Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology: [2] Statistical physics
Gespeichert in:
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|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
AIP-Press [u.a.]
2000
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Biological physics series
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 640 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0387987541 |
Internformat
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| 035 | |a (OCoLC)633493246 | ||
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| 084 | |a WD 2000 |0 (DE-625)148161: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Benedek, George B. |d 1928- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)122453964 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology |n [2] |p Statistical physics |c George B. Benedek ; Felix M. H. Villars |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b AIP-Press [u.a.] |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XXVII, 640 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Biological physics series | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Villars, Felix M. H. |d 1921-2002 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)114464061X |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |w (DE-604)BV013326724 |g 2 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009088376&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009088376 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
TO
THE
FIRST
EDITION
V
SERIES
PREFACE
VII
PREFACE
TO
THE
SECOND
EDITION
IX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FOR
THE
SECOND
EDITION
XI
PREFACE
TO
THE
FIRST
EDITION
XIII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FOR
THE
FIRST
EDITION
XVII
1
ELEMENTS
OF
THE
THEORY
OF
PROBABILITY:
THE
BINOMIAL
DISTRIBUTION:
APPLICATIONS
1
1.1
DEFINITION
OF
PROBABILITY.
THE
TWO
RULES.
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLES
.
.
1
1.2
BERNOULLI
TRIALS.
THE
BINOMIAL
DISTRIBUTION
.
13
1.3
MEAN
VALUES
AND
VARIANCE
.
.
24
1.4
ILLUSTRATIVE
APPLICATIONS
.
36
1.4.
A.
THE
SEX
DISTRIBUTION
OF
CHILDREN
.
36
I.4.B.
RANDOM
COILS:
THE
CONFORMATION
OF
CHAIN
POLYMERS
.
.
.
41
I.4.C.
THE
DISTRIBUTION
OF
ELECTRIC
CHARGES
ON
THE
HEMOGLOBIN
MOLECULE
.
57
APPENDIX
TO
SECTION
1.4.C:
PROBABILITIES
FOR
THE
STATE
OF
IONIZATION
OF
A
POLAR
RESIDUE
.
73
1.5
REFERENCES
AND
SUPPLEMENTARY
READING
.
75
1.6
PROBLEMS
.
76
2
DIFFUSION
AND
TRANSPORT
PROCESSES
91
2.1
MOLECULAR
MOVEMENT
AND
THE
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
GASES:
A
SHORT
SURVEY
.
91
2.1
.A.
IDEAL
GAS
LAW.
KELVIN
TEMPERATURE.
AVOGADRO
'
S
NUMBER
.
91
XX
CONTENTS
2.1.B,
MEAN
KINETIC
ENERGY
OF
A
MOLECULE.
THE
BOLTZMANN
CONSTANT
.
93
2.I.C.
THE
EQUIPARTITION
LAW.
SPECIFIC
HEATS
.
95
2.I.D.
RANDOM
MOTION
OF
A
GAS
MOLECULE,
ROOT
MEAN
SQUARE
VELOCITY,
MEAN
FREE
PATH,
AND
COLLISION
FREQUENCY
.
99
2.2
RANDOM
WALK
IN
ONE
AND
THREE
DIMENSIONS
.
104
2.2.
A.
THE
BERNOULLI
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
THE
PROBABILITY
P^(X)
OF
A
DISPLACEMENT
X
IN
N
STEPS
.
104
2.2.B.
THE
GAUSSIAN
FORM
OF
THE
BERNOULLI
DISTRIBUTION
.
107
2.2.C.
SPACE-TIME
EVOLUTION
OF
THE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION.
THE
DIFFUSION
CONSTANT.
THE
MEAN
SQUARE
DISPLACEMENT
AS
A
FUNCTION
OF
TIME
.
110
2.2.D.
PROBABILITY
OF
DISPLACEMENTS
FOR
THE
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
RANDOM
WALK.
NUMERICAL
VALUES
FOR
DIFFUSION
CONSTANTS.
SOME
ELEMENTARY
APPLICATIONS
.
