Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills: conservation and management
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Delhi
Indus Publ. Co.
1997
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 376 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 8173870667 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 264 | 1 | |a New Delhi |b Indus Publ. Co. |c 1997 | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008986367 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127889899126784 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Ecological Dynamics
WSC GJurney
University of Strathclyde
R M Nisbet
University of California, Santa Barbara
New York Oxford
Oxford University Press
Contents
Preface XI
PART I METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES
1 Ecological Modelling 1
1 1 Ecology 1
1 2 Models, mathematics, and ecological theory 2
1 3 Deterministic models 3
131 State variables 3
132 Modelling in discrete time 4
133 Modelling in continuous time 6
1 4 Balance equations 10
141 Balance equations for chemically inert materials 10
142 Balance equation for an open population 11
143 More complex balance equations 12
1 5 Formulating deterministic models 12
151A model of an open population 13
152A model of a closed population 13
153A model of toxicant in a lake 14
1 6 Deterministic models in a random world 14
161 Random environments and random processes 14
162 Stochastic models 15
163 Deterministic models 17
2 Dynamics 19
2 1 Dynamic equations 19
211 Analytic and numerical solutions 19
2 2 Simple dynamic patterns 20
221 Geometric growth 21
222 Oscillations 22
223 Attractors 24
2 3 Complex dynamics in a fish population model 27
2 4 Analysis of discrete-time models 31
241 Equilibrium and stability in the mussel model 31
242 Local stability analysis 32
2 5 Analysis of continuous-time models 35
251 The logistic model 36
252 Local stability analysis: One differential equation 37
vi Contents
253- The Lotka-Volterra model 38
254 Local stability anaJysis: Two differential equations 40
2 6 Non-autonomous dynamics 41
261 Geometric and exponential growth 42
262 Fluctuations around equilibrium 44
2 7 Sources and suggested further reading 46
2 8 Exercises and project 46
3 A Dynamicist s Toolbox 49
3 1 Dimensional analysis and scaling 50
311 Logistic model 50
312 Reducing equations to dimensionless form 52
313 Dynamical information from dimensional analysis 53
3 2 Analysis of dynamics near equilibrium 54
321 Local linearisation and the characteristic equation 54
322 Local stability 57
323 Local instability and the onset of oscillations 59
3 3 Discrete versus continuous models 61
331 Time is continuous 61
332 Logistic growth: A cautionary tale 61
333 Predator-prey interaction: A semi-empirical for-
mulation 64
3 4 Modelling age structure 66
341 Age-structure models in discrete time 66
342 Age-structure models in continuous time 67
3 5 Balance equations for spatially explicit models 69
351 Discrete time and space 69
352 Continuous time and space 71
3 6 Exercises and project 74
PART II INDIVIDUALS TO ECOSYSTEMS
4 Modelling Individuals 79
4 1 Survival and reproduction 79
411 Per-capita mortality rate 79
412 Age-independent mortality 80
413 Age-dependent mortality 81
414 Fecundity schedule and lifetime reproductive out-
put 83
4 2 Feeding and the functional response 85
421 The Holling disc equation 86
422 Reward-dependent searching 88
423 Two types of food 90
424 Consumer strategy 91
4 3 The energetics of growth and reproduction 93
431 Balancing income and costs 94
Contents vii
432 Growth in a constant environment 95
433 Exponential and von Bertalanffy growth 97
434 The interaction between reproduction and growth 99
4 4 Life history selection 103
4 5 Case studies 105
451 Growth and reproduction in an abyssal sea urchin 105
452 Pollution of the marine environment 110
4 6 Sources and suggested further reading 114
4 7 Exercises and projects 114
Single-species Populations 118
5 1 Geometric and exponential population growth 118
511 Discrete generations 118
512 Continuous reproduction 119
513 Variable environments, small populations, and ex-
tinction 121
5 2 Density dependence 123
521 Discrete generation models with density depen-
dence 125
522 Density dependence in continuous-time models 129
5 3 Evolutionary change 131
5 4 Case studies 132
541 Dynamics of a small bird population 132
542 Energy-limited growth of a waterflea population 135
543 The impact of a power plant on a coastal fishery 139
5 5 Sources and suggested further reading 145
5 6 Exercises and project 145
Interacting Populations 148
6 1 Discrete-time consumer-resource models 148
611 Plants and herbivores 148
612 Parasitoids and hosts 151
6 2 Predator-prey systems 154
