Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Zürich
Geographisches Inst. ETH
2000
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Schriftenreihe: | Zürcher Klima-Schriften
78 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in dt. Sprache |
Beschreibung: | XIII, 242 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
ISBN: | 3906148262 |
Internformat
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover |c Andreas Carl Roesch |
264 | 1 | |a Zürich |b Geographisches Inst. ETH |c 2000 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Titel: Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover
Autor: Roesch, Andreas Carl
Jahr: 2000
Contents
Acknowledgement ................................... í
Abstract......................................... vii
Zusammenfassung................................... ix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Objectives of this study............................. 1
1.2 Previous work on sensitivity........................... 2
1.3 Definition and measurement of surface albedo................. 4
1.4 Main characteristics of surface albedo ..................... 6
1.5 The importance of albedo in the climate system................ 8
2 Observational data 9
2.1 Global data.................................... 9
2.2 In-situ snow cover observation.......................... 12
3 Validation of ECHAM4 13
3.1 Introduction.................................... 13
3.2 Precipitation................................... 13
3.3 Surface temperature............................... 16
3.4 Snow water equivalent.............................. 20
3.5 Surface albedo .................................. 25
4 Assessment of the ECHAM and EM land surface schemes
in an off-line mode 33
4.1 Introduction.................................... 33
4.2 Comparison of the land surface schemes of ECHAM and EM........ 34
4.2.1 Soil temperature and soil heat flux................... 34
4.2.2 Soil hydrology .............................. 37
4.2.3 Prediction of surface albedo and snow processes............ 41
4.2.4 Parameterization of water vapour fluxes................ 45
4.2.5 Parameterization of boundary layer transport............. 46
4.3 Comparison of the sensitivities of ECHAM and EM.............. 48
4.3.1 Control simulations ........................... 48
4.3.2 Sensitivity to the roughness length................... 51
4.3.3 Sensitivity to the leaf area index.................... 59
4.3.4 Sensitivity to the vegetation ratio.................... 68
4.3.5 Sensitivity to the background surface albedo ............. 79
4.3.6 Sensitivity to the snow albedo...................... 86
4.3-7 Sensitivity to the maximum soil water content ............ 88
4.4 Assessment of the surface climate in ECHAM and EM............ 95
4.5 Diurnal cycles of surface variables in the ECHAM
and EM control experiments........................... 102
XI
??
4.6 Comparison of the ECHAM- and EM-parameteri-
zations with other parameterization formulae.................112
4.6.1 Bare soil evaporation...........................112
4.6.2 Stability function.............................115
4.7 Comparison of the ECHAM3 and ECHAM4 land surface schemes......117
4.8 Comparison between off-line model simulation with Russian sites......121
4.9 Summary and conclusions............................124
5 3-dimensional ECHAM4 simulations 130
5.1 EXP1: Snow cover fraction deduced from global dataseis ..........131
5.1.1 Overview of modifications........................132
5.1.2 Parameterization of snow cover fraction................132
5.1.3 Derivation of a snow cover expression using satellite data......134
5.1.4 Results from the 3-D experiment....................138
5.2 EXP2: Snow cover fraction formula as implemented in
the Météo-France climate model ........................143
5.2.1 Overview of modifications........................144
5.2.2 Results from the 3-D experiment....................144
5.3 EXP3: Polynomial temperature dependence of snow albedo.........152
5.3.1 Overview of modifications........................153
5.3.2 Polynomial relationship between temperature and snow albedo . . . 154
5.3.3 Results from the 3-D experiment....................156
5.4 EXP4: Splitting of the total surface albedo into
its VIS- and NIR-component ..........................159
5.4.1 Overview of modifications........................159
5.4.2 Spectral albedos for snow and ice conditions..............162
5.4.3 Results from the 3-D experiment....................166
5.5 EXP5: Incorporation of the BATS parameterization for snow albedo .... 173
5.5.1 Overview of parameterizations incorporating a snow age factor . . . 173
5.5.2 Overview of modifications........................174
5.5.3 Ratio of diffuse/direct radiation.....................178
5.5.4 Results from the 3-D experiment....................179
5.6 EXP6: Annual cycle of the LAI.........................186
5.6.1 Overview of modifications........................186
5.6.2 Compilation of global LAI datasets...................187
5.6.3 Results from the 3-D experiment....................191
5.7 EXP7: Albedo of snow covered forests and a
simple snow interception model.........................195
5.7.1 Overview of modifications........................195