116
2.2.E.
ELEMENTARY
APPLICATION:
THE
TRANSFER
OF
OXYGEN
AND
CARBON
DIOXIDE
IN
THE
HUMAN
LUNG
.
124
2.3
THE
DIFFUSION
EQUATION
.
126
2.3.
A.
THE
SPACE-TIME
EVOLUTION
OF
PARTICLE
DISTRIBUTION.
INTEGRAL
REPRESENTATIONS
FOR
CONCENTRATION
C(X,
T)
.
126
2.3.B.
APPLICATION
OF
THE
INTEGRAL
REPRESENTATION
FOR
C(X,
T).
THE
EXPERIMENT
OF
LAM
AND
POLSON.
DETERMINATION
OF
DIFFUSION
CONSTANT
D
.
130
2.3.C.
THE
DIFFUSION
EQUATION
FOR
C(X,
T)
.
136
2.3.D.
AN
APPLICATION:
SMOOTHING
OUT
OF
SINUSOIDAL
VARIATIONS
IN
CONCENTRATION
.
139
2.4
PARTICLE
CONSERVATION,
PARTICLE
CURRENT,
AND
FICK
'
S
LAW
.
142
2.4.A.
PARTICLE
CONSERVATION,
CURRENT,
AND
THE
CONTINUITY
EQUATION
.
142
2.4.B.
THE
RELATION
BETWEEN
CURRENT
AND
A
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT.
FICK
'
S
LAW
.
147
2.4.C.
FLOW
AND
DIFFUSION
ACROSS
POROUS
MEMBRANES
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
EITHER
A
CONCENTRATION
DIFFERENCE
AC
OR
A
PRESSURE
DIFFERENCE
A
P
.
151
(I)
VOLUME
FLOW
ACROSS
A
POROUS
MEMBRANE
UNDER
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
A
PRESSURE
GRADIENT.
THE
HYDRAULIC
PERMEABILITY
L
P
.
152
_
CONTENTS
XXI
(II)
SOLUTE
FLOW
ACROSS
A
POROUS
MEMBRANE
DUE
TO
A
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT.
THE
MEMBRANE
PERMEABILITY
P
.
154
(III)
NUMERICAL
VALUES
FOR
THE
FILTRATION
COEFFICIENT
L
P
AND
PERMEABILITY
P.
THEORY
AND
EXPERIMENT
COMPARED.
THE
HINDRANCE
FACTOR
.
155
(IV)
MOLECULAR
SIEVING
BY
MEMBRANES.
THE
REFLECTION
COEFFICIENT
ER.
INTRODUCTION
TO
THE
RELATION
BETWEEN
SOLUTE
FLOW
J
S
,
VOLUME
FLOW
J
V
,
AND
THE
CONCENTRATION
AND
PRESSURE
DIFFERENCES
AC
AND
AP
ACROSS
THE
MEMBRANE
.
163
(V)
EQUALIZATION
TIME
FOR
THE
CONCENTRATION
DIFFERENCE
ACROSS
A
MEMBRANE,
A
TWO-COMPARTMENT
PROBLEM
166
2.4.D.
HEMODIALYSIS.
THE
ARTIFICIAL
KIDNEY
.
171
(I)
PHYSIOLOGICAL
ROLE
OF
THE
KIDNEY
.
171
(II)
DESCRIPTION
AND
FUNCTION
OF
THE
ARTIFICIAL
KIDNEY
.
176
2.5
FLOW
AND
DIFFUSION
OF
PARTICLES
UNDER
THE
ACTION
OF
EXTERNAL
FORCES
AND
COLLISIONS
WITH
SOLVENT
MOLECULES
.
179
2.5.A.
FLOW,
COLLISIONS,
AND
MOMENTUM
TRANSFER
IN
A
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT
.
180
2.5.B.
PARTICLE
CURRENT
AND
THE
DIFFUSION
EQUATION
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
A
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT
AND
EXTERNALLY
APPLIED
FORCES.
DRIFT
VELOCITY
.
