Refractory engineering: materials - design - construction
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Essen
Vulkan-Verl.
1996
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Feuerfestbau |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 355 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 380273145X |
Internformat
MARC
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| 264 | 1 | |a Essen |b Vulkan-Verl. |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 355 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 500 | |a Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Feuerfestbau | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804128007645822976 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Refractory engineering
Autor:
Jahr: 1996
Refractory Engineering Materials - Design - Construction VULKAN-VERLAG ESSEN
Table of Contents VII Table of Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................... V 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 2. Materials in Refractory Engineering ..................................................................... 3 2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Shaped Dense Materials ............................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Refractory Bricks Based on Si0 2 -Al 2 0 3 System............................ 5 2.2.1.1 Silica Bricks ................................................................................... 6 2.2.1.2 Fireclay Bricks ............................................................................... 9 2.2.1.3 High-Alumina Bricks ...................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Basic Refractory Bricks.................................................................. 13 2.2.2.1 Magnesia Bricks ............................................................................ 14 2.2.2.2 Chrome-Magnesia and Magnesia-Chrome Bricks.......................... 15 2.2.2.3 Chromite Bricks ............................................................................. 16 2.2.2.4 Forsterite Bricks............................................................................. 17 2.2.2.5 Dolomite Bricks.............................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Refractory Bricks Based on Zr0 2 -Si0 2 System ............................. 18 2.2.4 Non-Oxidic Refractory Bricks......................................................... 19 2.2.4.1 Carbon Bricks ................................................................................ 20 2.2.4.2 Silicon Carbide
Bricks.................................................................... 20 2.2.5 Electrically Fusion Products........................................................... 21 2.2.5.1 Fusion Cast Products..................................................................... 22 2.2.5.2 Sink Fused Products...................................................................... 24 2.3 Shaped Heat-Insulating Materials ................................................................. 24 2.3.1 General.......................................................................................... 24 2.3.2 Insulating Refractory and Insulating Bricks .................................... 26 2.3.2.1 Insulating Refractory Bricks ........................................................... 32 2.3.2.2 Insulating Bricks............................................................................. 33 2.3.3 Plates and Shaped Parts ............................................................... 35 2.3.3.1 Vermiculite Plates and Shaped Parts............................................. 35 2.3.3.2 Calcium Silicate Plates and Shaped Parts..................................... 35 2.3.3.3 Plates and Shaped Parts out of Microporous Insulation Materials ........................................................................................ 37
VIII Table of Contents 2.4 Unshaped Refractory Materials (Monolithics)................................................ 38 2.4.1 General.......................................................................................... 38 2.4.2 Insulating Refractory and Refractory Castables............................. 39 2.4.2.1 Hydraulically Setting Refractory Castables .................................... 39 2.4.2.2 Chemically Setting Refractory Castables....................................... 40 2.4.2.3 Low-Cement Refractory Castables ................................................ 40 2.4.3 Plastic Mixes.................................................................................. 40 2.4.4 Ramming Mixes............................................................................. 40 2.4.5 Dry Mixes....................................................................................... 40 2.4.6 Hot Repair Mixes ............................ 40 2.4.7 Jointing Materials........................................................................... 40 2.4.7.1 Refractory Mortars......................................................................... 40 2.4.7.2 Refractory Mastics ......................................................................... 41 2.5 Ceramic Fiber Materials ................................................................................ 41 2.5.1 General.......................................................................................... 41 2.5.2 Manufacture................................................................................... 41 2.5.3 Forms of Delivery........................................................................... 41 2.5.4 Classification Temperature and Service Limits .............................. 43 2.6 Metals ....................................................................................................... 44 2.6.1
General.......................................................................................... 44 2.6.2 Definitions ...................................................................................... 44 2.6.3 Characteristic Behavior.................................................................. 45 2.6.3.1 Creep Strength Properties ............................................................. 45 2.6.3.2 Thermal Expansion ........................................................................ 45 2.6.3.3 Sigma Phase Embrittlement........................................................... 45 2.6.3.4 Oxidation ....................................................................................... 46 2.6.3.5 Behavior upon Contact with Contaminants .................................... 46 2.6.4 Selection Criteria and Application .................................................. 49 2.7 Surface Protection......................................................................................... 49 2.7.1 General................................................. 49 2.7.2 Protection of Metallic Surfaces ............... 49 2.7.3 Protection of Ceramic Surfaces ..................................................... 50 2.8 Other Materials.............................................................................................. 50 2.8.1 Wall Tiles and Sand-Lime Bricks ................................................... 50 2.8.2 Castables with Calcium-Silicate Cements...................................... 50 2.8.3 Fused Cast Basalt ......................................................................... 50 2.8.4 Expansion Joint and Burnout Materials.......................................... 51 2.8.5 Filler Materials ............................................................................... 52 2.8.6 Separation Layers.......................................................................... 52 2.8.7 Mixing Water for
