Comparing federal systems:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Montreal [u.a.]
McGill-Queen's Univ. Press
1999
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Watts, Ronald L.: Comparing federal systems in the 1990s |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 138 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780889118355 0889118353 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Comparing federal systems
Autor: Watts, Ronald L
Jahr: 1999
Contents
List of Tables...............................................................................................vii
Foreword to the First Edition.......................................................................ix
Preface to the First Edition and Summary..................................................xi
Preface to the Second Edition.....................................................................xv
Acknowledgements....................................................................................xvii
1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................1
1.1 The Relevance of Comparisons.........................................................1
1.2 A Brief History of Federalism...........................................................2
1.3 The Relevance of Federalism in the 1990s.......................................4
1.4 Definition of Terms and Principles of Federalism............................6
1.5 Federal Societies, Constitutions and Governments........................14
1.6 Issues in the Design and Operation of Federations.........................17
1.7 Criteria for the Selection of Federations Considered
in this Study.....................................................................................18
2. OVERVIEW OF THE FEDERATIONS COMPARED
IN THIS STUDY.........................................................................................21
2.1 Established Federations in Developed Countries............................21
United States of America (1789)................................................21
Switzerland (1848)......................................................................22
Canada (1867).............................................................................23
Australia (1901)..........................................................................24
Austria (1920).............................................................................25
Germany (1949)..........................................................................26
iv Comparing Federal Systems
2.2 Selected Multilingual Federations in Developing Countries..........27
India (1950).................................................................................27
Malaysia (1963)..........................................................................28
2.3 Recently Emerged and Emerging Federations................................29
Belgium (1993)...........................................................................29
Spain (1978)................................................................................30
2.4 Bicommunal Federations That Have Separated..............................31
Czechoslovakia (1920-1992)......................................................31
Pakistan (1947-1971)..................................................................32
3. THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS IN FEDERATIONS.......................35
3.1 The Issue of Balancing Unity and Diversity...................................35
3.2 Relationship between Distributions of Legislative and
Executive Powers.............................................................................36
3.3 Variations in the Form of the Distribution of Legislative
Authority..........................................................................................37
Exclusive Legislative Powers......................................................37
Concurrent Legislative Powers...................................................38
Residual Powers..........................................................................39
3.4 The Scope of Legislative Powers Allocated....................................40
3.5 Distribution of Administrative Responsibilities..............................41
4. THE DISTRIBUTION OF FINANCES.....................................................43
4.1 Importance of the Allocation of Financial Resources.....................43
4.2 The Distribution of Revenue Powers..............................................43
4.3 The Allocation of Expenditure Powers...........................................44
4.4 The Issue of Vertical and Horizontal Imbalances...........................45
4.5 The Role of Financial Transfers......................................................47
4.6 Conditional or Unconditional Transfers..........................................48
4.7 Equalization Transfers.....................................................................50
4.8 Processes and Institutions for Adjusting Financial Arrangements ... 53
5. PROCESSES FOR FLEXIBILITY AND ADJUSTMENT IN
FEDERATIONS..........................................................................................57
5.1 Importance of Processes for Intergovernmental Collaboration......57
5.2 Forms and Extent of Intergovernmental Relations.........................57
5.3 Other Devices for Flexibility and Adjustment in the Distribution
of Powers.........................................................................................59
5.4 Cooperative versus Competitive Federalism...................................60
5.5 Implications for the Democratic Character of Federations.............61
Comparing Federal Systems
V
6. SYMMETRY AND ASYMMETRY IN FEDERATIONS.........................63
6.1 Political and Constitutional Asymmetry Distinguished..................63
6.2 Examples of Political Asymmetry...................................................63
6.3 Examples of Constitutional Asymmetry.........................................66
7. MULTILEVEL FEDERAL SYSTEMS.....................................................69
7.1 The Impact of Membership in Supra-federation Federal
Organizations...................................................................................69
7.2 The Place of Local Governments....................................................70
8. DEGREES OF DECENTRALIZATION AND
NON-CENTRALIZATION IN FEDERATIONS.......................................71
8.1 Conceptual Issues in Measuring Decentralization and Relative
Autonomy........................................................................................71
Legislative Decentralization........................................................72
Administrative Decentralization.................................................73
Financial Decentralization..........................................................73
Decentralization to Non-governmental Agencies.......................74
Constitutional Limitations..........................................................75
The Character of Federal Decision Making................................75
8.2 A Comparative Assessment in Relation to Canada.........................75
8.3 Minimum Federal Powers...............................................................80
9. THE REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTIONS OF FEDERAL
GOVERNMENTS.......................................................................................83
9.1 The Importance of Shared Federal Institutions as a Focus
for Unity..........................................................................................83
9.2 Institutions Based on the Separation of Powers or
Parliamentary Principles..................................................................84
9.3 The Significance of These Forms for the Representativeness and
Effectiveness of Federal Governments............................................85
9.4 The Impact of Electoral Systems and Political Parties...................90
9.5 The Role of Federal Second Chambers...........................................92
Bicameralism within Federations...............................................92
Selection of Members.................................................................92
Basis of Regional Representation...............................................95
Powers of Second Chambers Relative to the First Chamber......96
10. CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY IN FEDERATIONS.......................99
10.1 The Constitution as Supreme Law..................................................99
10.2 Processes for Constitutional Adjudication and Judicial Review .... 99
vi Comparing Federal Systems
10.3 Supreme Courts and Constitutional Courts.................................. 100
10.4 Constitutional Amendment Procedures.........................................101
10.5 The Role of Constitutional Bills of Rights...................................104
10.6 Provisions for Formal Secession...................................................107
11. THE PATHOLOGY OF FEDERATIONS................................................109
11.1 Significance of the Pathology of Federations...............................109
11.2 Sources of Stress............................................................................110
The Distribution and Character of Internal Social Divisions... 110
The Role of the Institutions and Structures of Federations......110
Strategies Adopted to Combat Disintegration..........................112
Polarizing Political Processes...................................................112
11.3 The Special Problem of Bicommunal Federations.......................113
11.4 Processes and Consequences of Disintegration............................114
12. CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................117
12.1 Canada in Comparative Perspective..............................................117
12.2 Implications for the Future Development of the Canadian
Federation......................................................................................120
APPENDIX A
The Distribution of Powers and Functions in Federations:
A Comparative Overview.........................................................................125
NOTES......................................................................................................131
SELECTED READINGS.........................................................................135
|
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| spelling | Watts, Ronald L. Verfasser aut Comparing federal systems Ronald L. Watts 2. ed. Montreal [u.a.] McGill-Queen's Univ. Press 1999 XIV, 138 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Watts, Ronald L.: Comparing federal systems in the 1990s Federalisme gtt Fédéralisme Institutions politiques comparées Comparative government Federal government Föderalismus (DE-588)4017754-3 gnd rswk-swf Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd rswk-swf Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 gnd rswk-swf Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 g Föderalismus (DE-588)4017754-3 s Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008808025&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Comparing federal systems |
| title_auth | Comparing federal systems |
| title_exact_search | Comparing federal systems |
| title_full | Comparing federal systems Ronald L. Watts |
| title_fullStr | Comparing federal systems Ronald L. Watts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing federal systems Ronald L. Watts |
| title_short | Comparing federal systems |
| title_sort | comparing federal systems |
| topic | Federalisme gtt Fédéralisme Institutions politiques comparées Comparative government Federal government Föderalismus (DE-588)4017754-3 gnd Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd |
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