Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications: a practical approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
Kluwer
1999
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVI, 718 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0792385640 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications |b a practical approach |c by Prasanna Chandrasekhar |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Conducting polymers | |
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| adam_text | CONDUCTING POLYMERS, FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS A PRACTICAL APPROACH
BY PRASANNA CHANDRASEKHAR ASHWIN-USHAS CORP., INC. * KLUWER ACADEMIC
PUBLISHERS BOSTON / DORDRECHT / LONDON TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF COMMON
ABBREVIATIONS XXV FOREWORD, LAWRENCE DALTON XXXIII PREFACE XXXV PART I:
FUNDAMENTALS 1 CHAPTER 1: BASICS OF CONDUCTING POLYMERS (CPS) 3 1.1 WHAT
ARE CONDUCTING POLYMERS (CPS)? 4 1.1.1 DEFINITIONS AND EXAMPLES 4 1.1.2
EXCLUDED MATERIALS CLASSES (THOSE NOT TREATED AS CPS IN THIS BOOK) 7 1.2
HISTORICAL 9 1.3 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CPS, DOPING AND STRUCTURE 10
1.3.1 CONDUCTIVITY CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS 10 1.3.2 DOPING AND
DOPANTS 12 1.3.3 DOPING TYPES 15 1.3.4 REAL AND IDEALIZED STRUCTURES 16
1.4 BASICS OF CP SYNTHESIS 16 1.4.1 CATEGORIES AND CLASSES OF SYNTHESES
16 1.4.2 REPRESENTATIVE SYNMESES- CHEMICAL 17 1.4.3 REPRESENTATIVE
SYNMESES- ELECTROCHEMICAL 20 1.4.4 SIMPLE REPRESENTATION OF MECHANISMS
20 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 22 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 2:
SEMICONDUCTOR MODELS FOR CPS 23 2.1 CONVENTIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS AND CPS
23 2.1.1 CONVENTIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS 23 2.1.2 CPS AS SEMICONDUCTORS 25
2.2 STRUCTURAL DISTORTIONS: POLARONS, BIPOLARONS AND SOLITONS 26 2.3
BAND STRUCTURE EVOLUTION 34 2.4 DENSITIES OF STATES AND WAVEVECTOR
REPRESENTA- TIONS 37 2.5 CORRELATION OF OPTICAL SPECTRA TO BAND
STRUCTURE . . 38 2.6 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS 41 PROBLEMS AND
EXERCISES 41 CHAPTER 3: BASIC ELECTROCHROMICS OF CPS 43 3.1 BASICS OF
ELECTROCHROMISM AND SPECTROELECTRO- CHEMISTRY OF CPS 43 3.1.1 BASICS 43
3.1.2 SPECTRAL REGIONS 44 3.1.3 ELEMENTARY ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CPS AS
BASIS FOR ELECTRO- CHROMISM 45 3.1.4 BASIC METHODOLOGY FOR TRANSMISSION-
AND REFLECTANCE- MODE ELECTROCHROMISM 46 3.2 UV-VIS-NIR AND IR
SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS 48 3.2.1 TRANSMISSION-MODE SPELS 48
3.2.2 REFLECTION-MODE DATA 52 3.2.3 IR-REGION DATA 56 3.3 OTHER
ELECTROCHROMIC PARAMETERS OF INTEREST 65 3.4 OTHER MEASUREMENTS 72
PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 75 CONDUCTING POLYMERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND
APPLICATIONS IX CHAPTER 4: ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CPS 77 4.1 BASICS 78
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION 78 4.1.2 BASIC METHODOLOGY 78 4.1.3 ELECTROLYTES AND
ELECTRODES 79 4.2 BASIC VOLTAMMETRIC PARAMETERS AND INFORMATION OF
INTEREST 81 4.2.1 CYCLIC VOLTAMMOGRAMS (CVS) 81 4.2.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL
WINDOWS 82 4.2.3 SCAN RATE DEPENDENCIES 83 4.2.4 OTHER PARAMETERS FROM
CVS, PEAK BROADENING 83 4.2.5 SURFACE-ACTIVE BEHAVIOR 84 4.2.6 CHARGE
CAPACITIES 86 4.2.7 DOPANT AND STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS 86 4.2.8
REVERSIBILITY 89 4.3 SOLVENT AND PH EFFECTS, MIXED SOLVENTS, DOPANTS 89
4.4 RELATION WITH SEMICONDUCTOR PROPERTIES 92 4.5 OTHER VOLTAMMETRIC
METHODS 94 4.6 CA, CC AND DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS 94 4.7 COMPLEX FILM
THICKNESS AND DOPANT EFFECTS 96 4.8 MODIFIED ELECTRODES 98 PROBLEMS AND
EXERCISES 98 CHAPTER 5: ADVANCED POLYMERIZATION CONCEPTS 101 5.1
ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION 102 5.1.1 MECHANISMS 102 5.1.1.1 GENERIC
ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION MECHANISM 102 5.1.1.2 FACTORS FAVORING
POLYMERIZATION AND NO POLY- MERIZATION 104 5.1.1.3 MECHANISTIC NOTATION
AND RATE EXPRESSIONS 107 X TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.1.2 SOLVENTS AND
ELECTRODES 110 5.1.3 POTENTIOSTATIC, GALVANOSTADC POLYMERIZATIONS,
THRESHOLD CONCENTRATIONS ILL 5.1.4 DOPANTS 112 5.1.5 ELECTROCHEMICAL
MONITORING OF POLYMERIZATION 113 5.2 CHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION 115 5.2.1
MECHANISMS AND GENERAL 115 5.2.2 OPTIMIZATION IN SOLUTION
POLYMERIZATIONS 117 5.2.3 SYNOPSIS OF CHEMICAL SYNTHESES 118 5.2.4
UNIQUE CHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION METHODS 122 5.3 DOPANTS, AND ALTERNATIVE
DOPING TECHNIQUES 124 5.3.1 COMMON DOPANTS 124 5.3.2 UNCOMMON OR UNUSUAL
DOPANTS 126 5.3.3 ALTERNATIVE DOPING TECHNIQUES 127 5.4 TEMPLATE-BASED
POLYMERIZATIONS 129 5.5 NANOSCALE POLYMERIZATIONS 136 5.6 TRUE
COPOLYMERIZATIONS 138 5.7 BULK AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION 140 PROBLEMS
AND EXERCISES 142 CHAPTER 6: CONDUCTION MODELS FOR CPS 143 6.1
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL ASPECTS 144 6.1.1 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
SUBSTANTIATING CONDUCTION MODELS 144 6.1.2 NATURE OF CONDUCTION AND
RELATION WITH CP MORPHOLOGY ... 145 6.1.3 TEMPERATURE, FREQUENCY, DOPING
DEPENDENCIES 148 6.1.3.1 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCIES 148 6.1.3.2 FREQUENCY
DEPENDENCIES 148 6.1.3.3 DOPING DEPENDENCIES 148 6.1.4 PRACTICAL ASPECTS
149 6.2 CONDUCTION MODELS 150 6.2.1 MOTT VARIABLE RANGE HOPPING (VRH)
MODEL 150 6.2.2 SHENG MODEL 152 CONDUCTING POLYMERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND
APPLICATIONS XI 6.2.3 KIVELSON AND OTHER MODELS 152 6.2.4 RELATIONSHIP
OF ALL MODELS 154 6.3 EXPERIMENTAL CORRELATIONS 155 6.3.1 GENERAL 155
6.3.2 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCIES 155 6.3.3 FREQUENCY DEPENDENCIES,
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS 159 6.3.4 THERMOPOWER AND HALL EFFECT
MEASUREMENTS 162 6.3.5 PRESSURE DEPENDENCIES 164 6.3.6 STRETCHING,
ANISOTROPY, CRYSTALLINITY, MOLECULAR WEIGHT EFFECTS 167 6.3.7.
ACTIVATION ENERGIES AND MOBILITIES 169 6.3.8 MINOR STRUCTURAL EFFECTS
171 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 172 CHAPTER 7: THEORETICAL TREATMENTS OF CPS
173 7.1 AIMS OF THIS CHAPTER 174 7.2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND PEIERLS
INSTABILITY ... 174 7.3 OVERVIEW OF THEORETICAL METHODS USED 175 7.4
EXTENDED HUECKEL AND RELATED METHODS 177 7.5 THE VEH METHOD 178 7.6 AB
INITIO, COMBINATION AB INITIO/SEMIEMPIRICAL STUD- IES 183 7.7 METHODS
USING SSH HAMILTONIANS 185 7.8 METHODS CONSIDERING E-E, E-P CORRELATIONS
186 7.9 APPENDIX 7-1: SELECTED CALCULATED BAND STRUCTURES 189 7.10
APPENDIX 7-2: SELECTED METHODOLOGY, CALCULATION DETAILS, AND RELEVANT
EQUATIONS 196 7.10.1 EXTENDED HIICKEL (EH) 196 7.10.2 LCAO/ETB (EXTENDED
TIGHT BINDING) 197 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.10.3 VEH 197 7.10.4 STRICTLY
AB INITIO METHODS 199 7.10.5 REPRESENTATIVE COMBINATION AB
INITIO/SEMI-EMPIRICAL METHODS 199 7.10.6 THE SSH HAMILTONIAN 199 7.10.7
METHODS CONSIDERING E-E, E-P CORRELATIONS 200 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 206
CHAPTER 8: SOLUBILITY AND PROCESSING OF CPS 207 8.1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
AND TRULY SOLUBLE CPS 208 8.1.1 NOTE ON COMMONALITY WITH MATERIAL IN
OTHER CHAPTERS .... 208 8.1.2 TRULY SOLUBLE AND PROCESSIBLE CPS 208
8.1.3 MOST COMMON PROCESSING METHODS 208 8.2 SOLUTIONS IN UNUSUAL OR
DIFFICULT SOLVENTS 209 8.3 TEMPLATE BASED AND SULFONATED CPS 210 8.3.1
TEMPLATE BASED SOLUBLE CPS 210 8.3.2 SELF-DOPED AND OTHER SULFONATED
CP SYSTEMS 213 8.4 LONG CHAIN ALKYL SUBSTITUTED POLY(THIOPHENES) ....
215 8.5 POLY(DIACETYLENES) AS PROCESSIBLE CPS 215 8.6 USE OF OTHER
SOLUBILIZING GROUPS 216 8.7 PROCESSING AND COATING OF CPS VIA IN SITU
POLYMERIZA- TION 218 8.7.1 GENERAL 218 8.7.2 TEXTILE AND FIBER COATING
218 8.8 MELT AND OTHER HEAT PROCESSIBILITY 219 8.9 TECHNIQUES USING
COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS 221 8.10 PRECURSOR ROUTES 223 8.11 LANGMUIR-BLODGETT
FILMS OF CPS 223 8.12 DIRECT VAPOR DEPOSITION 226 CONDUCTING POLYMERS:
FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS ** 8.13 OTHER NEW DEPOSITION METHODS 226
PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 227 CHAPTER 9: STRUCTURAL ASPECTS, MORPHOLOGY AND
FIBER/ FILM PROCESSING 229 9.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN MORPHOLOGY 230
9.1.1 IDEALIZED AND REAL STRUCTURES, CHAIN DEFECTS AND ORDER .... 230
9.1.2 POLYMERIZATION CONDITIONS 230 9.1.3 ROTATIONAL BARRIERS 232 9.1.4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT (MWT) 232 9.1.5 FIBRILLAR AND GLOBULAR MORPHOLOGY 234
9.1.6 DOPING EFFECTS 235 9.1.7 EFFECTS OF FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURE AND
SUBSTITUENTS 237 9.2 FIBERS AND ORIENTED FILMS 238 9.2.1 PREPARATION:
FIBERS 238 9.2.1.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN FIBER PREPARATION .... 238
9.2.1.2 REPRESENTATIVE PROCEDURES IN DETAIL 239 9.2.2 PREPARATION:
ORIENTED FILMS 241 9.2.3 ENHANCEMENT OF CONDUCTIVITY, CONDUCTIVITY
ANISOTROPY .... 242 9.2.4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 243 9.2.5 CRYSTALLINITY
245 9.2.6 TRUE SINGLE-CRYSTAL CHARACTER 247 9.3 THERMOCHROMISM AND
SOLVATOCHROMISM 248 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 251 CHAPTER 10: COMPOSITES
(BLENDS) AND COPOLYMERS 253 10.1 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS 254 10.1.1
DEFINITIONS 254 10.1.2 SYNOPSIS OF TYPES OF SYNTHESES 256 10.2 IN SITU
CHEMICAL POLYMERIZATIONS 256 10.2.1 CHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION VIA SORPTION
OF MONOMER 256 10.2.2 CHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION VIA SORPTION OF OXIDANT
257 10.2.3 SOLUTION EVAPORATIVE POLYMERIZATION 258 10.2.4 CATALYTIC AND
OMER IN SITU CHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION 259 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.3 IN
SITU ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATIONS 261 10.4 DIRECT POLYMER BLENDS 262
10.4.1 BLENDING IN SOLUTION 262 10.4.2 MELT-BLENDING 263 10.5 COMPOSITE
FIBERS 264 10.6 TRUE COPOLYMERS 265 10.7 INTERPENETRATING POLYMER
NETWORKS 272 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 272 CHAPTER 11: CHARACTERIZATION
METHODS AND SALIENT RESULTS: PART 1 275 11.1 INTRODUCTION, OUTLINE OF
SKELETAL CHARACTERIZA- TION 276 11.2 CONDUCTIVITY AND RELATED
MEASUREMENTS 277 11.2.1 EX-SITU DC CONDUCTIVITY OF POWDERS, FILMS AND
FIBERS ... 277 11.2.2 IN-SITU DC CONDUCTIVITY 280 11.2.3 ELECTROCHEMICAL
IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (EIS) AND AC CONDUCTIVITY 281 11.2.4 THERMOPOWER
MEASUREMENTS 286 11.3 INFRARED MEASUREMENTS 286 11.4 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
289 11.4.1 INDIRECT METHODS 289 11.4.2 GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY
(GPC) 290 11.4.3 VISCOSITY 290 11.4.4 LIGHT SCATTERING 290 11.5 RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY 291 11.6 THERMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY MEASURE- MENTS
297 11.6.1 THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (TGA) 297 11.6.2 DIFFERENTIAL
SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) 301 11.6.3 OTHER THERMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
STABILITY TEST METHODS . . 303 CONDUCTING POLYMERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND
APPLICATIONS XV 11.7 X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY 306 11.8 NUCLEAR
MAGNETIC RESONANCE METHODS 310 11.9 ESR 315 11.9.1 BASICS OF ESR OF CPS
315 11.9.2 P(PY) AND POLY(THIOPHENES) 316 11.9.3 POLY(ACETYLENE) 319
11.9.4 P(ANI)S 320 11.9.5 PHOTO-INDUCED ESR 321 11.9.6 OTHER CPS 322
11.10 ENDOR 323 11.11 ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY (EELS) 324
PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 326 CHAPTER 12: CHARACTERIZATION METHODS AND
SALIENT RESULTS: PART 2 329 12.1 MICROWAVE PROPERTIES 330 12.1.1
INTEREST IN CPS, PROPERTIES COVERED, FREQUENCIES 330 12.1.2 PARAMETERS
OF INTEREST, AND CAVITY PERTURBATION MEASURE- MENTS 330 12.1.3 NETWORK
ANALYZER BASED METHODS 332 12.1.4 TRANSMISSION AND REFLECTION
MEASUREMENTS 333 12.1.5 EMI SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS (EMI-SE)
MEASUREMENTS .... 333 12.1.6 RADAR CROSS SECTION (RCS) 334 12.1.7
SALIENT RESULTS 334 12.2 PHOTO/ELECTRO-LUMINESCENCE, PHOTO-INDUCED PROP-
ERTIES 339 12.2.1 METHODS 339 12.2.2 SALIENT RESULTS 340 12.3 THIRD
ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL (NLO) PROPERTIES 351 12.3.1 THE NLO EFFECT AND
PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS 351 12.3.2 METHODOLOGY 352 12.3.3 SALIENT
RESULTS: THIRD ORDER NLO EFFECTS 353 12.3.4 SALIENT RESULTS: SECOND
ORDER NLO EFFECTS 361 12.3.5 SALIENT RESULTS: DECAY TIMES OF EXCITED
STATES 361 XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS 12.4 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 363 12.5
MISCELLANEOUS METHODS 366 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 369 CHAPTER 13: CLASSES
OF CPS: PART 1 371 NOTE ON CHAPTER FOCUS 372 13.1 POLY(ACETYLENES)
(P(AC)S) 372 13.1.1 SIMPLE SYNTHESES AND BASIC PROPERTIES 372 13.1.2
DOPING OF P(AC) 373 13.1.3 ORIENTATION OF P(AC) 374 13.1.4 SPECIAL
SYNTHESES 375 13.1.5 SUBSTITUTED P(AC)S 376 13.2 POLY(DIACETYLENES)
(P(DIAC)S) 377 13.3 POLY(PYRROLES) (P(PY)S) 381 13.3.1 CHEMICAL
POLYMERIZATIONS 381 13.3.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESES 382 13.3.3
SUBSTITUTED P(PY)S 383 13.4 POLY(ANILINES) (P(ANI)S) 383 13.4.1
STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE 383 13.4.2 REPRESENTATIVE CHEMICAL SYNTHESES
385 13.4.3 ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS 386 13.5 P(ANI) DERIVATIVES 387
13.6 OTHER POLY(AROMATIC AMINES) 388 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 391 CHAPTER
14: CLASSES OF CPS: PART 2 393 NOTE ON CHAPTER FOCUS 394 14.1
POLY(THIOPHENES)(P(T) S) 394 14.1.1 CHEMICAL SYNTHESES 394 CONDUCTING
POLYMERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS XVII 14.1.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL
SYNTHESES 395 14.1.3 PROPERTIES 398 14.2 DERIVATIVES OF POLY(THIOPHENES)
400 14.2.1 P(ITN) AND POLY(NAPHTHO[C]THIOPHENE) 401 14.2.2
POLY(THIENYLENE VINYLENES) P(TV)S 403 14.2.3 OTHER POLY(THIOPHENE)
(P(T)) DERIVATIVES 406 14.3 POLY(P-PHENYLENE)S (P(PP)S) AND DERIVATIVES
409 14.3.1 POLY(P-PHENYLENE) P(PP) 409 14.3.2 POLY(PHENYLENE VINYLENE)
(P(PV)) 412 14.3.3 POLY(PHENYLENE SULFIDE) (P(PS)), POLY(PHENYLENE
OXIDE) (P(PO)) AND RELATED POLY(PHENYLENE CHALCOGENIDE)S 420 14.4
POLY(AZULENES) 422 14.5 LADDER POLYMERS: BBL, BBB, PBT, PBO 423 14.6
POLY(QUINOLINES) AND DERIVATIVES 426 14.7 OTHER POLYMERS 428 PROBLEMS
AND EXERCISES 428 PART *: APPLICATIONS 431 CHAPTER 15: BATTERIES 433
15.1 TYPES OF BATTERIES INCORPORATING CPS 434 15.1.1 SUMMARY OF
APPLICATIONS 434 15.1.2 ADVANTAGES OF CPS 434 15.1.3 BATTERY PARAMETERS
AND PERFORMANCE 434 15.2 LI SECONDARY BATTERIES 437 15.2.1 PRINCIPLES
437 15.2.2 LI/CP BATTERIES 439 15.2.3 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LI/CP
BATTERIES 440 15.3 POLY(ACETYLENE) (P(AC)) 441 15.4 POLY(PYRROLE)
(P(PY)) 442 XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 15.5 POLY(ANILINE) (P(ANI)) 444 15.6
POLY(THIOPHENES) (P(T)S) 446 15.7 OTHER CPS 446 15.8 NON-LI-BATTERIES
447 15.9 COMMERCIALIZATION OF CP-BASED BATTERIES 449 PROBLEMS AND
EXERCISES 452 CHAPTER 16: LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) 453 16.1
INTRODUCTION 454 16.2 PRINCIPLES OF CP-BASED LEDS 455 16.3 VARIETIES OF
CPS USED 459 16.4 EXEMPLARY DEVICE ASSEMBLY 459 16.5 ADDRESSING PROBLEMS
AND TAILORING PERFORMANCE . . 460 16.6 TAILORING OF COLOR 463 16.7
AC-DRIVEN LEDS 473 16.8 LEDS EMITTING POLARIZED LIGHT 475 16.9 SUBMICRON
AND OTHER SPECIALTY APPLICATIONS 476 16.10 ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
RELATING TO DEVICE AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS 477 16.11 LECS AND
OTHER DEVICE TYPES 480 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 482 CONDUCTING POLYMERS:
FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS XIX CHAPTER 17: SENSORS 483 17.1 MODES OF
SENSING WITH CPS 484 17.2 CONDUCTOMETRIC-MODE SENSORS 484 17.3
POTENTIOMETRIC SENSING 490 17.4 AMPEROMETRIC SENSING 492 17.5
CONDUCTOMETRIC/AMPEROMETRIC SENSING WITH MICRO SENSORS 498 17.6
VOLTAMMETRIC SENSING 501 17.7 GRAVIMETRIC-MODE SENSING 503 17.8
OPTICAL-MODE SENSING 504 17.9 OTHER SENSING MODES 506 17.10 COMMERCIAL
IMPLEMENTATION 508 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 508 CHAPTER 18: ELECTRO-OPTIC