Castables and Mortar.......................................... 53 2.8.7.1 General.......................................................................................... 53 2.8.7.2 Evaluation Criteria ......................................................................... 54 2.8.7.3 Water Hardness............................................................................. 54 2.8.7.4 Natural and Artificial Water.......................................................... 54 2.9 Transport, Packaging, Storage of Refractory Materials................................. 55 2.9.1 Transport ........................................................................... 55 2.9.2 Packaging...................................................................................... 55 2.9.3 Storage .......................................................................................... 58
Table of Contents IX 3. Design ....................................................................................................... 59 3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 59 3.2 Preparation.................................................................................................... 59 3.2.1 Recording of Operation Data ......................................................... 59 3.2.2 Selection Criteria for Refractory and Heat-Insulation Materials...... 60 3.2.3 Regulations and Conditions on Site ............................................... 61 3.3 Design with Shaped Dense Materials............................................................ 61 3.3.1 General.......................................................................................... 61 3.3.2 Standard Shapes ........................................................................... 61 3.3.3 Shaped Bricks................................................................................ 68 3.3.4 Anchorings..................................................................................... 70 3.3.5 Joints ............................................................................................. 71 3.3.6 Designation of Courses and Bonds................................................ 75 3.3.7 Design Examples........................................................................... 77 3.4 Design with Shaped Heat-Insulating Materials .............................................. 100 3.4.1 Standard Shapes ........................................................................... 100 3.4.2 Shaped Bricks................................................................................ 100 3.4.3 Anchoring....................................................................................... 100 3.4.4 Joints
............................................................................................. 103 3.4.5 Design Examples........................................................................... 104 3.5 Design with Unshaped (Monolithic) Refractory Materials .............................. 113 3.5.1 General.......................................................................................... 113 3.5.2 Anchoring....................................................................................... 113 3.5.3 Joints ............................................................................................. 119 3.5.4 Design Examples........................................................................... 120 3.5.5 Lining of Cylindrical Vessels .......................................................... 128 3.6 Design with Ceramic Fiber Materials............................................................. 129 3.6.1 Forms of Delivery........................................................................... 129 3.6.2 Anchoring....................................................................................... 130 3.6.3 Design and Application Examples.................................................. 131 3.7 Thermal Calculations..................................................................................... 138 3.7.1 General.......................................................................................... 138 3.7.2 Heat Transfer................................................................................. 139 3.7.2.1 Heat Conduction ............................................................................ 139 3.7.2.1.1 Heat Conduction in a Level and Single Layer Wall......................... 140 3.7.2.1.2 Heat Conduction in a Level and Multi-Layer Wall........................... 141 3.7.2.1.3 Heat Conduction In a Cylindrical Pipe Wall .................................... 142 3.7.2.2 Heat
Transfer (Transition).............................................................. 143 3.7.2.2.1 Heat Transfer (Transition) by Convection ...................................... 143 3.7.2.2.2 Heat Transfer (Transition) by Radiation ......................................... 144 3.7.2.3 Heat Flux (Flow) ............................................................................ 146 3.7.2.3.1 Heat Flux through a Level and Single Layer Wall........................... 146 3.7.2.3.2 Heat Flux through a Level and Multi-Layer Wall............................. 147 3.7.2.3.3 Heat Flux through a Multi-Layer, Cylindrical Pipe Wall .................. 149 3.7.3 Practical Information ...................................................................... 152 3.7.3.1 Definition........................................................................................ 152 3.7.3.1.1 Thermal Conductivity ..................................................................... 152
X Table of Contents 3.7.3.1.2 Radiation Coefficient...................................................................... 152 3.7.3.1.3 Heat Transfer Coefficient............................................................... 152 3.7.3.2 Heat Flux through Various Wall Designs........................................ 154 3.7.3.3 Heat Flux through Extremely Thin Walls........................................ 157 3.7.3.4 Heat Flux with Extremely Low Outside Wall Temperatures............ 157 3.7.3.5 Subsequent Heat Insulation in Existing Units................................. 157 3.7.3.5.1 Additional Heat Insulation on the Outside ...................................... 157 3.7.3.5.2 Additional Heat Insulation on the Inside ......................................... 157 3.7.4 Calculation Examples .................................................................... 159 3.7.4.1 Calculation Example without Computer Assistance ....................... 159 3.7.4.2 Calculation Example with Computer Assistance ............................ 163 3.8 Static Calculations of Load-Bearing Parts Taking the Temperature Influence into Consideration ......................................................................................... 164 3.8.1 General.......................................................................................... 164 3.8.2 Heating-Up Speed ......................................................................... 166 3.8.3 Layer (Course) Stress.................................................................... 171 3.8.4 Beams ........................................................................................... 174 3.8.5 Crowns and Arches........................................................................ 175 3.8.6 Domes ........................................................................................... 178 3.8.7 Shaft
