Modern crystallography: 2 Structure of crystals
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2000
|
| Ausgabe: | 3., rev. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 520 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 3540674748 |
Internformat
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| 130 | 0 | |a Sovremennaja kristallografija | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Modern crystallography |n 2 |p Structure of crystals |c [ed. board: B. K. Vainshtein (ed.-in-chief) ...] |
| 250 | |a 3., rev. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 520 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 7 | |a Structure cristalline (solides) |2 ram | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Vajnštejn, Boris Konstantinovič |d 1921-1996 |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1051479746 |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vajnštejn, Boris Konstantinovič |d 1921-1996 |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1051479746 |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fridkin, Vladimir M. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Černov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovič |d 1931- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1024293769 |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Indenbom, Vladimir L. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128102614302720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1. PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS . . . . .
1 1.1 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 1
1.1.1 A CRYSTAL AS AN ASSEMBLY OF ATOMS . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.3 MULTIELECTRON ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC SYSTEM . . . . . . 7
1.2 CHEMICAL BONDING BETWEEN ATOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2.1 TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2.2 IONIC BOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.2.3 COVALENT BOND. VALENCE-BOND METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.2.4 HYBRIDIZATION. CONJUGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.2.5 MOLECULAR-ORBITAL (MO) METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.2.6 COVALENT BOND IN CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.2.7 ELECTRON DENSITY IN A COVALENT BOND . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.2.8 METALLIC BOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1.2.9 WEAK (VAN DER WAALS) BONDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1.2.10 HYDROGEN BONDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1.2.11 MAGNETIC ORDERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.3 ENERGY OF THE CRYSTAL LATTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 59
1.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE CRYSTAL ENERGY . . . . 59 1.3.2
CALCULATION OF THE POTENTIAL ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
1.3.3 ORGANIC STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
1.4 CRYSTALLOCHEMICAL RADII SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
1.4.1 INTERATOMIC DISTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1.4.2 ATOMIC RADII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1.4.3 IONIC RADII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
1.4.4 THE SYSTEM OF ATOMIC-IONIC RADII OF A STRONG BOND . . 80 1.4.5
SYSTEM OF INTERMOLECULAR RADII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1.4.6 WEAK- AND STRONG-BOND RADII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
1.5 GEOMETRIC REGULARITIES IN THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS . . . 87
1.5.1 THE PHYSICAL AND THE GEOMETRIC MODEL OF A CRYSTAL . . . 87 1.5.2
STRUCTURAL UNITS OF A CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
1.5.3 MAXIMUM-FILLING PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
1.5.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SYMMETRY OF STRUCTURAL UNITS AND CRYSTAL
SYMMETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
1.5.5 STATISTICS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF SPACE GROUPS . . . . . . . 94
IMAGE 2
XVI CONTENTS
1.5.6 COORDINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
1.5.7 CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO THE DIMENSIONALITY OF
STRUCTURAL GROUPINGS . . . . . . . . . . 96
1.5.8 COORDINATION STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
1.5.9 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COORDINATION AND ATOMIC SIZES . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
1.5.10 CLOSEST PACKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
1.5.11 STRUCTURES OF COMPOUNDS BASED ON CLOSE PACKING OF SPHERES . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
1.5.12 INSULAR, CHAIN AND LAYER STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
1.6 SOLID SOLUTIONS AND ISOMORPHISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
1.6.1 ISOSTRUCTURAL CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
1.6.2 ISOMORPHISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
1.6.3 SUBSTITUTIONAL SOLID SOLUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
1.6.4 INTERSTITIAL SOLID SOLUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116
1.6.5 MODULATED AND INCOMMENSURATE STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . 120
1.6.6 COMPOSITE ULTRASTRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
2. PRINCIPAL TYPES OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 124
2.1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124
2.1.1 PRINCIPAL TYPES OF STRUCTURES OF ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . 124
2.1.2 CYSTALLOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . 132
2.2 INTERMETALLIC STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 134
2.2.1 SOLID SOLUTIONS AND THEIR ORDERING . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
2.2.2 ELECTRON COMPOUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
2.2.3 INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
2.3 STRUCTURES WITH BONDS OF IONIC NATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
2.3.1 STRUCTURES OF HALIDES, OXIDES, AND SALTS . . . . . . . . . . 140
2.3.2 SILICATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
144
2.3.3 SUPERIONIC CONDUCTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
2.4 COVALENT STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 155
2.5 STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX AND RELATED COMPOUNDS . . . . . . . . . . 161
2.5.1 COMPLEX COMPOUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
2.5.2 COMPOUNDS WITH METAL ATOM CLUSTERS . . . . . . . . . . 165
2.5.3 METAL-MOLECULAR BONDS ( * COMPLEXES OF TRANSITION METALS) . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
2.5.4 COMPOUNDS OF INERT ELEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
2.6 PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
169
2.6.1 THE STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
2.6.2 SYMMETRY OF MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
2.6.3 PACKING OF MOLECULES IN A CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
2.6.4 CRYSTALS WITH HYDROGEN BONDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
2.6.5 CLATHRATE AND MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
2.7 STRUCTURE OF HIGH-POLYMER SUBSTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187
2.7.1 NONCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORDERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS XVII
2.7.2 STRUCTURE OF CHAIN MOLECULES OF HIGH POLYMERS . . . . . 187 2.7.3
STRUCTURE OF A POLYMER SUBSTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