AND OPTICAL DEVICES 509 18.1 DEVICE TYPES AND MOTIVATIONS FOR
DEVELOPMENT ... 509 18.2 WAVEGUIDES 510 18.3 OTHER SECOND-ORDER NLO
APPLICATIONS 517 18.4 SEMICONDUCTOR/CP (SC/CP) INTERFACES 518 18.5
CP-BASED LASERS 523 18.6 OTHER OPTICAL DEVICES 524 18.7 PRACTICAL
IMPLEMENTATION 525 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 526 XX TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 19: MICROWAVE- AND CONDUCTIVITY-BASED TECHNOLOGIES 527 19.1
INTRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS COVERED, FREQUENCIES . . 527 19.2
ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPULSE (EMI) SHIELDING 528 19.3 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
AND ANTISTATIC 531 19.4 MICROWAVE ABSORPTION AND RADAR CROSS SECTION
(RCS) REDUCTION 532 19.5 COMPREHENSIVE PROPERTIES STUDIES 534 19.6
CONDUCTIVE TEXTILES 536 19.7 MICROWAVE SMOKE 539 19.8 MICROWAVE WELDING
540 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 541 CHAPTER 20: ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES 543
20.1 INTRODUCTION AND DEVICE TYPES 543 20.2 VISIBLE-REGION DEVICES 545
20.2.1 STRUCTURE 545 20.2.2 FUNCTION OF DEVICES, LABORATORY VS. ACTUAL
DEVICES 546 20.2.3 EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL, FUNCTIONAL DEVICES 548 20.3
IR-REGION DEVICES 554 20.4 OTHER SPECTRAL REGIONS 560 PROBLEMS AND
EXERCISES 561 CONDUCTING POLYMERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS XXI
CHAPTER 21: ELECTROCHEMOMECHANICAL AND CHEMO- MECHANICAL DEVICES 563
21.1 INTRODUCTION, HISTORY, AND PRINCIPLES 563 21.2 ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES
564 21.3 OTHER ELECTROCHEMOMECHANICAL ACTUATION 567 21.4 CHEMOMECHANICAL
ACTUATORS AND SENSORS 570 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 571 CHAPTER 22:
CORROSION PROTECTION 573 22.1 PRINCIPLES, DRIVING FORCES AND HISTORY 574
22.1.1 PRINCIPLES OF OTHER ANTI-CORROSION METHODS 574 22.1.2 DRIVING
FORCES BEHIND DEVELOPMENT 574 22.1.3 PRINCIPLES OF CP ANTI-CORROSION
COATINGS 575 22.1.4 BRIEF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 577 22.1.5 ADVANTAGES
OF CP COATINGS 578 22.2 CANDIDATES AND METHODS 578 22.2.1 MOST-STUDIED
CANDIDATES AND COATING METHODOLOGY 578 22.2.2 TESTING METHODOLOGY 579
22.3 SALIENT RESULTS 579 22.3.1 P(ANI) S 579 22.3.2 OTHER POLY(AROMATIC
AMINES) 585 22.3.3 OTHER CPS 588 22.4 PROGNOSIS FOR THE FUTURE 588
PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 589 CHAPTER 23: SEMICONDUCTOR-, LITHOGRAPHY-, AND
ELECTRICALLY-RELATED APPLICATIONS 591 23.1 LITHOGRAPHY AND
PHOTOPATTERNING 592 23.1.1 LITHOGRAPHY 592 XXII TABLE OF CONTENTS 23.1.2
OTHER PHOTOPATTERNING 594 23.1.3 OTHER RELATED APPLICATIONS 596 23.2
PHOTOVOLTAICS, HETEROJUNCTIONS AND PECS 596 23.2.1 USE OF CPS IN GENERAL
596 23.2.2 PVS, HETEROJUNCTIONS, DIODES 597 23.2.3 PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL
CELLS (PECS) 609 23.3 CAPACITORS 612 23.4 ELECTROLYTIC AND ELECTROLESS
METAL PLATING 616 23.5 CP-BASED MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC DEVICES 617
PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 624 CHAPTER 24: CATALYSIS AND DRUG/CHEMICAL
DELIVERY ... 627 24.1 INTRODUCTION AND COMMON FEATURES 627 24.2
CATALYSIS 628 24.3 DRUG/CHEMICAL DELIVERY 631 PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 634
CHAPTER 25: MEMBRANES 637 25.1 INTRODUCTION 637 25.2 ION PERMEATION AND
EXCHANGE 638 25.3 CHEMICAL/DRUG PERMEATION 640 25.4 GAS SEPARATION 640
PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES 644 LITERATURE CITED 645 CONDUCTING POLYMERS:
FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS XXIII INDEX 703 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 719
|
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| author | Chandrasekhar, Prasanna |
| author_facet | Chandrasekhar, Prasanna |
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| author_sort | Chandrasekhar, Prasanna |
| author_variant | p c pc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013044955 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TK7871 |
| callnumber-raw | TK7871.15.P6 |
| callnumber-search | TK7871.15.P6 |
| callnumber-sort | TK 47871.15 P6 |
| callnumber-subject | TK - Electrical and Nuclear Engineering |
| classification_rvk | UV 9560 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)245819416 (DE-599)BVBBV013044955 |
| dewey-full | 620.19204297 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 620.19204297 |
| dewey-search | 620.19204297 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.19204297 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Physik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV013044955 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:38:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0792385640 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008887548 |
| oclc_num | 245819416 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | XXXVI, 718 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Kluwer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Chandrasekhar, Prasanna Verfasser aut Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach by Prasanna Chandrasekhar Boston [u.a.] Kluwer 1999 XXXVI, 718 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Conducting polymers Electronic apparatus and appliances Photonics Materials Leitfähige Polymere (DE-588)4225135-7 gnd rswk-swf Leitfähige Polymere (DE-588)4225135-7 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008887548&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Chandrasekhar, Prasanna Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach Conducting polymers Electronic apparatus and appliances Photonics Materials Leitfähige Polymere (DE-588)4225135-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4225135-7 |
| title | Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach |
| title_auth | Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach |
| title_exact_search | Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach |
| title_full | Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach by Prasanna Chandrasekhar |
| title_fullStr | Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach by Prasanna Chandrasekhar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications a practical approach by Prasanna Chandrasekhar |
| title_short | Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications |
| title_sort | conducting polymers fundamentals and applications a practical approach |
| title_sub | a practical approach |
| topic | Conducting polymers Electronic apparatus and appliances Photonics Materials Leitfähige Polymere (DE-588)4225135-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Conducting polymers Electronic apparatus and appliances Photonics Materials Leitfähige Polymere |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008887548&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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