Work organization and ergonomics:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
Internat. Labour Office
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 211 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9221095185 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Work organization and ergonomics |c ed. by Vittorio di Martino ... |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Geneva |b Internat. Labour Office |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 211 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Arbeitsbedingungen - Arbeitsorganisation - Unternehmen | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ergonomie |0 (DE-588)4015249-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Ergonomie |0 (DE-588)4015249-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Di Martino, Vittorio |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008842781&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008842781 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127676168929280 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgements xiii
1. Designing innovative workplaces 1
Work organization and ergonomics 1
The approach 2
Both industrialized and developing countries can benefit 5
The target enterprise 6
A flexible enterprise 6
A quality oriented enterprise 7
A participatory enterprise 8
A customer oriented enterprise 8
A healthy enterprise 9
A competence based and committed enterprise 10
Action at different levels 10
At enterprise level 10
At department level 10
At workplace level 11
The audience 11
2. Task analysis and work design 13
Designing effective and satisfying tasks and jobs 13
Definitions 14
Objectives in task and job design 14
Task description and analysis 14
Task description 15
Task analysis 16
Design of tasks 20
Workload 20
Physical work 21
Mental work 33
Stress 36
Job design 41
Management programmes for job redesign 44
3. Workplace design 49
Designing workplaces 49
Importance of appropriate work environments 50
Process for investigating and designing workplaces 51
Analysis phase 51
Development phase 52
Evaluation phase 52
Sources of information 52
Recommendations on dimensions for population groups 54
Sample user data 54
Specific recommendations and guidelines 57
vii
WORK ORGANIZATION AND ERGONOMICS Key points for the design and layout of workplaces 57
Guidelines for the arrangement of workplaces 58
Guidelines for work seating 58
Guidelines for the physical work environment 59
Principles and approaches to workplace evaluation and design 61
Design for extreme cases 61
Design for adjustable range 61
Design for restricted ortolerance range 62
Designing for an average value 62
Testing and evaluating workspaces 62
Fitting trials 62
User trials 65
Checklists 66
Redesign and participative procedures 73
Design decision groups 76
4. Layout of equipment and production flow 81
Production flow 81
The make versus buy decision 81
Basic approaches to manufacturing 82
Intermittent processes 82
Line processes 87
Cellular manufacture 87
Kanban techniques 89
Equipment 92
Numerical control (NC, CNC, DNC) 94
Industrial robots 96
Computer aided design (CAD) 97
Advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) 98
Tooling based solutions 99
Reduction of set up times 99
Change over time reduction 100
Layout 103
The sequencing of production facilities 104
Cross charts 104
Balancing the production sequence 105
Group technology clustering 112
Matrix clustering 112
Linear programming methods 113
Human factors 113
5. Working together: Flexible work groups and multi skilling 117
The organizational challenge 117
Away from the traditional approach 118
Job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment 118
Teamworking 122
Setting up teamworking 124
Solving the problems 125
Middle management 127
First line supervision 128
Training 128
viii
______ CONTENTS
Organizational support 130
Different working teams at work 131
Autonomous working groups 136
Why an autonomous working group? 136
Experimenting with autonomous working groups 138
Features of autonomous working groups 147
Benefits and limitations of autonomous working groups 147
6. Well planned buildings and premises 151
Siting the industrial enterprise 151
Different types of factory premises 151
Individual offices or open plan offices? 152
VDU workstations 155
Artificial lighting and the VDU workstation 157
Assessing the environmental factors in VDU workstations 157
VDU workstations and techno stress 158
Floors 160
Floors, falls and accidents 161
Direction finding systems for identification of workplaces 162
Adapting worksites to workers with physical disabilities 164
Worksite accessibility for workers with disabilities 166
7. Strategic organizational issues 177
Total quality management (TQM) 177
A new approach to total quality 178
The two routes to quality management 178
ISO 9000: Systems and procedures 179
Howto approach TQM 180
Implementing TQM 183
Just in time (JIT) 185
Implementing just in time 187
Technological change 189
The technology choice: Must it always be high tech? 192
Management objectives and technological change 195
Work organization and human centred technology 197
Implementation guidelines 201
8. The next steps 209
Boxes
2.1 Rating of perceived exertion (Borg s scale) 26
2.2 Ten guidelines on manual handling 27
2.3 Checklist for design of control room operators work in nuclear power plants 34
2.4 Basic work related needs relevant to job design 41
3.1 Checklist for evaluation of any visual environment 66
4.1 Important facts in AMT implementation 98
4.2 Planning and involvement in AMT implementation 99
5.1 Six questions to help in defining monitoring requirements 131
6.1 Checklist for assessing environmental factors in VDU workstations 158
6.2 Design guidelines for direction finding systems 163
7.1 Basic advantages of just in time manufacture 186
ix
WORK ORGANIZATION AND ERGONOMICS 7.2 Key messages for new technology introduction 191
7.3 Consequences of distancing and complementarity 200
7.4 Guidelines for exploiting the potential of new technology 202
7.5 The skills of the change agent 204
Case studies
1A ABB, Sweden 2
1B Paper Products Ltd., United Republic of Tanzania 5
1C The Hay Employee Attitude Study 7
1D Lucas Aerospace Participatory Approach 8
2A Construction work 32
2B Anti stress programmes 40
2C Electronics assembly 46
3A Work conditions and health issues in VDT use 72
3B Ergonomic improvements through workers involvement 74
3C A packaging workstation: Lessons learned the hard way 75
4A Focusing production in an electronic company 88