2.7.4 POLYMER CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
2.7.5 DISORDERING IN POLYMER STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
2.8 STRUCTURE OF LIQUID CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
200
2.8.1 MOLECULE PACKING IN LIQUID CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . 200
2.8.2 TYPES OF LIQUID-CRYSTAL ORDERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
2.9 STRUCTURES OF SUBSTANCES OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN . . . . . . . . . . .
210
2.9.1 TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
2.9.2 PRINCIPLES OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
2.9.3 FIBROUS PROTEINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
2.9.4 GLOBULAR PROTEINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
2.9.5 STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
2.9.6 STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
3. BAND ENERGY STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 271
3.1 ELECTRON MOTION IN THE IDEAL CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
271
3.1.1 SCHR¨ ODINGER EQUATION AND BORN-KARMAN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
3.1.2 ENERGY SPECTRUM OF AN ELECTRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
3.2 BRILLOUIN ZONES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 278
3.2.1 ENERGY SPECTRUM OF AN ELECTRON IN THE WEAK-BOND APPROXIMATION . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
3.2.2 FACES OF BRILLOUIN ZONES AND THE LAUE CONDITION . . . . 281 3.2.3
BAND BOUNDARIES AND THE STRUCTURE FACTOR . . . . . . . . 283
3.3 ISOENERGETIC SURFACES. FERMI SURFACE AND BAND STRUCTURE . . . . 284
3.3.1 ENERGY SPECTRUM OF AN ELECTRON IN THE STRONG-BOND APPROXIMATION .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
3.3.2 FERMI SURFACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
4. LATTICE DYNAMICS AND PHASE TRANSITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 289
4.1 ATOMIC VIBRATIONS IN A CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
289
4.1.1 VIBRATIONS OF A LINEAR ATOMIC CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . 289
4.1.2 VIBRATION BRANCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
4.1.3 PHONONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
292
4.2 HEAT CAPACITY, THERMAL EXPANSION, AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF
CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
4.2.1 HEAT CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
4.2.2 LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
4.2.3 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
4.3 POLYMORPHISM. PHASE TRANSITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
296
4.3.1 PHASE TRANSITIONS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND ORDER . . . . . 298
4.3.2 PHASE TRANSITIONS AND THE STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
IMAGE 4
XVIII CONTENTS
4.4 ATOMIC VIBRATIONS AND POLYMORPHOUS TRANSITIONS . . . . . . . . . 302
4.5 ORDERING-TYPE PHASE TRANSITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
306
4.6 PHASE TRANSITIONS AND ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION . . . . . . . 309
4.6.1 CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONS TO THE FREE ENERGY OF THE CRYSTAL . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