189
2.5.
C.
MOBILITY
AND
THE
STOKES-EINSTEIN
RELATION
.
194
2.5.D.
SEDIMENTATION
EQUILIBRIUM:
SCALE
HEIGHTS
AND
THE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHTS
OF
MACROMOLECULES.
PERRIN
'
S
EXPERIMENTAL
MEASUREMENT
OF
AVOGADRO
'
S
NUMBER
.
197
2.5.
E.
ULTRACENTRIFUGATION
.
201
(I)
DESIGN
AND
PERFORMANCE
OF
THE
ULTRACENTRIFUGE
.
.
.
202
(II)
THE
SEDIMENTATION
COEFFICIENT
S.
DETERMINATION
OF
MOLECULAR
WEIGHTS
.
205
(III)
DETERMINATION
OF
MOLECULAR
WEIGHTS
FROM
SEDIMENTATION
EQUILIBRIUM:
SOME
DATA
.
208
2.6
FLOW
OF
SOLUTE
AND
SOLVENT
ACROSS
A
MEMBRANE
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
BOTH
PRESSURE
AND
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENTS
.
212
2.6.A.
HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE.
SEMIPERMEABLE
MEMBRANE.
OSMOTIC
PRESSURE.
VAN
T
'
HOFF
'
S
LAW.
VOLUME
FLOW
(
J
V
)
ACROSS
A
SEMIPERMEABLE
MEMBRANE
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
BOTH
AP
AND
AC
.
213
XX
II
CONTENTS
(I)
HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE
.
213
(II)
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
DESCRIPTION
OF
OSMOTIC
PRESSURE
AND
VOLUME
FLOW
ACROSS
A
SEMIPERMEABLE
MEMBRANE.
VAN
T
'
HOFF
'
S
LAW
.
216
(III)
PHYSICAL
ORIGIN
AND
THE
THEORY
FOR
THE
OSMOTIC
PRESSURE.
DERIVATION
OF
VAN
T
'
HOFF
'
S
LAW.
POISSEUILLE
FLOW
AND
THE
FLOW
OF
SOLVENT
THROUGH
A
SEMIPERMEABLE
MEMBRANE
UNDER
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
BOTH
PRESSURE
AND
CONCENTRATION
DIFFERENCES
.
.
220
2.6.B.
COUPLED
FLOW
OF
SOLUTE
AND
SOLVENT
ACROSS
A
MEMBRANE
SUBJECT
TO
BOTH
A
HYDROSTATIC
AND
AN
OSMOTIC
PRESSURE
DIFFERENCE.
THE
THREE
MEMBRANE
PARAMETERS
.
229
(I)
VOLUME
FLOW
THROUGH
A
PERMEABLE,
POROUS
MEMBRANE
DUE
TO
A
PRESSURE
AND
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT
.
229
(II)
SOLUTE
FLOW
THROUGH
A
PERMEABLE
MEMBRANE
DUE
TO
SOLVENT
DRAG
AND
DIFFUSION
.
232
(III)
THE
SYMMETRICAL
FORM
OF
THE
COUPLED
FLOW
RELATIONS
.
235
(IV)
MEASUREMENTS
OF
MEMBRANE
PARAMETERS
ON
SYNTHETIC
MEMBRANES.
DATA
ON
L
P
,
A,
P
.
237
2.6.C.
TRANSPORT
OF
WATER
AND
SOLUTE
ACROSS
BIOLOGICAL
MEMBRANES
.
241
(I)
THE
PERMEABILITY
AND
FILTRATION
COEFFICIENT
OF
RED
BLOOD
CELLS
.
242
(II)
THE
PERMEABILITY
AND
FILTRATION
COEFFICIENT
OF
CAPILLARY
WALLS
.
244
2.
AL
DERIVATION
OF
THE
RELATION
(2-6):
TOTAL
KINETIC
ENERGY
=
V
.
.
250
2.A2
PROOF
OF
THE
EQUIPARTITION
LAW
FOR
A
"
TEST
PARTICLE
"
OF
MASS
M
IN
A
GAS
AT
TEMPERATURE
T
.
252
2.A3
GAUSSIAN
INTEGRALS
.
256
2.7
REFERENCES
AND
SUPPLEMENTARY
READING
.
259
2.8
PROBLEMS
.
262
3
POISSON
STATISTICS
287
3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
287
3.2
DERIVATION
OF
THE
POISSON
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
.
288
3.2.
A.
THE
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
AND
THE
SAMPLING
OF
PARTICLES
FROM
A
SOLUTION
.
288
CONTENTS
XXLII
3.2.B.
THE
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
AND
RADIOACTIVE
DECAY
.
291
3.2.C.
THE
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
AND
THE
PHOTOELECTRIC
EFFECT
.
.
.
292
3.3
PROPERTIES
OF
THE
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
.
299
3.3.
A.
NORMALIZATION
AND
AVERAGE
VALUE
OF
THE
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
.
299
3.3.B.
FLUCTUATIONS
OF
N
AROUND
THE
AVERAGE:
ACCURATE
MEASUREMENT
OF
THE
AVERAGE
NUMBER
OF
EVENTS
.
300
3.3.C.
GRAPHS
OF
P(N,
N
X
)
.
303
3.3.D.
THE
FORM
OF
THE
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
LARGE
N
T
:
THE
NORMAL,
OR
GAUSSIAN
DISTRIBUTION
.
305
3.4
POISSON
STATISTICS
AND
THE
DETECTION
OF
LIGHT
BY
THE
EYE
.
307
3.4.
A.
THE
DETECTION
OF
LIGHT
AT
THE
THRESHOLD
OF
VISION
.
308
(I)
ANATOMICAL
AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
FOR
MAXIMUM
SENSITIVITY
.
309
(II)
THE
FREQUENCY-OF-SEEING
CURVE
.
311
(III)
THEORY
FOR
THE
SHAPE
OF
THE
FREQUENCY-OF-SEEING
CURVE
.
313
3.4.B.
"
SEEING
"
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
BACKGROUND
LIGHT.
VISUAL
CONTRAST
THRESHOLDS
AND
THE
DETECTION
OF
SIGNALS
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
NOISE
.
316
(I)
EXPERIMENTAL
MEASUREMENT
OF
THE
VISUAL
CONTRAST
THRESHOLD
.
317
(II)
THE
NOISE
THEORY
OF
THE
VISUAL
CONTRAST
THRESHOLD
CURVE:
FOR
SHORT-TIME,
SMALL-AREA
TEST
SOURCES
320
(III)
VISUAL
CONTRAST
THRESHOLDS
FOR
LONG-TIME,
LARGE-AREA
TEST
SOURCES
.
328
3.4.C.
PHOTOTRANSDUCTION
.
330
3.5
THE
LURIA-DELBRIICK
EXPERIMENT:
MUTATION
AS
THE
SOURCE
OF
BACTERIAL
IMMUNITY
TO
VIRUS
ATTACK
.
332
3.5.A.
INTRODUCTION
.
332
3.5.B.
THEORY
OF
THE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
PHAGE
RESISTANT
BACTERIA
UNDER
THE
HYPOTHESIS
OF
MUTATION
.
336
(I)
GROWTH
OF
BACTERIAL
POPULATION.
DIVISION
TIME
.
.
.
336
(II)
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
CLONES
OF
RESISTANT
BACTERIA
.
338
(III)
THE
MEAN
VALUE
AND
VARIANCE
OF
THE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
THE
NUMBER
OF
RESISTANT
BACTERIA
340
XX
IV
CONTENTS
3.5.C.
THE
EXPERIMENTAL
DATA
OF
LURIA
AND
DELBRIICK.
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
THEORY
AND
EXPERIMENT.
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
BACTERIAL
MUTATION
RATE
.
347
3.6
REFERENCES
AND
SUPPLEMENTARY
READING
.
350
3.7
PROBLEMS
.
352
4
THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM.
THE
BOLTZMANN
FACTOR.
ENTROPY
AND
FREE
ENERGY.
THE
SECOND
LAW
OF
THERMODYNAMICS.
APPLICATION
TO
PHYSICS,
CHEMISTRY,
AND
BIOLOGY
361
4.1
THE
STATISTICAL
NATURE
OF
THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM
.
361
4.
L.A.
INTRODUCTION:
THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM
IN
GASES,
SOLIDS
AND
FLUIDS.
EQUILIBRIUM
BETWEEN
PHASES.
CHEMICAL
REACTION
EQUILIBRIUM.
STATISTICAL
PHYSICS
VERSUS
THERMODYNAMICS
.
361
4.LB.
ELEMENTS
OF
QUANTUM
PHYSICS
.
368
(I)
ENERGY
STATES
IN
ATOMS,
MOLECULES,
MACROMOLECULES,
AND
SOLIDS
.
368
(II)
QUANTUM
STATES.
STABILITY
OF
ATOMS
AND
MOLECULES
373
(III)
FREE
PARTICLES.
DE
BROGLIE
WAVELENGTH
AND
UNCERTAINTY
RELATIONS
.
374
(IV)
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
QUANTIZATION
FOR
STATISTICAL
PHYSICS.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
DETAILED
BALANCE
.
377
4.2
THE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
OF
ENERGY.
THE
BOLTZMANN
FACTOR
.
.
379
4.2.A.
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
THE
ENERGY
OF
VIBRATING
ATOMS
IN
A
CRYSTALLINE
SOLID
.
381
(I)
THE
EINSTEIN
CRYSTAL
AS
A
MODEL
.
381
(II)
DEFINITION
OF
THE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
P(N)
FOR
THE
ENERGY
S
N
OF
AN
ATOM
IN
THE
CRYSTAL
.
382
(III)
MICROSTATES
AND
MACROSTATES
OF
THE
EINSTEIN
CRYSTAL.
WEIGHT
OF
A
MACROSTATE
.
383
(IV)
NUMERICAL
EXAMPLE
FOR
A
VERY
SMALL
CRYSTAL
.
387
(V)
FINDING
THE
MOST
PROBABLE
MACROSTATE
.
391
(VI)
THE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
P(N)
FOR
THE
ENERGIES
OF
ATOMS
IN
THE
EINSTEIN
CRYSTAL.
THE
BOLTZMANN
FACTOR
.
397
(VII)
PHYSICAL
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
BOLTZMANN
FACTOR
.
.
402
4.2.B.
ENERGY
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
THE
ATOMS
OF
AN
IDEAL
MONOATOMIC
GAS
.
406
(I)
PHASE
SPACE
AND
PHASE-SPACE
TRAJECTORIES
OF
PARTICLES
.
408
CONTENTS
XXV
(II)
THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM
AS
A
STATIONARY
POPULATION
IN
PHASE
SPACE
.
410
(III)
THE
COUNTING
OF
POPULATION
PATTERNS.
THE
ROLE
OF
PLANCK
'
S
CONSTANT
H.
ALL
MICROSTATES
ARE
EQUALLY
PROBABLE
.
410
(IV)
THE
EQUILIBRIUM
POPULATION
DENSITY
IN
PHASE
SPACE.
MACROCELLS
AND
MACROSTATES
.
413
(V)
THE
WEIGHT
W
OF
A
MACROSTATE
.
415
(VI)
FINDING
THE
MOST
PROBABLE
MACROSTATE
.
417
(VII)
THE
BOLTZMANN
FACTOR
AND
TEMPERATURE
.
425
(VIII)
THE
BAROMETRIC
FORMULA
.
428
(IX)
THE
MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN
DISTRIBUTION
FUNCTION
OF
VELOCITIES
.
430
4.2.C.
THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM
BETWEEN
SOLID
AND
GAS.
VAPOR
PRESSURE
OF
A
SOLID
.
436
(I)
GAS
AND
SOLID
IN
THERMAL
CONTACT.
DEMONSTRATION
THAT
/J
=
\/KT
AT
ALL
TEMPERATURES
.
437
(II)
THE
VAPOR
PRESSURE
OF
A
CRYSTALLINE
SOLID
.
440
4.3
MACROSCOPIC
STATEMENT
OF
EQUILIBRIUM
CONDITIONS.
ENTROPY
AND
THE
SECOND
LAW
OF
THERMODYNAMICS,
MINIMUM
PRINCIPLE
FOR
FREE
ENERGY.
CHEMICAL
POTENTIALS
.
454
4.3.
A.
INTRODUCTION.
SIMPLE
AND
COMPOSITE
SYSTEMS.
EQUATIONS
OF
STATE.
EQUILIBRIUM
IN
COMPOSITE
SYSTEMS
.
454
4.3.B.
ENTROPY
OF
A
SIMPLE
SYSTEM
AND
ITS
PROPERTIES.
THE
SECOND
LAW
OF
THERMODYNAMICS
.
459
(I)
THE
ENTROPY
OF
THE
EINSTEIN
CRYSTAL
.460
(II)
THE
ENTROPY
OF
THE
IDEAL
GAS
.
463
(III)
PHYSICAL
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
ENTROPY.
IDEAL
GAS
CASE
.
467
(IV)
ILLUSTRATIVE
CALCULATION
OF
THE
ENTROPY
DIFFERENCE
FOR
TWO
STATES
OF
THE
IDEAL
MONOATOMIC
GAS
.
471
(V)
A
NOTE
ON
THE
CHEMICAL
POTENTIAL
N
.
473
(VI)
GENERAL
STATEMENT
OF
THE
EQUILIBRIUM
CONDITIONS.
THE
SECOND
LAW
OF
THERMODYNAMICS
.
477
(VII)
SIMPLE
ILLUSTRATIVE
APPLICATIONS
OF
THE
ENTROPY
MAXIMUM
PRINCIPLE
.
479
4.3.C.
THE
FREE
ENERGY
MINIMUM
PRINCIPLES
.
491
(I)
A
SYSTEM
AT
CONSTANT
TEMPERATURE
AND
VOLUME.
THE
HELMHOLTZ
FREE
ENERGY
.
492
XXVI
CONTENTS
(II)
MATHEMATICAL
INTERLUDE:
MAXWELL
RELATIONS
AND
THEIR
USE
.
495
(III)
EQUILIBRIUM
AT
CONSTANT
PRESSURE
AND
TEMPERATURE.
THE
GIBBS
FREE
ENERGY
.
499
4.4
APPLICATIONS
OF
THE
EQUILIBRIUM
CONDITIONS
TO
PROBLEMS
IN
PHYSICS,
CHEMISTRY,
AND
BIOLOGY
.
504
4.4.A.
EQUILIBRIUM
BETWEEN
PHASES.
THE
CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON
EQUATION
.
504
4.4.B.
DILUTE
SOLUTIONS
OF
NONELECTROLYTES
.
511
(I)
THE
GIBBS
FREE
ENERGY
OF
A
DILUTE
SOLUTION.
THE
CONCEPT
OF
THE
IDEAL
SOLUTION
.
512
(II)
CONNECTION
BETWEEN
THE
GIBBS
FREE
ENERGY
AND
THE
CHEMICAL
POTENTIALS
OF
EACH
SPECIES
IN
A
MULTICOMPONENT
SOLUTION
.
516
(III)
EXPRESSIONS
FOR
THE
CHEMICAL
POTENTIALS
OF
SOLVENT,
AND
SOLUTES
IN
A
DILUTE,
IDEAL
SOLUTION
.
519
(IV)
RAOULT
'
S
LAW;
THE
LOWERING
OF
THE
SOLVENT
VAPOR
PRESSURE
BY
THE
PRESENCE
OF
SOLUTE.
ELEVATION
OF
BOILING
POINT
.
520
(V)
OSMOTIC
PRESSURE
REVISITED.
VAN
T
'
HOFF
'
S
LAW
.
.
.
525
(VI)
THE
SOLUBILITY
OF
GASES.