5.7.2 Radiation transfer canopy models....................195
5.7.3 Surface albedo of snow covered canopy in CLASS...........198
5.7.4 Snow interception on canopies .....................199
5.7.5 Results from the 3-D experiment....................202
5.8 EXP8: Modification of snowflakes melt temperature.............208
5.8.1 Overview of modifications........................208
5.8.2 Snow-rain criteria ............................208
5.8.3 Results from the 3-D experiment....................210
5.9 EXP9: Dependence of surface albedo on soil moisture............214
5.9.1 Overview of modifications........................214
5.9.2 Relationships between bare soil albedo and soil moisture.......214
5.9.3 Results from the 3-D experiment....................215
õø
5.10 EXPIO: Incorporation of subgrid scale orography............... 218
5.10.1 Incorporation of subgrid scale topographic variability......... 219
5.10.2 Topographic dataset........................... 219
5.10.3 Experimental setup............................ 220
5.10.4 Results from the 3-D experiment.................... 222
6 Conclusions 227
References 230
Appendix 240
A.I Abstract and Summary of Paper 1.......................241
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Roesch, Andreas Carl |
author_facet | Roesch, Andreas Carl |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Roesch, Andreas Carl |
author_variant | a c r ac acr |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV012927863 |
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callnumber-subject | QC - Physics |
classification_rvk | RB 10426 RB 10429 |
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dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
dewey-raw | 551.51/7/015118 |
dewey-search | 551.51/7/015118 |
dewey-sort | 3551.51 17 515118 |
dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
format | Thesis Book |
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isbn | 3906148262 |
language | English |
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spelling | Roesch, Andreas Carl Verfasser aut Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover Andreas Carl Roesch Zürich Geographisches Inst. ETH 2000 XIII, 242 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zürcher Klima-Schriften 78 Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Zugl.: Zürich, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1999 Mathematisches Modell Albedo Atmospheric circulation Mathematical models Snow Albedo (DE-588)4141802-5 gnd rswk-swf Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 gnd rswk-swf Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd rswk-swf Modell (DE-588)4039798-1 gnd rswk-swf Schnee (DE-588)4133053-5 gnd rswk-swf Numerisches Modell (DE-588)4338132-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 s Albedo (DE-588)4141802-5 s Schnee (DE-588)4133053-5 s Numerisches Modell (DE-588)4338132-7 s DE-604 Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 s Modell (DE-588)4039798-1 s Zürcher Klima-Schriften 78 (DE-604)BV012721806 78 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008801956&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Roesch, Andreas Carl Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover Zürcher Klima-Schriften Mathematisches Modell Albedo Atmospheric circulation Mathematical models Snow Albedo (DE-588)4141802-5 gnd Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 gnd Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd Modell (DE-588)4039798-1 gnd Schnee (DE-588)4133053-5 gnd Numerisches Modell (DE-588)4338132-7 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4141802-5 (DE-588)4113458-8 (DE-588)4031170-3 (DE-588)4039798-1 (DE-588)4133053-5 (DE-588)4338132-7 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
title | Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover |
title_auth | Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover |
title_exact_search | Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover |
title_full | Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover Andreas Carl Roesch |
title_fullStr | Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover Andreas Carl Roesch |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover Andreas Carl Roesch |
title_short | Assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover |
title_sort | assessment of the land surface scheme in climate models with focus on surface albedo and snow cover |
topic | Mathematisches Modell Albedo Atmospheric circulation Mathematical models Snow Albedo (DE-588)4141802-5 gnd Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 gnd Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd Modell (DE-588)4039798-1 gnd Schnee (DE-588)4133053-5 gnd Numerisches Modell (DE-588)4338132-7 gnd |
topic_facet | Mathematisches Modell Albedo Atmospheric circulation Mathematical models Snow Erdoberfläche Klima Modell Schnee Numerisches Modell Hochschulschrift |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008801956&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV012721806 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT roeschandreascarl assessmentofthelandsurfaceschemeinclimatemodelswithfocusonsurfacealbedoandsnowcover |