4.6.2 INTERBAND ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION . . . . . . . . . . . 310
4.6.3 PHOTOSTIMULATED PHASE TRANSITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
4.6.4 CURIE TEMPERATURE AND THE ENERGY GAP WIDTH . . . . . . 315
4.7 DEBYE S EQUATION OF STATE AND GR¨ UNEISEN S FORMULA . . . . . . .
316
4.8 PHASE TRANSITIONS AND CRYSTAL SYMMETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
4.8.1 SECOND-ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
4.8.2 DESCRIPTION OF SECOND-ORDER TRANSITIONS WITH AN ALLOWANCE FOR THE
SYMMETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
4.8.3 PHASE TRANSITIONS WITHOUT CHANGING THE NUMBER OF ATOMS IN THE UNIT
CELL OF A CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . 323
4.8.4 CHANGES IN CRYSTAL PROPERTIES ON PHASE TRANSITIONS . . . 326 4.8.5
PROPERTIES OF TWINS (DOMAINS) FORMING ON PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
4.8.6 STABILITY OF THE HOMOGENEOUS STATE OF THE LOW-SYMMETRY PHASE . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
5. THE STRUCTURE OF REAL CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 330
5.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CRYSTAL LATTICE DEFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 330
5.2 POINT DEFECTS OF THE CRYSTAL LATTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
331
5.2.1 VACANCIES AND INTERSTITIAL ATOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
5.2.2 ROLE OF IMPURITIES, ELECTRONS, AND HOLES . . . . . . . . . 337
5.2.3 EFFECT OF EXTERNAL INF LUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
5.3 DISLOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 341
5.3.1 BURGERS CIRCUIT AND VECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
5.3.2 ELASTIC FIELD OF STRAIGHT DISLOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
5.3.3 DISLOCATION REACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
5.3.4 POLYGONAL DISLOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
5.3.5 CURVED DISLOCATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
5.4 STACKING FAULTS AND PARTIAL DISLOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
357
5.5 CONTINUUM DESCRIPTION OF DISLOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
364
5.5.1 DISLOCATION-DENSITY TENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
5.5.2 EXAMPLE: A DISLOCATION ROW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
5.5.3 SCALAR DISLOCATION DENSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
5.6 SUBGRAIN BOUNDARIES (MOSAIC STRUCTURES) IN CRYSTALS . . . . . . .
367 5.6.1 EXAMPLES OF SUBGRAIN BOUNDARIES: A TILT BOUNDARY AND A TWIST
BOUNDARY . . . . . . . . . . 367
5.6.2 THE DISLOCATION STRUCTURE OF THE SUBGRAIN BOUNDRY IN GENERAL . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
5.6.3 SUBGRAIN BOUNDARY ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
5.6.4 INCOHERENT BOUNDARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS XIX
5.7 TWINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 375
5.7.1 TWINNING OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
5.7.2 TWINNING WITH A CHANGE IN CRYSTAL SHAPE . . . . . . . . 378
5.7.3 TWINNING WITHOUT A CHANGE IN SHAPE . . . . . . . . . . . 382
5.8 DIRECT OBSERVATION OF LATTICE DEFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
384
5.8.1 IONIC MICROSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
5.8.2 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
5.8.3 X-RAY TOPOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
5.8.4 PHOTOELASTICITY METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
5.8.5 SELECTIVE ETCHING METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
5.8.6 INVESTIGATION OF THE CRYSTAL SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
6. ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 400
6.1 DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURE ANALYSIS. DATA BANKS . . . . . . . . . 400
6.2 FULLERENES AND FULLERIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 402
6.2.1 FULLERENES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
402
6.2.2 C 60 CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
405
6.3 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF SILICATES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS . . . . . 404
6.3.1 MAIN FEATURES OF THE SILICATE STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . 404
6.3.2 INSULAR ANIONIC TETRAHEDRON COMPLEXES IN SILICATES . . . 410 6.3.3
ANIONIC TETRAHEDRON COMPLEXES IN THE FORM OF RINGS AND CHAINS . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
6.3.4 FRAMEWORK SILICATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
6.3.5 THEORETICAL METHODS FOR THE CALCULATION OF SILICATE STRUCTURES . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
6.4 STRUCTURE OF SUPERCONDUCTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
416
6.4.1 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
6.4.2 HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS (HTSCS) . . . . . . . 419 6.4.3
STRUCTURE OF MECUO 4 HIGH-T C SUPERCONDUCTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 421
6.4.4 ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF Y-BA-CU PHASES . . . . . . . . . . . 422
6.4.5 ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF TL-PHASES OF HIGH-T C SUPERCONDUCTORS . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
6.4.6 SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF HTSCS . . . . . . . 428
6.5 MODULAR STRUCTURES, BLOCKS, AND FRAGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . .
429
6.5.1 THE NOTION OF MODULAR STRUCTURES (MS) . . . . . . . . . 429
6.5.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODULAR STRUCTURES . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
6.5.3 SYMBOLIC NOTATIONS OF MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
6.5.4 STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONS FOR MS . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
