC 272
Exercises 274
Chapter 10: Further issues in African linguistics 279
I. Lexical expansion in African languages 279
1.1. borrowing 280
1.2. resuscitation 284
1.3. coinage, a means of exploiting internal resources 285
1.3.1. composition 285
I.3.1.a. description 286
I.3.1.b. translation 286
1.3.2. Derivation 287
1.3.3. Compounding 287
1.3.4. Reduplication 288
1.3.5. Onomatopoeia 289
1.3.6. Ideophones 289
1.3.7. Range extensions 290
1.4. Combination of mechanisms 291
Contents vii
II. Glottochronology (or lexicostatistics) 293
III. Dialectometry 295
IV. Linguistic geography 300
Exercises 302
References 303
Language Index 311
Subject Index 314
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:44:57Z |
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| isbn | 389586675X |
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| spelling | Mutaka, Ngessimo M. Verfasser (DE-588)1058145487 aut An introduction to African linguistics Ngessimo N. Mutaka ; with the collaboration of Pius Ngwa Tamanji München [u.a.] LINCOM Europa 2000 X, 317 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier LINCOM handbooks in linguistics 16 Afrikaanse talen gtt Langues africaines Linguistique - Afrique African languages Bantu languages Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd rswk-swf Afrikanische Sprachen (DE-588)4120108-5 gnd rswk-swf Afrique - Langues Afrikanische Sprachen (DE-588)4120108-5 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 s Tamanji, Pius Ngwa ctb LINCOM handbooks in linguistics 16 (DE-604)BV010756322 16 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009132281&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mutaka, Ngessimo M. An introduction to African linguistics LINCOM handbooks in linguistics Afrikaanse talen gtt Langues africaines Linguistique - Afrique African languages Bantu languages Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd Afrikanische Sprachen (DE-588)4120108-5 gnd |
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| title | An introduction to African linguistics |
| title_auth | An introduction to African linguistics |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to African linguistics |
| title_full | An introduction to African linguistics Ngessimo N. Mutaka ; with the collaboration of Pius Ngwa Tamanji |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to African linguistics Ngessimo N. Mutaka ; with the collaboration of Pius Ngwa Tamanji |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to African linguistics Ngessimo N. Mutaka ; with the collaboration of Pius Ngwa Tamanji |
| title_short | An introduction to African linguistics |
| title_sort | an introduction to african linguistics |
| topic | Afrikaanse talen gtt Langues africaines Linguistique - Afrique African languages Bantu languages Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd Afrikanische Sprachen (DE-588)4120108-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Afrikaanse talen Langues africaines Linguistique - Afrique African languages Bantu languages Grammatik Bantusprachen Afrikanische Sprachen Afrique - Langues |
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