621 The Lotka-Volterra model 155
622 Self-limiting prey 159
623 The paradox of enrichment 161
6 3 Competition 164
631 Competitive exclusion 164
632 Density dependence and competitive coexistence 166
633 Varying environments 167
6 4 Case studies 171
641 Stability and enrichment 171
642 Coexistence in a variable environment 175
6 5 Sources and suggested reading 179
6 6 Exercises and project 180
viii Contents
Ecosystems
7 1 Modelling ecosystems
711 The ecosystem paradigm
712 Formulating ecosystem models
7 2 Linear food-chains
721 Constant production: Linear functional response
722 Logistic primary production
723 Type II functional response
7 3 Material cycling
731 Linear trophic interactions
732 Type II trophic interactions
7 4 Ecosystem dynamics
7 5 Case study: A fjord ecosystem
751 Background
752 The model
753 Parameters and driving functions
754 Testing the model
755 Sea-loch dynamics
7 6 Sources and suggested further reading
7 7 Exercises and project
PART III FOCUS ON STRUCTURE
Physiologically Structured Populations
8 1 Modelling age-structured populations in discrete time
811 Balance equations
812 Ageing and recruitment
813 Exponentially growing populations
814 Control and stationary states
8 2 Modelling size-structured populations in discrete time
821 Fixed age-size relations
822 Models with dynamic growth
8 3 Modelling age-structured populations in continuous time
831 Balance equations
832 Exponentially growing populations
8-3 3 Stationary states
834 Local stability
835 Numerical realisation
8 4 Modelling size-structured populations in continuous time
841 Balance equations
842 Stationary states
843 Numerical realisation
8 5 Modelling stage-structured populations
851 Model formulation
852 An illustration
Contents ix
8 6 Case studies 256
861 Nicholson s blowflies 257
862 Barnacle population dynamics 262
8 7 Sources and suggested further reading 266
8 8 Exercises and project 267
9 Spatially Structured Populations 270
9 1 Modelling distributions in discrete time 271
911 Balance equations 271
912 Describing dispersal 273
913 Patterns of spread: Non-reproducing organisms 276
914 Patterns of spread: Reproducing organisms 279
-915 Inhomogeneous environments 282
916 Interacting populations 285
9 2 Modelling distributions in continuous time 289
921 Describing dispersal 289
922 Growth and dispersal 291
923 Inhomogeneous environments 293
9 3 An overview of density distribution modelling 295
9 4 Exploiting structural features of the environment 296
941A population and its environment 296
942 Patch dynamic models 299
943 Metapopulations 302
9 5 Open questions and unsolved problems 305
951 Formulation issues 305
952 Parameterisation and testing 306
953 Strategic questions 307
9 6 Case study: Foxes and rabies in Europe 308
961 Background 308
962A first model 309
963A model with a latent period 311
964A numerical investigation 312
9 7 Sources and suggested further reading 316
9 8 Exercises and project 317
Bibliography 320
Index 329
|
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| isbn | 8173870667 |
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| spelling | Tiwari, P. C. Verfasser (DE-588)122106008 aut Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills conservation and management P. C. Tiwari and Bhagwati Joshi New Delhi Indus Publ. Co. 1997 376 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Habitat (Ecology) India Wildlife conservation India Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 gnd rswk-swf Indien Himalaja (DE-588)4024923-2 gnd rswk-swf Himalaja (DE-588)4024923-2 g Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 s DE-604 Joshi, Bhagwati Verfasser (DE-588)122106040 aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008986367&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills conservation and management |
| title_auth | Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills conservation and management |
| title_exact_search | Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills conservation and management |
| title_full | Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills conservation and management P. C. Tiwari and Bhagwati Joshi |
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| title_full_unstemmed | Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills conservation and management P. C. Tiwari and Bhagwati Joshi |
| title_short | Wildlife in the Himalayan foothills |
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| title_sub | conservation and management |
| topic | Habitat (Ecology) India Wildlife conservation India Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Habitat (Ecology) India Wildlife conservation India Naturschutz Indien Himalaja |
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