6.6 X-RAY ANALYSIS FOR STUDYING CHEMICAL BONDING . . . . . . . . . 435
6.7 ORGANIC CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
442
6.7.1 ORGANIC STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
6.7.2 LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
6.7.3 SECONDARY BONDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
IMAGE 6
XX CONTENTS
6.8 STRUCTURE INVESTIGATION OF BIOMOLECULAR CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . .
447
6.8.1 PROGRESS IN THE METHODS OF X-RAY MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
6.8.2 INVESTIGATION OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE BY THE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC
RESONANCE (NMR) METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . 451
6.8.3 DYNAMICS OF PROTEIN MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
6.8.4 DATA ON THE STRUCTURE OF LARGE PROTEINS . . . . . . . . . . 457
6.8.5 X-RAY INVESTIGATION OF RIBOSOMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
6.8.6 VIRUS STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
6.9 ORDERING IN LIQUID CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 467
6.9.1 SMECTIC A POLYMORPHISM IN LIQUID CRYSTALS (LC) CONTAINING POLAR
MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
6.9.2 SMECTIC LAMELLAR CRYSTALLINE PHASES AND HEXATICS . . . . 470 6.9.3
FREELY SUSPENDED SMECTIC FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
6.9.4 CHOLESTERIC BLUE PHASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
6.9.5 OHTER LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PHASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
6.10 LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
475
6.10.1 PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
6.10.2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF LB FILMS . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
6.10.3 STRUCTURE OF LB FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
6.10.4 MULTICOMPONENT LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS. SUPERLATTICES . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
6.11 PHOTO- AND THERMOSTIMULATED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN FERROELECTRICS . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
6.11.1 PHOTOSTIMULATED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN FERROELECTRICS . . . . 485
6.11.2 THERMOSTIMULATED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN FERROELECTRICS . . . 490
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 493
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 509
SUBJECT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 515
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1051479746 (DE-588)1024293769 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013330712 |
| classification_rvk | UP 1100 UQ 1000 UQ 5000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)490557647 (DE-599)BVBBV013330712 |
| dewey-full | 548 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 548 - Crystallography |
| dewey-raw | 548 |
| dewey-search | 548 |
| dewey-sort | 3548 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik |
| edition | 3., rev. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV013330712 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:43:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540674748 |
| language | English Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009089519 |
| oclc_num | 490557647 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-384 DE-703 DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-703 DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 |
| physical | XX, 520 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sovremennaja kristallografija Modern crystallography 2 Structure of crystals [ed. board: B. K. Vainshtein (ed.-in-chief) ...] 3., rev. ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2000 XX, 520 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cristaux - Structure ram Structure cristalline (solides) ram Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 gnd rswk-swf Kristallstruktur (DE-588)4136176-3 gnd rswk-swf Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 gnd rswk-swf Kristall (DE-588)4033209-3 gnd rswk-swf Kristallsymmetrie (DE-588)4136175-1 gnd rswk-swf Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 s DE-604 Kristallstruktur (DE-588)4136176-3 s Kristallsymmetrie (DE-588)4136175-1 s Kristall (DE-588)4033209-3 s Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 s Vajnštejn, Boris Konstantinovič 1921-1996 Sonstige (DE-588)1051479746 oth Fridkin, Vladimir M. Sonstige oth Černov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovič 1931- Sonstige (DE-588)1024293769 oth Indenbom, Vladimir L. Sonstige oth (DE-604)BV000440907 2 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009089519&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Modern crystallography Cristaux - Structure ram Structure cristalline (solides) ram Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 gnd Kristallstruktur (DE-588)4136176-3 gnd Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 gnd Kristall (DE-588)4033209-3 gnd Kristallsymmetrie (DE-588)4136175-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033217-2 (DE-588)4136176-3 (DE-588)4134738-9 (DE-588)4033209-3 (DE-588)4136175-1 |
| title | Modern crystallography |
| title_alt | Sovremennaja kristallografija |
| title_auth | Modern crystallography |
| title_exact_search | Modern crystallography |
| title_full | Modern crystallography 2 Structure of crystals [ed. board: B. K. Vainshtein (ed.-in-chief) ...] |
| title_fullStr | Modern crystallography 2 Structure of crystals [ed. board: B. K. Vainshtein (ed.-in-chief) ...] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modern crystallography 2 Structure of crystals [ed. board: B. K. Vainshtein (ed.-in-chief) ...] |
| title_short | Modern crystallography |
| title_sort | modern crystallography structure of crystals |
| topic | Cristaux - Structure ram Structure cristalline (solides) ram Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 gnd Kristallstruktur (DE-588)4136176-3 gnd Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 gnd Kristall (DE-588)4033209-3 gnd Kristallsymmetrie (DE-588)4136175-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cristaux - Structure Structure cristalline (solides) Kristallographie Kristallstruktur Physikalische Eigenschaft Kristall Kristallsymmetrie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009089519&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000440907 |
| work_keys_str_mv | UT sovremennajakristallografija AT vajnstejnboriskonstantinovic moderncrystallography2 AT fridkinvladimirm moderncrystallography2 AT cernovaleksandraleksandrovic moderncrystallography2 AT indenbomvladimirl moderncrystallography2 |