Furnaces/Kilns...................................................................... 180 3.9 Expansion Calculations ................................................................................. 183 4. Working/Application.............................................................................................. 187 4.1 General ....................................................................................................... 187 4.2 Preparation for Working ................................................................................ 187 4.2.1 Documents and Data ..................................................................... 187 4.2.2 Working Record and Working Schedule ........................................ 188 4.2.3 Work Schedules for Personnel....................................................... 191 4.2.4 Equipment on Construction Site..................................................... 191 4.2.5 Schedule for Preparing Construction Site ...................................... 194 4.2.6 Start of Work on Construction Site................................................. 194 4.3 Shaped Dense and Heat-Insulating Materials ............................................... 195 4.3.1 General.......................................................................................... 195 4.3.2 Basic Guidelines for Refractory Brickwork ..................................... 196 4.3.3 Wall Brickwork ............................................................................... 197 4.3.4 Bottoms ......................................................................................... 197 4.3.4.1 General.......................................................................................... 197 4.3.4.2 Installation of Large-Shaped Bottom Bricks in Hearth-Type Furnaces........................................................................................ 199 4.3.4.3 Bottoms out of Carbon or Graphite
Bricks...................................... 199 4.3.4.4 Installation of Large-Shaped Bottom Bricks in Glassmaking Furnaces........................................................................................ 200 4.3.5 Suspended Roofs .......................................................................... 201 4.3.6 Piping............................................................................................. 202 4.3.7 Rotary Kilns ................................................................................... 202 4.3.7.1 General.......................................................................................... 202 4.3.7.2 Work Preparation........................................................................... 204 4.3.7.3 Breakout of the Lining .................................................................... 204
Table of Contents XI 4.3.7.4 General Instructions for the Preparation and Use .......................... 205 4.3.7.5 Jack Method .................................................................................. 208 4.3.7.6 Gluing Method ............................................................................... 209 4.3.7.7 Kiln Rig .......................................................................................... 210 4.3.8 Crowns and Arches........................................................................ 212 4.3.8.1 Installation of a Flat Crown Taking a Tier-Roasting Furnace as Example......................................................................................... 212 4.3.8.2 Other Crowns and Arches.............................................................. 213 4.4 Unshaped (Monolithic) Refractory Materials.................................................. 213 4.4.1 Supply and Storage ....................................................................... 213 4.4.1.1 Insulating Refractory and Refractory Castables............................. 213 4.4.1.2 Plastic and Ramming Mixes........................................................... 213 4.4.2 Mixing ............................................................................................ 213 4.4.2.1 Insulating Refractory and Refractory Castables............................. 213 4.4.2.2 Plastic and Ramming Mixes........................................................... 215 4.4.2.3 Summer and Winter Conditions ..................................................... 215 4.4.3 Working ......................................................................................... 217 4.4.3.1 Insulating Refractory and Refractory Castables............................. 217 4.4.3.2 Gunning ......................................................................................... 220 4.4.3.3 Plastic and Ramming
Mixes........................................................... 222 4.4.4 Removal of Templates/Molds......................................................... 225 4.4.4.1 Insulating Refractory and Refractory Castables............................. 225 4.4.4.2 Plastic and Ramming Mixes........................................................... 225 4.4.5 Subsequent Treatment/Finishing ................................................... 225 4.4.5.1 Insulating Refractory and Refractory Castables............................. 225 4.4.5.2 Plastic and Ramming Mixes........................................................... 225 4.4.6 Lining of Studded Pipe Walls ......................................................... 225 4.4.6.1 General.......................................................................................... 225 4.4.6.2 Lining by Hand and by Machine..................................................... 226 4.4.6.3 Subsequent Treatment/Finishing ................................................... 227 4.4.6.4 Repairs .......................................................................................... 227 4.4.7 Warm and Hot Gunning Repairs .................................................... 228 4.5 Ceramic Fiber Materials ................................................................................ 229 4.5.1 General.......................................................................................... 229 4.5.2 Veneering ...................................................................................... 229 4.5.3 Layer Design.................................................................................. 230 4.5.4 Fiber Modules................................................................................ 231 4.5.5 Gunning ......................................................................................... 231 4.5.6 Coatings
........................................................................................ 232 4.6 Metallic Materials .......................................................................................... 232 4.6.1 General.......................................................................................... 232 4.6.2 Arc Stud Welding ........................................................................... 232 4.6.2.1 Method........................................................................................... 232 4.6.2.2 Shape of the Studs ........................................................................ 233 4.6.2.3 Welding Positions .......................................................................... 233 4.6.2.4 Work Piece Thickness ................................................................... 233 4.6.2.5 Equipment...................................................................................... 233 4.6.2.6 Design of the Stud Weld Joints...................................................... 235
