Requests and culture: politeness in British English and Japanese
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bern [u.a.]
Lang
2000
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 315 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 390676530X |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Fukushima, Saeko |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Requests and culture |b politeness in British English and Japanese |c Saeko Fukushima |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bern [u.a.] |b Lang |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a 315 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Englisch | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a English language |x Honorific | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general |x Honorific | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Japanese language |x Honorific | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language and culture | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Speech acts (Linguistics) | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Höflichkeit |0 (DE-588)4160349-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kommunikationsverhalten |0 (DE-588)4164814-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Japan |0 (DE-588)4028495-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Großbritannien |0 (DE-588)4022153-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Großbritannien |0 (DE-588)4022153-2 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Höflichkeit |0 (DE-588)4160349-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Kommunikationsverhalten |0 (DE-588)4164814-6 |D s |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009132127 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1816443730939346944 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
LIST
OF
TABLES
.
15
LIST
OF
FIGURES
.
17
C
HAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
.
19
1.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
19
1.2.
CONTEXTUALISING
THIS
STUDY
.
21
1.3.
STRUCTURE
OF
THIS
STUDY
.
23
1.4.
CONCLUSION
.
23
C
HAPTER
2
POLITENESS
THEORIES
.
25
2.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
25
2.2.
DEFINITIONS
OF
POLITENESS
.
26
2.3.
FOUR
VIEWS
OF
POLITENESS
.
28
2.3.1.
THE
SOCIAL-NORM
VIEW
.
28
2.3.2.
THE
CONVERSATIONAL-MAXIM
VIEW
.
28
2.3.2.1.
GRICE
.
29
2.3.2.2.
LAKOFF
.32
2.3.2.3.
LEECH
.33
2.3.3.
THE
FACE-SAVING
VIEW
.
36
2.3.3.1.
FACE,
UNIVERSALITY
AND
POLITENESS
STRATEGIES
.
36
2.3.3.2.
VARIABLES
DETERMINING
POLITENESS
STRATEGIES
.
41
2.3.3.3.
CROSS-CULTURAL
VARIATION
AND
DISTRIBUTION
OF
POLITENESS
STRATEGIES
.
42
2.3.4.
THE
CONVERSATIONAL-CONTRACT
VIEW
.
46
2.3.5.
THE
THEORETICAL
POSITION
OF
THIS
STUDY
.
47
2.4.
CRITICISMS
OF
BROWN
AND
LEVINSON
.
48
2.4.1.
FACE
AND
UNIVERSALITY
.
48
2.4.1.1.
JAPANESE
CRITICISMS
.
48
2.4.1.2.
CHINESE
CRITICISMS
.
51
2.4.2.
EVALUATION
OF
CRITICISMS
.
53
2.4.2.1.
JAPANESE
.
53
2.4.2.2.
CHINESE
.
59
2.5.
CONCLUSION
.
60
C
HAPTER
3
REQUESTS
AND
RESPONSES
TO
REQUESTS
.
63
3.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
63
3.2.
REQUESTS
AND
SPEECH
ACT
THEORY
.
64
3.3.
INDIRECTNESS
IN
REQUESTS
.
66
3.4.
TYPES
OF
REQUESTS
.
68
3.5.
PAYOFFS
OF
DIFFERENT
TYPES
OF
REQUESTS
.
72
3.6.
STRUCTURES,
FORMS
AND
CATEGORIES
OF
REQUESTS
.
74
3.7.
VARIABLES
AFFECTING
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
76
3.7.1.
RELATIONSHIP
OF
VARIABLES
AND
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
76
3.7.2.
COMPONENTS
OF
VARIABLES
.
79
3.7.2.1.
POWER
.
79
3.7.2.2.
DISTANCE
.
81
3.7.2.3.
IMPOSITION
.
84
3.7.3.
VARIABLES
INCLUDED
IN
THIS
STUDY
.
85
3.7.3.1.
POWER
.
85
3.7.3.2.
SOCIAL
DISTANCE
.
86
3.7.3.3.
IMPOSITION
.
88
3.8.
RESPONSES
TO
REQUESTS
.
89
3.8.1.
TYPES
OF
RESPONSES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
91
3.8.2.
DEFINITIONS
OF
SOLICITOUSNESS
.
92
3.8.3.
CONDITIONS
OF
SOLICITOUSNESS
.
94
3.8.4.
STATUS
OF
SOLICITOUSNESS
IN
POLITENESS
STRATEGIES
.
95
3.8.5.
INTERPRETATIONS
OF
SOLICITOUSNESS
.
96
3.8.6.
SOLICITOUSNESS
AND
FACE
.
98
3.9.
CONCLUSION
.
99
C
HAPTER
4
CULTURAL
DIMENSIONS
OF
THE
STUDY
.
101
4.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
101
4.2.
WHAT
IS
CULTURE?
.
101
4.2.1.
DEFINITIONS
OF
CULTURE
.
101
10
4.2.2.
THE
ANTHROPOLOGICAL
VIEW
.
104
4.2.3.
PROBLEMS
CONCERNING
CULTURE
.
107
4.3.
COLLECTIVISM-INDIVIDUALISM
.
109
4.3.1.
DEFINITIONS
.
110
4.3.2.
CRITICISMS
.
112
4.3.3.
FEATURES
OF
COLLECTIVISM
AND
INDIVIDUALISM
.
113
4.3.3.1.
THE
CONCEPT
OF
GROUP/INDIVIDUAL
.
113
4.3.3.2.
COMMUNICATION
PATTERNS
.
116
4.3.4.
A
BRIEF
SUMMARY
OF
COLLECTIVIST
CULTURES
AND
INDIVIDUALIST
CULTURES
.
121
4.3.5.
JAPANESE
CULTURE
AND
BRITISH
CULTURE:
COLLECTIVIST
OR
INDIVIDUALIST?
.
122
4.4.
CONCLUSION
.
125
C
HAPTER
5
RESEARCH
DESIGN
AND
METHODOLOGY
.
127
5.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
127
5.2.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
.
127
5.3.
HYPOTHESES
.
130
5.3.1.
HYPOTHESES
OF
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
.
130
5.3.2.
HYPOTHESES
OF
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
130
5.3.2.I.
HYPOTHESES
OF
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
BY
BRITISH
AND
JAPANESE
SUBJECTS
.
130
5.3.2.2.
HYPOTHESES
CONCERNING
THE
CORRELATION
BETWEEN
THE
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
AND
THE
CHOICE
OF
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
131
5.3.3.
HYPOTHESES
OF
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
132
5.3.3.1.
HYPOTHESES
OF
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
BY
BRITISH
AND
JAPANESE
SUBJECTS
.
132
5.3.3.2.
HYPOTHESES
CONCERNING
THE
CORRELATION
BETWEEN
THE
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
AND
THE
CHOICE
OF
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
132
5.4.
REVIEW
OF
METHODS
FOR
DATA
COLLECTION
.
133
5.4.1.
NATURALLY
OCCURRING
DATA
.
136
5.4.2.
ELICITED
DATA
.
137
11
5.4.2.1.
ROLE
PLAYS
.
137
5.4.2.2.
WRITTEN
QUESTIONNAIRES
.
138
5.4.2.2.1.
DISCOURSE
COMPLETION
TESTS
(DCTS).
.
138
5.4.2.2.2.
MULTIPLE-CHOICE
QUESTIONNAIRES
(MCQS)
.
140
5.5.
DATA
COLLECTION
AND
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENTS
.
141
5.5.1.
METHOD
OF
DATA
COLLECTION
.
141
5.5.1.1.
PREVIOUS
STAGES
OF
THE
PRESENT
STUDY
.
141
5.5.1.1.1.
PROJECT
92
.
141
5.5.1.1.2.
PROJECT
93
.
142
5.5.1.1.3.
PILOT
STUDY
.
142
5.5.1.1.4.
CHANGES
MADE
AS
A
RESULT
.
145
5.5.1.1.5.
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
(SA
96)
.
146
5.5.1.2.
THE
METHOD
FOR
THE
PRESENT
STUDY
.
150
5.5.2.
INSTRUMENTS
.
151
5.5.2.1.
NAMES
USED
IN
THE
INSTRUMENTS
.
151
5.5.2.2.
REQUEST
SITUATIONS
.
152
5.5.23.
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
.
152
5.5.2.4.
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
153
S.5.2.5.
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
155
5.5.3.
SUBJECTS
.
155
5.5.4.
PROCEDURES
.
157
5.5.4.I.
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
.
157
5.S.4.2.
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
158
5.5.4.3.
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
158
5.5.5.
DATA
COLLECTION
.
159
5.5.6.
TRANSLATION
OF
THE
INSTRUMENTS
.
159
5.5.6.1.
TRANSLATION
PROCEDURE
.
159
5.5.6.2.
PROBLEMS
AND
SOLUTIONS
.
160
5.6.
DATA
ANALYSES
.
163
5.6.1.
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
.
163
5.6.2.
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
AND
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
164
5.6.3.
CORRELATION
BETWEEN
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
AND
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
AND
CORRELATION
BETWEEN
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
AND
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
164
5.7.
CONCLUSION
.
165
12
C
HAPTER
6
RESULTS
.
167
6.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
167
6.2.
RESULTS
OF
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
.
167
6.3.
RESULTS
OF
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
169
6.4.
RESULTS
OF
CORRELATION
BETWEEN
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
AND
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
171
6.5.
RESULTS
OF
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
173
6.6.
RESULTS
OF
CORRELATION
BETWEEN
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
AND
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
175
6.7.
CONCLUSION
.
177
C
HAPTER
7
DISCUSSION
.
179
7.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
179
7.2.
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
.
181
7.2.1.
POWER
DIFFERENCE
.
182
7.2.2.
SOCIAL
DISTANCE
.
182
7.2.3.
IMPOSITION
.