4B Group technology at Northrop Aircraft 89
4C Experimenting with Kanban techniques at 3M, Minnesota 90
4D Integrated man machine system at Detroit Diesel Allison in Indianapolis 94
4E Discrete use of technology at a Toyota plant 102
4F Discrete use of technology at the Tektronix plant in Oregon 102
5A Introduction of job rotation in a factory producing plastic goods
in the Philippines 120
5B Job enrichment at Pechiney group France 123
5C Teamworking at Express Tanzania Ltd 132
5D Teamworking at Opel 134
5E Semi autonomous working group at Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. in India 139
5F Autonomous working groups at SKF D3 Plant in Gothenburg, Sweden 141
5G High performance working groups at Digital Equipment Corporation 143
7A Just in time: The philosophy of working properly 188
7B Technology in manufacturing 194
7C New technology in biscuit making 198
Figures
1.1 A healthy company and its main elements 9
2.1 Interactions in work redesign: Principles of ergonomics 13
2.2 Dynamic and static work muscular effort 21
2.3 Body part discomfort diagram 24
2.4 OWAS method: Classification of work postures 29
2.5 OWAS method: Action categories for work posture combinations 30
2.6 Factors involved in the perception and experience of stress 37
2.7 The job characteristics model 42
3.1 Effects of the working environment 50
3.2 Dimensions for the adult population in the United Kingdom 55
3.3 Indication of changes in workplace height for different types of work 57
3.4 Seat height for a work height of 105 cm 64
4.1 Approaches to manufacturing 83
4.2 The performance of different approaches to manufacturing 84
4.3 The elements of an MRPn system 86
4.4 The Kanban concept 91
X
CON I EN IS
4.5 The man machine environment 95
4.6 The four steps to set up time reduction 100
4.7 Identification of problem areas by reducing work in progress (WIP) 101
4.8 Precedence diagram of work elements 105
4.9 Allocation of 21 elements to 4 workstations 111
5.1 Job rotation: People move at predetermined intervals from one task
to another 118
5.2 Job enlargement: Each person is given more tasks to perform, typically at
the same level of work, so this is also known as horizontal enlargement 119
5.3 Job enrichment 121
5.4 The autonomous group and the devolution of responsibilities 137
6.1 Positioning of standard (non VDU) workstations closer to the windows.
VDU workstations are distributed in rows, but far from the windows.
In all cases, workstations neither face nor back on to the windows 155
6.2 Distribution of VDU workstations and standard workstations when one
set of windows faces south and two adjoining walls contain windows.
Curtains may also be needed on the east fagade 156
6.3 Recommended position of VDU and standard workstations
when there is a profusion of windows in three fagades 156
6.4 Occupational requirements checklist for workers with disabilities 165
6.5 Handrail dimensions for workers with disabilities 168
6.6 Ramp requirements for workers with disabilities 168
6.7 Entrance requirements for workers with disabilities 169
6.8 Parking spaces for workers with disabilities 169
6.9 Lifts (elevators) for workers with disabilities 170
6.10 Doors for workers with disabilities 171
6.11 Control units for workers with disabilities 173
6.12 Lavatory dimensions for workers with disabilities 174
7.1 Technical change: An organization s decision process 191
8.1 Designing for quality work 211
Tables
2.1 Initial task analysis 17
2.2 Processes used by people when doing jobs, and some points on how
performance may be improved 18
2.3 Operator postures that will lead to health (and efficiency) problems 22
2.4 OWAS method: Action categories for work postures 31
2.5 Checklist of stress hazards 38
2.6 A framework for job redesign: Variables and propositions 43
2.7 Monitoring and intervention programme 44
3.1 Ergonomics design data and examples of their use 53
3.2 A workplace and work environment questionnaire 68
3.3 Part of a checklist used on an ergonomics training course for improving
working conditions and productivity in small enterprises 71
4.1 Main areas of optional choice, by technical system 93
4.2 Robot applications checklist 96
4.3(a) An example of from to chart: Situation before change 104
4.3(b) An example of from to chart: Situation after change 104
4.4 Tabular representation of data in figure 4.8 107
4.5(a) First stage of conversion 108
4.5(b) Second stage of conversion 109
xi
WORK ORGANIZATION AND ERGONOMICS
4.5(c) Final stage of conversion 110
4.6 Matrix clustering 112
5.1 Management changes with teamworking 127
5.2 The changing role of first level supervision 128
6.1 An example of a design process in which the social, human and
environmental factors are considered 153
6.2 Traditional partitioned offices versus open plan office 154
6.3 Floor characteristics 161
6.4 Testing of different floor covering 162
7.1 Contrasts in managing for quality 181
7.2 Applications of information technology relevant to business success 196
xii
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:37:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9221095185 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Work organization and ergonomics ed. by Vittorio di Martino ... 1. publ. Geneva Internat. Labour Office 1998 XIII, 211 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Arbeitsbedingungen - Arbeitsorganisation - Unternehmen Ergonomie (DE-588)4015249-2 gnd rswk-swf Ergonomie (DE-588)4015249-2 s DE-604 Di Martino, Vittorio Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008842781&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Work organization and ergonomics Arbeitsbedingungen - Arbeitsorganisation - Unternehmen Ergonomie (DE-588)4015249-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4015249-2 |
| title | Work organization and ergonomics |
| title_auth | Work organization and ergonomics |
| title_exact_search | Work organization and ergonomics |
| title_full | Work organization and ergonomics ed. by Vittorio di Martino ... |
| title_fullStr | Work organization and ergonomics ed. by Vittorio di Martino ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Work organization and ergonomics ed. by Vittorio di Martino ... |
| title_short | Work organization and ergonomics |
| title_sort | work organization and ergonomics |
| topic | Arbeitsbedingungen - Arbeitsorganisation - Unternehmen Ergonomie (DE-588)4015249-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeitsbedingungen - Arbeitsorganisation - Unternehmen Ergonomie |
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