HENRY
'
S
LAW
.
528
4.4.C.
THE
BINDING
OF
LIGANDS
TO
MULTI-SUBUNIT
PROTEINS
.
530
(I)
THERMODYNAMIC
EQUILIBRIUM
AND
THE
BINDING
OF
LIGANDS
TO
DISTINCT
SITES
ON
MULTI-SUBUNIT
PROTEINS
.
530
(II)
THE
STRUCTURE
AND
FUNCTION
OF
THE
OXYGEN
BINDING
PROTEINS:
HEMOGLOBIN
AND
MYOGLOBIN
.
538
(III)
THE
THEORY
OF
OXYGEN
BINDING
TO
MYOGLOBIN
.
.
.
541
(IV)
THE
THEORY
OF
OXYGEN
BINDING
TO
HEMOGLOBIN
.
.
545
(V)
FURTHER
MODELS
AND
APPLICATIONS
OF
THE
THEORY
OF
LIGAND
BINDING
.
565
4.
AL
MULTINOMIAL
COEFFICIENTS:
WEIGHT
OF
A
MACROSTATE
FOR
THE
EINSTEIN
CRYSTAL
.
567
4.A2
OCCUPANCY
OF
MICROCELLS
BY
ATOMS
OF
AN
IDEAL
GAS
.
568
4.A3
THE
EQUIPARTITION
THEOREM
OF
CLASSICAL
STATISTICAL
MECHANICS
.
.
.
570
4.5
REFERENCES
AND
SUPPLEMENTARY
READING
.
576
4.6
PROBLEMS
.
578
CONTENTS
XXVLI
TABLE
OF
IMPORTANT
CONSTANTS
621
TABLE
OF
UNITS
AND
CONVERSION
FACTORS
623
4.6.A.
UNITS
OF
LENGTH
.
623
4.6.B.
UNITS
OF
AREA
AND
VOLUME
.
624
4.6.C.
UNITS
OF
FORCE
.
624
4.6.D.
UNITS
OF
PRESSURE
.
624
4.6.E.
UNITS
OF
ENERGY
.
625
INDEX
627 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Benedek, George B. 1928- Villars, Felix M. H. 1921-2002 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)122453964 (DE-588)114464061X |
| author_facet | Benedek, George B. 1928- Villars, Felix M. H. 1921-2002 |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Benedek, George B. 1928- |
| author_variant | g b b gb gbb f m h v fmh fmhv |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013326725 |
| classification_rvk | UC 100 UG 1000 WD 2000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)633493246 (DE-599)BVBBV013326725 |
| discipline | Physik Biologie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV013326725 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-15T13:00:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0387987541 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009088376 |
| oclc_num | 633493246 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-20 DE-1050 DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-20 DE-1050 DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-11 |
| physical | XXVII, 640 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | AIP-Press [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Biological physics series |
| spelling | Benedek, George B. 1928- Verfasser (DE-588)122453964 aut Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology [2] Statistical physics George B. Benedek ; Felix M. H. Villars 2. ed. New York AIP-Press [u.a.] 2000 XXVII, 640 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biological physics series Villars, Felix M. H. 1921-2002 Verfasser (DE-588)114464061X aut (DE-604)BV013326724 2 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009088376&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Benedek, George B. 1928- Villars, Felix M. H. 1921-2002 Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology |
| title | Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology |
| title_auth | Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology |
| title_exact_search | Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology |
| title_full | Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology [2] Statistical physics George B. Benedek ; Felix M. H. Villars |
| title_fullStr | Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology [2] Statistical physics George B. Benedek ; Felix M. H. Villars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology [2] Statistical physics George B. Benedek ; Felix M. H. Villars |
| title_short | Physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology |
| title_sort | physics with illustrative examples from medicine and biology statistical physics |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009088376&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV013326724 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT benedekgeorgeb physicswithillustrativeexamplesfrommedicineandbiology2 AT villarsfelixmh physicswithillustrativeexamplesfrommedicineandbiology2 |