183
7.3.
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
185
7.3.1.
THE
CHOICE
OF
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
185
7.3.1.1.
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
EMPLOYED
BY
BRITISH
AND
JAPANESE
SUBJECTS
.
185
7.3.1.2.
CATEGORISATION
OF
BRITISH
AND
JAPANESE
CULTURES
FROM
THE
PERSPECTIVE
OF
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
192
7.3.2.
THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
THE
CHOICE
OF
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
AND
THE
THREE
VARIABLES
.
196
7.4.
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
198
7.4.1.
THE
CHOICE
OF
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
198
7.4.1.1.
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
EMPLOYED
BY
BRITISH
AND
JAPANESE
SUBJECTS
.
199
7.4.1.2.
CATEGORISATION
OF
BRITISH
AND
JAPANESE
CULTURES
FROM
THE
PERSPECTIVE
OF
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
204
13
7.4.2.
THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
THE
CHOICE
OF
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
AND
THE
THREE
VARIABLES
.
205
7.5.
CONCLUSION
.
206
C
HAPTER
8
CONCLUSION
.
209
8.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
209
8.2.
SUMMARY
OF
FINDINGS
.
210
8.2.1.
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
.
211
8.2.2.
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
211
8.2.3.
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
213
8.3.
EVALUATING
THIS
STUDY
.
213
8.3.1.
STRENGTHS
.
214
8.3.2.
LIMITATIONS
.
216
8.4.
IMPLICATIONS
OF
THIS
STUDY
.
218
8.5.
SUGGESTIONS
FOR
FURTHER
RESEARCH
.
219
8.6.
FINAL
REMARKS
.
224
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.
227
APPENDICES
APPENDIX
1.
GRAPHS
.
245
1.1.
REQUESTING
STRATEGIES
.
245
1.2.
RESPONDING
STRATEGIES
TO
OFF-RECORD
REQUESTS
.
255
APPENDIX
2.
QUESTIONNAIRES
IN
ENGLISH
.
263
2.1.
PILOT
STUDY
.
263
2.2.
SITUATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
(SA
96)
.
279
2.3.
MAIN
STUDY
.
302
14 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Fukushima, Saeko |
| author_facet | Fukushima, Saeko |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fukushima, Saeko |
| author_variant | s f sf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013386965 |
| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | P299 |
| callnumber-raw | P299.H66 |
| callnumber-search | P299.H66 |
| callnumber-sort | P 3299 H66 |
| callnumber-subject | P - Philology and Linguistics |
| classification_rvk | ES 146 HD 402 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)45388604 (DE-599)BVBBV013386965 |
| dewey-full | 495.6/5 415 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 495 - Languages of east and southeast Asia 415 - Grammar |
| dewey-raw | 495.6/5 415 |
| dewey-search | 495.6/5 415 |
| dewey-sort | 3495.6 15 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages 410 - Linguistics |
| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Anglistik / Amerikanistik Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 gnd Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Japan Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV013386965 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-22T17:15:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 390676530X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009132127 |
| oclc_num | 45388604 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-384 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-384 DE-11 |
| physical | 315 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Lang |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Fukushima, Saeko Verfasser aut Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese Saeko Fukushima Bern [u.a.] Lang 2000 315 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Englisch Grammatik English language Honorific Grammar, Comparative and general Honorific Japanese language Honorific Language and culture Speech acts (Linguistics) Höflichkeit (DE-588)4160349-7 gnd rswk-swf Kommunikationsverhalten (DE-588)4164814-6 gnd rswk-swf Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Höflichkeit (DE-588)4160349-7 s Kommunikationsverhalten (DE-588)4164814-6 s Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 g DE-604 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009132127&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fukushima, Saeko Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese Englisch Grammatik English language Honorific Grammar, Comparative and general Honorific Japanese language Honorific Language and culture Speech acts (Linguistics) Höflichkeit (DE-588)4160349-7 gnd Kommunikationsverhalten (DE-588)4164814-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4160349-7 (DE-588)4164814-6 (DE-588)4028495-5 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese |
| title_auth | Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese |
| title_exact_search | Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese |
| title_full | Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese Saeko Fukushima |
| title_fullStr | Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese Saeko Fukushima |
| title_full_unstemmed | Requests and culture politeness in British English and Japanese Saeko Fukushima |
| title_short | Requests and culture |
| title_sort | requests and culture politeness in british english and japanese |
| title_sub | politeness in British English and Japanese |
| topic | Englisch Grammatik English language Honorific Grammar, Comparative and general Honorific Japanese language Honorific Language and culture Speech acts (Linguistics) Höflichkeit (DE-588)4160349-7 gnd Kommunikationsverhalten (DE-588)4164814-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Englisch Grammatik English language Honorific Grammar, Comparative and general Honorific Japanese language Honorific Language and culture Speech acts (Linguistics) Höflichkeit Kommunikationsverhalten Japan Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009132127&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fukushimasaeko requestsandculturepolitenessinbritishenglishandjapanese |