XII Table of Contents 4.6.2.7 Practical Information ...................................................................... 235 4.6.2.8 Check of the Stud Weld Joints....................................................... 236 4.7 Anchoring...................................................................................................... 239 5. Drying, Heating, Heating-Up and Cooling-Down................................................... 241 5.1 General ....................................................................................................... 241 5.2 Processes During Drying............................................................................... 241 5.2.1 General .......................................................................................... 241 5.2.2 Processes Viewed Separately ....................................................... 242 5.2.3 Drying Process as a Whole............................................................ 246 5.3 Recommendations ........................................................................................ 247 5.3.1 General.......................................................................................... 247 5.3.2 Refractory Castables ..................................................................... 247 5.3.3 Plastic Mixes.................................................................................. 248 5.3.4 Brickwork....................................................................................... 248 5.3.5 Mixed Lining................................................................................... 248 5.4 Temperature Measurement.......................................................................... 250 5.5 Practical Examples........................................................................................ 251 6. Hazardous Materials/Substances and Disposal ................................................... 259 6.1
Important Requirements in the Hazardous Material/Substances Regulations ................................................................................................... 259 6.2 Hazardous Material/Substance Groups......................................................... 260 6.2.1 Shaped and Unshaped (Monolithic) Refractory Materials .............. 260 6.2.2 Materials Containing Solvents........................................................ 261 6.2.3 Fiber Materials ............................................................................... 261 6.2.4 Breakout and Teardown Materials ................................................. 261 6.3 Safety Data Sheets ....................................................................................... 262 6.4 Company Directive........................................................................................ 265 6.5 Breakout and Disposal .................................................................................. 265 6.5.1 Breakout of Contaminated Materials.............................................. 265 6.5.2 Disposal ......................................................................................... 265 6.5.2.1 Disposal of Residual Construction Materials................................... 267 6.5.2.2 Disposal of Breakout and Teardown Materials................................ 268 6.6 Disposal of Leftover Packaging Materials...................................................... 268 7. Quality Assurance ................................................................................................ 271 7.1 Sampling and Inspection ............................................................................... 271 7.1.1 General .......................................................................................... 271 7.1.2 Terminology / Glossary .................................................................. 272 7.1.3 Sampling and Inspection of
Shaped Refractory Materials.............. 274 7.1.3.1 Inspection by Attributes or Good/Bad Inspection ........................... 275 7.1.3.2 Inspection by Variables.................................................................. 278 7.1.4 Sampling and Inspection of Unshaped (Monolithic) Refractory Materials ........................................................................................ 283
Table of Contents XIII Appendices A.1 Terminology/Glossary...................................................................................... 285 A.2 Standards, Regulations, Codes of Practice and Material Sheets ....................... 301 A.2.1 General .................................................................................................. 301 A.2.2 DIN Standards ....................................................................................... 301 A.2.3 ISO Standards ....................................................................................... 308 A.2.4 DIN-ISO Standards ................................................................................ 309 A.2.5 PRE Recommendations and Codes of Practice ..................................... 309 A.2.6 Iron and Steel Codes of Practice............................................................ 310 A.2.7 ASTM Standards.................................................................................... 310 A.2.8 ZH-1 Guidelines and Information Sheets Covering Accident Prevention.............................................................................................. 314 A.2.9 Others .................................................................................................... 317 A.3 Code Number Key for Unshaped (Monolithic) Refractory and Heat-Resistant Materials ............................................................................................................ 319 A.4 Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 329 A.5 Authors .............................................................................................................. 333 A.6 Index.................................................................................................................. 337
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| id | DE-604.BV013245734 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:42:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 380273145X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009027849 |
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| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | XIII, 355 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Vulkan-Verl. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction Essen Vulkan-Verl. 1996 XIII, 355 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Feuerfestbau Feuerfester Stoff (DE-588)4154265-4 gnd rswk-swf Bautechnik (DE-588)4004955-3 gnd rswk-swf Feuerfester Stoff (DE-588)4154265-4 s Bautechnik (DE-588)4004955-3 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009027849&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction Feuerfester Stoff (DE-588)4154265-4 gnd Bautechnik (DE-588)4004955-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4154265-4 (DE-588)4004955-3 |
| title | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction |
| title_auth | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction |
| title_exact_search | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction |
| title_full | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction |
| title_fullStr | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Refractory engineering materials - design - construction |
| title_short | Refractory engineering |
| title_sort | refractory engineering materials design construction |
| title_sub | materials - design - construction |
| topic | Feuerfester Stoff (DE-588)4154265-4 gnd Bautechnik (DE-588)4004955-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Feuerfester Stoff Bautechnik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009027849&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |